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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is sustainability? (3) |
1. Leaves future generations with a rich and full earth 2. Conserves the earth's natural resources 3. Maintains fullt functioning ecosystems |
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What is Sustainable development |
The use of resources to satisfy current needs w/o comprosing future availability of resources |
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Interdisciplinary sciences connecting information and ideas from natural sciences, social sciences and humanities |
Environmental science |
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The movement of people from countryside to towns and cities |
Urbanization |
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Why is there urbanization? (3) |
1. Improvements in agriculture, less farm labor, jobs become available in the cities 2. Influx of immigrants. Many of them settled in towns nd cities whsre jobs were avai 3. Cities offered a greater variety of cultural, social and artustic opportunities |
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Pattern of unplanned, low density housing and comm. dev. outside of cities, often takes place on prev. underdeveloped lanD |
Urban sprawl |
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By 2050, urban populations will grow by what percent? |
94% |
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Sprawling is more prevalent on areas with ____ and ____ |
Strong economic activity and high population density |
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5 causes of sprawl |
1. Human pop. growtj 2. People like their space and privacy 3. Highways make it easier to commute 4. Telecommunications and internet allows workers to live wherever 5. Acc to economists and politicians, growth is good |
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Things Wrong With Sprawl (5)
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1. Land use 2. Transportation 3. Pollution 4. Taxes 5. Health: physicall inactivity |
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produced by water seeping inyo landfills w/c may contain undesirable or toxic chemicals |
Leachates |
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source for wells and springs that supplies drinkinh water, laden wkth chem by-products of leachates leaking |
Groundwater |
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What is waste? (3) |
1. Any unwanted material that results from a human activity or process 2. Any solid. Liq or gas that a person wants to rid of or that he may not legally possess 3. A material thay is a. Aesthetically unpleasant b. degrades human health and contamination |
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Non-liquid waste that comes from homes, institutions and small businesses. Ex. Paper scraps, Food |
Municipal solid waste |
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comes from production of consumer goods, mining, agriculture and petroleum extraction |
Industrial solid waste |
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4 kinds of hazardous waste |
1. Ignitable 2. Corrosive 3. Reactive 4. Toxic |
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Types of hazardous waste defknitions |
Read |
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Sanitary landfills description |
1. Sites where waste is isolated fron the envi until it is safe 2. Safe ~ completely degraded chemically, biologically and physically |
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Four basic conditions flor a site ti be regarded as a sanitary landfill |
1. Full or partial, hydrogeological isolation -land should have leachate security or collection to prevent leachates from reaching surrounding environment 2. Formal engineering preparations -designs should be developed from local hydrogeological investigation -waste disposal plans and final restoration 3. Permanent control -trained staff should supervise site construction, depositinh of waste and regular maintenance 4. Planned waste emplacement and covering -waste should be spread in layers and compacted -working area shoild be coveres daily to avoif pests and vermin |
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Grew in the 20th century. Urban population expanded, inner cities decayed, wealthier residemts went to suburbs. Designs cities to maximize their fubctionality, beauty and effieciency |
City planning |
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What may be the most sprawled countrt where urban planning is virtually non-existent? |
Belgium |
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Where Urban planning is v controlled |
Netherlands |
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What is zoning? |
The practice of classifying areas for different tyoes of development and land use. So people knkw whay can and cannot be located nearby |
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What do opponents say about zoning? |
Zoning is a gov. restricyion and violates individual freedom |
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What do proponents say about zoning? |
Gov can set limits for the good of other people and new properties |
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An urban planning and transportation theory that concentrates growth in the center of a city to avoid urban sprawl |
Smart growth |
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Example of places with smarth hrowth |
Curitiba, Helsinki, Leichester, Portland(highest rate of bicycle commuters in U.S) |
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A specific area surrounding municipality that will be the target for urban growth |
Urban Growth Boundary |
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Possible disadvanyages pf UGBs |
1. Segmented real estate markets 2. Increased land prices inside noubdary 3. Increased overall housing costs |
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Disasvantages of Sanitary Landfills (6) |
1. Not easy to find suitable areas fkr landfills 2. Site will look ugly 3. Dangerous gases are given off from landfill sitEs 4. Liners (clay) can be puncturef 5. Streams cpuld be polluted with toxins seeping through ground from landfill 6. Lechate collection system will eventually cease to exist |
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Process of incineration read notes |
Read |
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Advantages of incineration (6) |
1. Important in small cities where space is scare and landfill spots are not available 2. Can be located close to area of service 3. Can be in operation 24 hoirs a day 4. Ash is in stable form and consists mainly of inorganic material 5. Odors and rodents are no problem 6. Heat produced by waste combustion is used to boil water |
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Disadvantages of incineration (6) |
1. Large stacks: emit excess heat and gases from waste contribute to greenhouse effect 2. Initial cost of building an incinerator plant 3. Maintenance required and repairs can be very costly 4. Recyclable materials are burned 5. Ash may contain toxic materials that must be taken to a landfil 6. Fly ash can pose respiratory probs |
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Energy needed to extract, produce and get the energy to consumers |
Energy invested or used to produce it |
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Energy needed to extract, produce and get the energy to consumers |
Energy invested or used to produce it |
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Currentku oil has a high |
Net energy ratio |
