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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Insulin
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SE: hypoglycemia
hypersensitivity rxn weight gain lipodystrophy at inj site |
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Sulfonylurea
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1st gen:
Tolbutamide Chlorpropamide 2nd gen: Glyburide Glimepiride Glipizide Close K+ channel in beta-cell ==> insulin release **only in Type 2 (req islet cell function) SE: 1st: disulfiram-like 2nd: hypoglycemia |
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Metformin
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Biguanide
decreases GNG in liver, increases glycolysis and peripheral glucose uptake (insulin sensitivity) *can use for PCOS, patients without islet fcn SE: lactic acidosis; CI in renal failure (Cr 1.5 in men; 1.4 in women) *stop taking if getting IV contrast CI: renal dz, liver dz, CHF, alcoholism, sepsis (can all precipitate lactic acidosis) |
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Thiazolidinedions (TZDS)
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PPAR-TZDs makes you GAIN WEIGHT
Pioglitazone Rosiglitazone increase sensitivity to peripheral tissue *binds to PPAR-gamma nuclear transcription regulator SE: weight gain, EDEMA (CI in CHF) hepatotox, CV tox |
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alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
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Acarbose
Miglitol inhibit intestinal brush-border enzymes *decrease glucose absorption --> decreases postprandial hyperglycemia SE: GI |
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Pramlintide
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Amylin analog
decreases glucagon; delays gastric emptying *use in patients on insulin SE: Hypoglycemia, nausea, diarrhea |
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GLP-1 analog
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incretins:
Exenatide Liraglutide increase insulin, decrease glucagon; delay gastric emptying **can't use while on insulin SE: pancreatitis, N/V |
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Sitagliptin/Saxagliptin
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inhibit DPP-IV which affects GLP-1
decrease glucagon increase insulin delay gastric emptying |
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Propylthiouracil, methimazole
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inhibit organification of iodide and coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis; inhibits iodination of tyrosyl groups
PTU also decreases peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 *Does NOT treat the ophthalmopathy Tox: rash, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia PTU: hepatotox Methimazole: teratogen |
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Demeclocycline
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ADH antagonist
Tx: SIADH TOX: NDI, & tetracycline SE (photosensitivity, bones & teeth) |
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Glucocorticoids
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decrease production of LTs and PGs by inhibiting phospholipase A2 and COX2 expression
Tx: Addison's, inflammation, immune suppression, asthma, keloids Tox: Cushing's; adrenal insuff when stopped psychosis insomnia glaucoma acne |
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Drug of choice for GDM
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Insulin
First try diet/exercise |
