Endo

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Endodontics -

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That branch of dentistry concerned with the morphology, physiology, and pathology of the human dental pulp and periradicular tissues. Its study and practice encompass related basic and clinical sciences including biology of the normal pulp; the etiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and injuries of the pulp; and resultant pathological periradicular conditions.

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Endodontist

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A dentist whose practice is limited to endodontics. To become an endodontist, the dentist must complete a postgraduate course of study of two to three years offered by an accredited institution.

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Root Canal Therapy (Non-surgical Endodontic Treatment)

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Endodontic therapy for permanent teeth involves the chemical and mechanical cleaning and shaping of the root canal system and the subsequent root canal filling (obturation) to seal the canal system .

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Endodontic Surgery (Surgical Endodontic Treatment)-

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Surgical endodontics is a continuation of non-surgical treatment and involves the removal of pathological tissues surrounding the root apex as well as resection of the root to eliminate irritants in the terminal portion for the canal system which could not be removed during non- surgical treatment. Also included are the related procedures such as hemisection, root amputation, and replantation.

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The Purpose of Endodontics –

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To eliminate pulpal and periradicular (periapical) disease and to promote healing and repair of the periradicular tissues.

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Abscess:

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a collection of localized pus

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Access (preparation):

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the cavity prepared in the crow

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Apicoectomy:

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commonly used surgical term for resection of the root and removal of the apex.

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Cleaning and shaping:

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procedures in the root canal system which remove organic material, remove or destroy microorganisms, and prepare within the root canal system the shape that encourages the simplest, most effective three-dimensional obturation.

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Debridement

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elimination of organic and inorganic substances from the root canal by mechanical and\or chemical means.

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Gutta-Percha:

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the purified coagulated exudate from certain trees; a high molecular weight stereoisomer of the isoprene mer, similar to rubber.

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Gutta-Percha Point:

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a pliable, radiopaque cone manufactured from gutta-percha and added ingredients, available in various sizes and used to obturate root canals in conjunction with a sealer.

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Irrigation:

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a method used to rinse debris from the root canal system.

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Isolation:

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refers to the placement of a rubber dam to isolate a tooth in order to maintain a clean operating field and for the protection of the patient and the clinician.

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Necrosis:

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the death of a cell or group of cells; the degeneration of the cells of the pulp necessitating endodontic therapy.

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Obturate:

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to fill the root canal after cleaning and shaping.

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Periapical Diagnosis:

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determination of the conditions of the tissues surrounding the apical portion of the root based on symptoms and the results of periapical diagnostic testing.

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Symptomatic (Acute) Apical Periodontitis:

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inflammation, usually of the apical periodontium, producing clinical symptoms including painful response to biting and percussion. It may or may not be associated with an apical radiolucent area.

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Asymptomatic (Chronic) Apical Periodontitis:

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inflammation and destruction of the apical periodontium that is of pulpal origin, appears as a periradicular radiolucent area and usually does not produce symptoms.

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Condensing Osteitis:

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a diffuse radiopaque lesion believed to be a response to a

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Acute Apical Abscess:

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an inflammatory reaction to pulpal infection and necrosis characterized by rapid onset, spontaneous pain, tenderness of the tooth to pressure, pus formation and eventual swelling of associated tissues.

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Chronic Apical Abscess:

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AN inflammatory reaction to pulpal infection and necrosis characterized by gradual onset, little or no discomfort and the intermittent discharge of pus through an associated sinus tract.

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Prognosis:

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the prediction of the results of treatment.

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Pulp, Dental:

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a richly vascularized and innervated specialized connective tissue of mesenchymal origin. It is contained in the central space (canal) of a tooth, is surrounded by dentin and has formative, nutritive, sensory and protective function.

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Pulp Testing

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diagnostic procedures to determine pulpal responsiveness by applying an electrical, thermal or mechanical stimulus.

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Pulp Tester:

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an electrical instrument used to assess pulpal responsiveness.

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Pulpal Diagnosis

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determination of the condition of the pulp based on symptoms and the results of pulp testing and clinical exam.

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Normal Pulp

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pulp is vital, free of inflammation, and asymptomatic, but produces a mild to moderate transient response to thermal of electrical stimuli.

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Reversible Pulpitis

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pulp is mildly inflamed but does not require root canal treatment

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Irreversible Pulpitis

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pulp is very inflamed and root canal treatment is necessary

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Pulp Necrosis

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pulp is dead and root canal treatment is necessary

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Retreatment:

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a procedure to remove a previous root canal filling from the tooth and again clean, shape and obturate the canals.

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Root (Pulp) Canal:

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a channel in the root of the tooth extending from the pulp chamber to the apical foramen: may be narrow, have lateral branches and/or exhibit irregular morphology. Rubber Dam: a latex sheet used to isolate a tooth or teeth from the oral environment and to prevent migration of fluids or foreign objects into or out of the operative field.

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Sealer, Root Canal:

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a radiopaque dental cement used, usually in combination with a solid core material, to eliminate unfilled voids and to seal root canals during obturation.