En Sp 200 Chapter 5

Front 1

The number and variety of species?

Back 1

Biodiversity

Front 2

It can help maintain stability in a system, or it can help a system recover from disturbance.

Back 2

Biodiversity

Front 3

Characteristic types of environments that occur in different conditions of temperature and precipitation. What are these broad types of biological communities?

Back 3

Biomes

Front 4

Biomes most likely occur in the absence of human disturbance or other disruptions according to what?

Back 4

Average annual temperature and precipitation.

Front 5

Term applied to vegetation zones defined by altitude.

Back 5

Vertical Zonation

Front 6

Found high in the mountains where fog and mist keep vegetation wet all the time.

Back 6

Cloud forests

Front 7

Occur where rainfall is abundant, more than 200 cm.

Back 7

Tropical Rainforests

Front 8

Drought-tolerant forests that look brown and dormant in the dry season but burst into vivid green during rainy months

Back 8

Tropical seasonal forests

Front 9

Grasslands with sparse tree cover?

Back 9

Savannas

Front 10

Rainy seasons are less abundant or less dependable than in a forest?

Back 10

Tropical savannas and grasslands.

Front 11

Occur where precipitation is uncommon and slight, usually with less than 30 cm of rain per year.

Back 11

Deserts

Front 12

Where there is enough rain to support abundant grass but not enough for forests, also have very rich soils.

Back 12

Temperate Grasslands

Front 13

Broad leaved tress that are mainly in temperate or midlatitude forests?

Back 13

Deciduous Trees (loosing leaves seasonally)

Front 14

Evergreen tress that are mainly in temperate or midlatitude forests?

Back 14

Coniferous Trees (cone-bearing)

Front 15

Wet coastal forests, cool, rainy forest often enshrouded in fog.

Back 15

Temperate rainforest

Front 16

Northern forest, full of conifers that survive the cold weather, lie between about 50 and 60 degrees north.

Back 16

Boreal Forest

Front 17

Treeless landscape that occurs at high latitudes or mountaintops, has a growing season of only two or three months.

Back 17

Tundra

Front 18

Expansive biome that has low productivity because it has a short growing season, has a burst of sunshine during the summer that allows for 24 hour growing period.

Back 18

Arctic Tundra

Front 19

Occurring on or near mountaintops, has environmental conditions and vegetation similar to arctic tundra.

Back 19

Alpine Tundra

Front 20

Most marine communities depend on photosynthetic organisms, what are they?

Back 20

Algae or tiny, free floating photosynthetic plants (phytoplankton)

Front 21

What is greatest near coastlines? Where nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients wash offshore and fertilize primary producers.

Back 21

Photosynthetic activity

Front 22

Communities occur on the bottom of the ocean?

Back 22

Benthic

Front 23

Zone that is on top, has photosynthetic organisms?

Back 23

Epipelagic Zone

Front 24

Zones in the water column

Back 24

Pelagic

Front 25

Medium zone of the water column?

Back 25

Mesopelagic

Front 26

Deep zone of the water column?

Back 26

Bathypelagic

Front 27

Deep layer of the ocean lower than 4,000 meters?

Back 27

Abyssal Zone

Front 28

Ocean zone deeper than 6,000 meters?

Back 28

Hadal zones

Front 29

Ocean zone that are shorelines?

Back 29

Littoral Zones

Front 30

Areas that are exposed by low tides?

Back 30

Intertidal zone

Front 31

Undersea area that is broad, relatively shallow region along a continent's coast, which may reach a few kilometers of hundreds of kilometers from shore.

Back 31

Continental Shelf

Front 32

Best known marine systems, because of their extraordinary biological productivity and their diverse and beautiful organisms.

Back 32

Coral Reefs

Front 33

Reefs can also be damages or killed by changes in temperature, by invasive fish and by diseases, the whitening of reefs due to stress, often followed by colar death, is a growing and spreading problem that worries marine biologists?

Back 33

Coral Bleaching

Front 34

Bays where rivers empty into the seam mixing fresh water with salt water?

Back 34

Estuaries

Front 35

Shallow wetlands flooded regularly or occasionally with seawater, occur on shallow coastlines, including estuaries?

Back 35

Salt Marshes

Front 36

Depressions in a rocky shoreline that are flooded at high tide but retain some water at low tide.

Back 36

Tide Pools

Front 37

Bottom of the lake, occupied by a variety of snails, burrowing worms, fish and other organisms.

Back 37

Benthos

Front 38

Sharp temperature boundary

Back 38

Thermocline

Front 39

Shallow ecosystems in which the land surface is saturated or submerged at least part of the year.

Back 39

Wetlands

Front 40

These filter, and even purify, urban and farm runoff as bacteria and plants take up nutrients and contaminants in water. They are also in great demand for filling and development.

Back 40

Wetlands

Front 41

The variety of living things

Back 41

Biodiversity

Front 42

Genetic, Species, and ecological

Back 42

The three types of diversity

Front 43

Measure of the variety of versions of the same genes within individual species

Back 43

Genetic Diversity

Front 44

The number of different kinds of organisms within individual communities

Back 44

Species Diversity

Front 45

The richness and complexity of a biological community, including the number of niches, trophic levels and ecological processes that capture energy, sustain food webs and recycles materials within this system.

Back 45

Ecological Diversity

Front 46

The elimination or a species, is normal process of the natural world, species die out and are replaced by others, often their own descendants, as a part of evolutionary change

Back 46

Extinction

Front 47

The reduction of habitat into small isolated patches.

Back 47

Fragmentation

Front 48

The number of individuals needed for long term survival of rare and endangered species

Back 48

Minimum viable population

Front 49

Theory developed by Wilson and MacArthur, Small islands far from a mainland have fewer terrestrial species than larger, nearer islands

Back 49

Island Biogeography

Front 50

Habitat destruction, Invasive species, Pollution, Populations of humans, and Overharvesting

Back 50

HIPPO, summarizes E.O. Wilson's views on human threats to biodiversity

Front 51

Organisms that thrive in new territory where they are free of predators, diseases, or resource limitations that may have controlled their population in their native habitat.

Back 51

Invasive Species

Front 52

Taking more individuals than reproduction can replace.

Back 52

Overharvesting

Front 53

Species that are considered in imminent danger of extinction.

Back 53

Endangered Species

Front 54

Species that are likely to become endangered, at least locally, within the foreseeable future

Back 54

Threatened Species

Front 55

Species that are naturally rare or have been locally depleted by human activities to a level that puts them at risk.

Back 55

Vulnerable Species

Front 56

Species tied to specific biotic communities or successional stages or environmental conditions. They can be reliably found under certain conditions but not others; an example is a brown trout

Back 56

Indicator Species

Front 57

Require large blocks of relatively undisturbed habitat to maintain viable populations. Saving this habitat also benefits other species. Examples are the northern spotted owl, tiger and gray wolf.

Back 57

Umbrella Species

Front 58

Especially interesting or attractive organisms to which people react emotionally. These species can motivate the public to preserve biodiversity and contribute to conservation; an example is the giant panda

Back 58

Flagship Species

Front 59

Biogeographical technique of mapping biological diversity and endemic species to find gaps between protected areas that leave endangered habitats vulnerable to disruption

Back 59

Gap Analysis

Front 60

Nutrien Availability, suspended matter that affects light penetration, depth, temperature, currents, bottom characteristics, internal currents, and connections to, or isolation from other aquatic and terrestrial systems

Back 60

Local conditions that affect the characteristics of an aquatic community.

Front 61

Aquatic continuum of constantly changing environmental conditions and community inhabitants.

Back 61

A river

Front 62

Defines species according to evolutionary history and common ancestors

Back 62

Evolutionary Species Concept

Front 63

Defines species according to evolutionary history and common ancestors

Back 63

Evolutionary Species Concept

Front 64

Identifies genetic similarity

Back 64

Phylogenetic Species Concept

Front 65

Identifies genetic similarity

Back 65

Phylogenetic Species Concept

Front 66

Project leader for California condor recovery program and his observations lead to gap analysis

Back 66

J. Michael Scott