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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lack of knowledge of pulp anatomy is the __________ most common cause of treatment failure.
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second
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Of the following, which is the best technique to determine if a root contains two canals?
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interpreting angled radiographs
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The shape of the canal in cross-section is variable but is almost always round in the apical third. T/F?
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The first part of the sentence is true, the second part is false.
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Multiple canals in mandibular premolars occur most often in which population?
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African-Americans
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Alterations in the anatomy of the pulp space occur because of?
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resorption, age, calcifications
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Calcifications encountered in the pulp space do which of the following?
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represent additional dentin formation
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Which of the following (lateral canals, apical foramen, pulp horns, canal orifices) is not associated with the radicular pulp?
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pulp horns
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Accessory canals are more common in the apical third, and more common in posterior teeth. T/F?
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TRUE
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Regarding the apical foramen, does the…….The diameter remains constant throughout life
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The position of the apical foramen is often visible on radiograph
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Dens invaginatus (dens in dente) occurs most commonly in which teeth?
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maxillary lateral incisors
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The lingual groove defect is (1) found most frequently in maxillary central incisors and (2) has a poor prognosis for treatment. T/F?
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Statement 1 is false, statement 2 is true.
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A C-shaped canal is characterized by?
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complex internal anatomy, most commonly found in Asian populations, usually occurs in mandibular second molars, should be referred to an endodontist for treatment
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Of the following, which tooth or root is the most likely to have two canals?
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Maxillary 2nd premolar, Mandibular1st molar mesial root, Mandibular lateral incisor, Maxillary 1st molar mesiobuccal root
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The lingual root of the maxillary first molar often has a curvature in the apical third to which of the following?
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Buccal, lingual, mesial, distal, none of the above, the root is usually straight
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What is true of the rubber dam?
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a.The rubber dam is elective for endodontic treatment., b.The rubber dam allows irrigating solution to contact and disinfect surrounding soft tissues. c.The rubber dam protects the patient from swallowing or aspirating instruments and materials., d.The rubber dam injures soft tissue from the pressure of the clamp.
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What is the recommended rubber dam weight for endodontic procedures?
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medium
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Why are plastic rubber dam frames recommended over metal frames?
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They are radiolucent.
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Which of the following clamps is designed for an anterior tooth?
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No. 212
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What is an advantage of a provisional crown used to replace missing tooth structure before root canal treatment?
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It is easily removed and replaced during root canal treatment appointments.
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What is the preferred method for rubber dam placement on molars?
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placement as a unit
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What is a major objective of the access opening?
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Achieve unimpeded straight-line access of the instruments to the first canal curvature or apical one third.
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How is Outline form for access best described?
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It is a projection of the internal tooth anatomy onto the external surface.
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What is an advantage of caries removal during access?
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It allows assessment of the restorability prior to the endodontic treatment.
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Estimated depth of access is a measurement from where to where?
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occlusal reference of posterior teeth to the coronal portion of the pulp chamber
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What is the shape of the access opening of a maxillary central incisor in a young patient?
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triangular
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What is the outline shape of the access for a maxillary first molar?
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triangular
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What is the outline shape of the access for a mandibular first molar with four canals?
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trapezoidal
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To obtain an accurate measurement, how should the working length radiographs be made?
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They should be made with a minimum of a No. 20 file.
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An apex locator is helpful in patients with?
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with a strong gag reflex
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What is the preferred method to evaluate if a canal has been adequately cleaned?
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The canal walls are “glassy smooth” when explored with a file.
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The degree of canal enlargement during shaping is dictated by?
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method of obturation, anatomy of the root, plan for post placement
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The apical termination point for cleaning and shaping the root canal should be?
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within 0 to 2 mm of the radiographic apex
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To prevent extrusion of obturating material, cleaning and shaping procedures must be confined to the radicular space. Canals filled to the radiographic apex would be considered to be the perfect result.T/F?
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The first statement is true
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For the irrigating solution to effectively reach the apical third of the canal, the apical canal should be enlarged to at least a No. __________ file?
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35 or 40
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What is the most widely used irrigant solution for endo procedures?
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sodium hypochlorite
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The best description of a difference between nickel-titanium and stainless steel instruments is?
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Nickel-titanium tends to result in better shaping (less transportation) in curved canals.
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What is the primary purpose of an irrigant such as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)?
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flush out debris
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A major advantage to using a lubricant during cleaning and shaping is?
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It reduces torsional force on the instrument, decreasing the possibility of fracture.
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Removal of the smear layer after cleaning and shaping does what?
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allows better adaptation of obturating materials to canal walls
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EDTA is most effective for what use?
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removing smear layer after cleaning and shaping
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How does the “crown-down” technique differ from the “step-back” technique?
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It creates coronal flare early, reducing torsional stress on the instruments.
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Recapitulation is defined as?
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The removal of accumulated debris using a small file at the corrected working length.
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Of the following, which is the most important consideration of a temporary restoration? Antimicrobial, placed over a cotton pellet, resistant to acids, at least 4 mm thick?
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at least 4 mm thick
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What is the leading cause for loss of endodontically treated teeth?
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restorative factors
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How does the survival rate for a tooth restored with cusp protection compare to a tooth without cusp protection?
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a tooth with protected cusps has an enhanced survival rate
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Dentin becomes more brittle following the endodontic treatment due to loss of moisture content. T/F?
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False
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The greatest contributing factor to reduced cuspal stiffness (strength) that predisposes to fracture is?
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loss of one or both marginal ridges
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What describes a definitive restoration after root canal treatment?
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It should provide a coronal seal.
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What is the major result of exposure of obturating materials to oral fluids?
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It is a major cause of failure.
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When should a definitive restoration be placed?
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It should be placed as soon as practical.
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What is the only reason to delay the definitive restoration?
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if there is a questionable prognosis and failure would lead to extraction
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The practical principles for function and durability when designing a definitive restoration include _________,__________,and __________
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and not _________?
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What is an indication for use of a direct (amalgam or composite) restoration?
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Excessive tooth structure has not been lost.
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Fewer root fractures have been recorded in laboratory studies when what type of post has been used?
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carbon fiber post
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When should you remove of gutta-percha for post space preparation?
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immediately after obturation
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When using a prefabricated post system to restore a posterior tooth, the most desirable post design is?
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parallel sided, passively cemented.
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When should retentive pins be used?
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Retentive pins should not be used because the risks outweigh any potential gain.
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When is the placement of a dowel or post through a crown or an existing restoration indicated?
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It is rarely indicated.
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What is a possible outcome when there is an overfill of the obturation materials?
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inadequate apical seal
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What is the optimal preparation/obturation length relative to the radiographic apex with pulp necrosis?
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0.5 to 1.0mm short
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Prognosis and histologic studies show that if there is a length error, there are less problems resulting in?
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underfills
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What is a major concern when root canals also have lateral canals?
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They may allow bacterial and necrotic debris to leak into the periodontium.
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What factors should be considered when deciding the timing for obturation?
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signs and symptoms present, pulp and periapical status, difficulty of the procedure
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What pulp and periapical diagnosis may have completed treatment in a single visit?
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painful irreversible pulpitis
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What material is currently the only universally accepted solid core obturation material?
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gutta-percha
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What is a disadvantage of gutta-percha?
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shrinkage if altered by heat or solvents
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What is an advantage of using gutta-percha?
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adaptation to canal irregularities with compaction
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What have recent studies shown synthetic polyester resin-based polymers to be?
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no difference in leakage when compared to gutta-percha
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Semisolid obturation materials (pastes or cements) have been shown to do?
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To provide an unpredictable and inconsistent apical seal.
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How long does it take for complete setting of zinc oxide-eugenol (ZnOE)-based sealers?
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The setting usually requires weeks or months.
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What type of sealer may have a problem with long-term solubility?
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calcium hydroxide sealers
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What is a benefit of using the lateral compaction method to place gutta-percha?
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It manages length control well.
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What is a disadvantage of finger spreaders as compared to standard long-handled spreaders?
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fracture potential in curved canals
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