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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three helminths endemic in all 80 provinces of the Philippines |
1. Trichuris trichura 2. Ascaris lumbricoides 3. Hookworms |
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Where are hookworms endemic |
Visayas and Mindanao |
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Where are ascaris lumbricoides endemic |
Luzon |
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Where are trichuris spp. endemic |
Luzon |
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Synptomaticity of most STH infections |
Asymptomatic |
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Heavier Infections lead to what symptoms (4) |
1. Diarrhea 2. Abdominal pain 3. Malaise 4. Weakness |
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Integrated Helminth Control Program What are the drugs of choice and dosage |
1. Albendazole 400 mg 2. Mebendazole 500 mg |
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Integrated Helminth Control Program Targets children of what ages |
12 months - 12 years |
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Integrated Helminth Control Program Who are considered special populations (4) |
1. Pregnant women 2. Adolescent females 3. Farmers 4. Indigenous people |
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Integrated Helminth Control Program What non-medical stuff is included in the program |
1. Installation of water and sanitation facilities 2. Education to improve hygienic practices |
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Integrated Helminth Control Program Alternative drugs and their doses |
1. Pyrantel 10 mg/kg 2. Levimasole 2.5 mg/kg |
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What classifies a light A. lumbricoides infection |
1 - 4,999 eggs |
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What classifies a moderate A. lumbricoides infection |
5,000 - 49,999 eggs |
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What classifies a heavy A. lumbricoides infection |
>/= 50,000 |
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What classifies a light T. trichura infection |
1-999 eggs |
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What classifies a moderate T. trichura infection |
1,000 - 9,999 eggs |
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What classifies a heavy T. trichura infection |
>/= 10,000 eggs |
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What classifies a light hookworm infection |
1-1,999 eggs |
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What classifies a moderate hookworm infection |
2,000-3,999 eggs |
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What classifies a moderate hookworm infection |
1,000 - 3,999 eggs |
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What classifies a heavy hookworm infection |
>/= 4,000 |
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Ascariasis How many eggs per day can it lay |
200,000 |
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Ascariasis Incubation period |
10-14 days |
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Ascariasis What should be asked in the history |
Exposure to soil or playing in soil |
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Ascariasis How long does its life cycle take to complete |
3 months |
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Ascariasis How long can it live |
2 years |
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Ascariasis Signs and aymptoms (7) |
1. Abdominal pain 2. Abdominal enlargement 3. Anemia 4. Pallor 5. Diarrhea 6. Passage of worms 7. Signs of obstruction |
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ASCARIASIS State the life cycle |
Eggs are ingested from the soil --> esophagus and stomach --> Small intestine (hatch and invade mucosa) --> portosystemic circulation --> heart and lungs --> alveoli invasion --> bronchial tree --> esophagus and stomach --> Small intestine (adult and lay eggs) --> large intestine and anus --> passage of worm and eggs --> embryonation of the egg in soil |
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Ascariasis Point of entry |
Oral-fecal |
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Ascariasis Infective stage |
Embryonated egg |
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Ascariasis Host habitat |
Small intestine |
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Ascariasis Treatment of choice and dosage |
Albendazole 400 mg tab single dose OR Mebendazole 500 mg tab single dose |
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Ascariasis Treatment for younger children and children who cannot tolerare DOCs and dosage |
Pyrantel pamoate 11 mg/kg/day for 3 days , not exceeding 1 mg/day |
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Ascariasis Treatment contraindications |
Hypersensitivity |
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Ascariasis Caution in treatment of patients who are (2) |
1. Heavily infected 2. Liver disease |
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Ascariasis Treatment side effects (3) |
1. GI disturbances 2. Nausea 3. Vomiting |
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What is the most common intestinal infection in the Philippines |
Trichuriasis |
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Trichuriasis Who are the at risk popuplation (4) |
1. Children 2. Travelers 3. Military 4. Refugees |
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Trichuriasis How many eggs can the female adult lay in a day |
20,000 |
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Trichuriasis Incubation time |
15-30 days |
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Trichuriasis How long does it take for a life cycle to be completed |
2 |
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Trichuriasis How long can the parasite live |
5 years |
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Trichuriasis Most common complication |
Rectal prolapse |
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Trichuriasis State the life cycle |
Eggs are ingested --> esophagus --> stomach --> small inestine (eggs hatch and invade mucosa) --> porto-systemic circulation --> heart and lungs --> alveoli (penetrate and mature) --> bronchial tree --> esophagus and stomach --> already adults when they reach the small and large intestine --> eggs pass --> anus --> soil (embryonation) |
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Trichuriasis Point of entry |
Oral-fecal |
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Trichuriasis Infective stage |
Embryonated egg |
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Trichuriasis Host habitat |
Large intestine |
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Trichuriasis Treatment of choice and dosage and timing |
Albendazole 400 mg single dose OR Mebendazole 500 mg single dose |
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Trichuriasis Alternate treatment of choice for younger children and children who can't tolerate the treatment of choice |
Pyrantel pamoate 11 mg/kg/day for 3 days ; not going above 1 g/day |
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Trichuriasis Treatment contraindications |
Hypersensitivity |
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Trichuriasis Treatment should be used with caution in these patients |
1. Heavily infected 2. Patients with liver disease |
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Trichuriasis Other side effects of treatment (3) |
1. Nausea 2. Vomiting 3. GI disturbances |
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Malaria Vector |
Anopheles Mosquito |
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Malaria Which province has the highest rate of transmission |
Palawan |
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Malaria What plasmodium infection(s) have a malignant tertian pattern of periodicity |
P. plasmodium |
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Malaria What plasmodium infection(s) have a benign tertian pattern of periodicity |
P. vivax P. ovale |
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Malaria What plasmodium infection(s) have a quartan pattern of periodicity |
P. malariae |
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Malaria What plasmodium infection(s) have a quotidian pattern of periodicity |
P. knowlesi |
