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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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IUCN (world conservation union)
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has maintained an international list of threatened and endangered species since 1963.
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Red List of Threatened Species
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put out by IUCN
Extinct Extinct in the Wild Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable Near Threatened Least Concern Data Deficient Not Evaluated |
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extinct*
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how it becomes bye bye
• reduced population size leads to increased inbreeding and reduced genetic diversity • this in turn lowers reproductive efficiency and makes remaining population of species more vulnerable to disease • this in turn further reduces the population size, etc. |
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endagered*
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at risk of becoming extinct
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extirpated*
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to eliminate completely
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Keystone predators*
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essential for an ecosystem because without them species with no natural predators will run rampant
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California Southern Sea Otter
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almost died off because of fur
- 1900s thought there were zero left -farmer bob finds some in 1938 - 1970s protected by ESA/MPA - 2006 2600 otters out there, close to being taken off list - farmers don't like them |
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Endangered Species Act (1973)*
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protects “all imperiled plants and animals” and “the ecosystems upon which they depend.” The law forbids all individuals, agencies, and corporations from harming, killing, or taking any endangered animal without a permit. Each endangered species must also be granted “critical habitats” sufficient in area for their recovery specified in a “recovery plan.” enforced by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)
* people say ESA is shitty as fuck, onlyl 7 species have been de-listed |
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Marine Mammal Protection Act (1972)*
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prohibits killing, hunting, capture or harassment of all marine mammals within US waters and by U.S. citizens on the high seas (except for certain limited exceptions). It also prohibits the importation of marine mammals or products derived from them (again, with certain exceptions). Protected marine mammals include all cetaceans (whales, porpoises, dolphins), pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, walruses), sea otters, and polar bears.
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sea turtles (Green, Hawksbill, Kemps-Ridley)
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Green Sea Turtle: slow moving, air-breathing, slwo to mature, beach nesting, soup & meat,
Hawkshill: used to be used for combs, jewelry Kems-Ridley: shrimp trawlers |
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TEDs
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turtle excluder devices, types of nets that guide sea turtles out of the nets before they drrown and keep the shrimp in, it reduces bycatch and is also more efficient than normal nets
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CITES (1973)*
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1973, international treaty aimed to prevent or at least minimize trade in threatened and endangered species. Ultimately, enforcement is up the individual governments.
Appendix I: 800 species, if trade is not halted these species will become extinct Appendix II: 32,500 species not necessarily threatened with extinction may become extinct if not listed Appendix III: when one country has asked other countries for help witha species about 300 species |
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shark finning*
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the process of cutting off sharks fins and the putting them back in the sea to drown, shark fins are a lot more expensive, people believe that shark fins are Chinese medicine, like a tonic; has little nutritionall value
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