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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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explain the hormones involved in the relase of cortisol and aldosterone |
CRF( hypothalamus) - ACHT( from anterior pituitary) - cortiol and aldosterone from adrenal cortex.
note aldosterone is mostly controled by the RAAS. note also that cortisol and ACTH have a negative feedback on the hypothalamus. |
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describe the actions of the hormones secreated from the adreal cortex |
glycocorticoids ( cortisol ) - used to deal with stress. increased glyconeogenesis, AAs from skletal muscle are brought to the liver and converted in to CHO and then glycogen. Fat is also mobilised. hyperglycaemia is possible to due increased synthesis of glycose and decreased use. At higher doses it will inhibit inflammation via blocking phospholipase and then at a higher dose it is a immunosupressant. Eventually it is cytotoxic.
Aldosterone - conserves Na and excreats K therefore conserves H2O. ( REM. 1of the K sparing diuretics is a aldosterone antagonist). |
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what does the adreal cortex secreate |
glucocorticoids ( cortisol ) mineralocorticoids ( aldosterone ) androgens |
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list the clinical use of the corticosteriods |
imflammatory disorders
immune mediated disorders ( a higt dose is given initally then decreased. also combineed with other immunosupressant drugs)
induction of parturition ( fetal cortisol - placentome- PG- uterine contractions
addisons treatment- acute - hydrocortisone Na succinate IV or chronic fludrocortisone acetate oral insoluble ester ( 15:150) |
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what is addisons and cushings |
addisons - hypoadrenocorticism ( mineralo and glyco)
cushings - hyperadrenocorticism ( gluco) |
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list the principals of corticosteriod drug treatment |
min. aldosterone activity ( dont want to cause inbalance of electrolites and water in the body).
start with a low dose then increase.
monitor for side effects. longer acting products have a greater risk.
withdraw gradually.
treat underlying cause as well.
if there is an infections disease use with antimicrobials. |
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what are the side effects of the corticosteriods |
gastric and corneal ulcers ( inhibit production of prostaglandins - in NSAID lecture)
immunosupression
muscle / skin atrophy- papery skin ( protein - carb)
hyperglycaemia
loss of calcium causing a osteoporotic effect
high BP ( aldosterone effect).
PU/PD( aldosterone effect).
laminitis
cushings or addisons. |
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what are the symptoms of cushings and addisons |
cushings- PU/PD/PP, increased liver enzymes, pot belly, thin skin, coat changes, muscle wasting
addisons- PD/PD, V/D, weakness, anorexia, exercise intolerance. |
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describe exactly how cushings can be tested |
ACTH test : should see an elivated corticosteriod level before and a rise after
low dose dex. supression test : If the animal has cushings it will not supress cortisol. ( in the name - supression).
high dose dex. test : sometimes used to differentiate. pituitary - hight dose will supress cortisol production. adrenal - will not. |
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what are the drug treatments for cushings |
ENZYME BLOCKERS!!!
trilostane (oral)
Ketoconazole ( interfers with cytochrome p450, expensive).
mitotane ( cheep, oral, cytotoxic MOA- serious side effects so need to monitor) |
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