Emt Vocab - 3Rd Test

Front 1

arterial bleeding

Back 1

bleeding that is characterized by bright red blood and is rapid, profuse and difficult to control

Front 2

capillary bleeding

Back 2

bleeding that is characterized by a slow, oozing flow of blood

Front 3

cardiogenic shock

Back 3

shock brought on not by blood loss but by the heart's inadequate pumping action

Front 4

compensated shock

Back 4

occurs when the patient is developing shock but the body is still able to maintain perfusion

Front 5

decompensated shock

Back 5

occurs when the body can no longer compensate for low blood volume or lack of perfusion. Late signs such as decreasing blood pressure become evident

Front 6

hemorrhage

Back 6

bleeding, especially severe bleeding

Front 7

hemorrhagic shock

Back 7

shock resulting from blood loss

Front 8

hemostatic agents

Back 8

substances applied as dressing, gauze, or bandages to open wounds to stop bleeding

Front 9

hypoperfusion

Back 9

the body's inability to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients

Front 10

hypovolemic shock

Back 10

shock resulting from blood or fluid loss

Front 11

neurogenic shock

Back 11

hypoperfusion due to nerve paralysis (sometimes caused by spinal cord injuries) resulting in the dilation of blood vessels that increases the volume of the circulatory system beyond the point at which it can be filled

Front 12

perfusion

Back 12

the supply of oxygen to, and removal of wastes from, the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries

Front 13

pressure dressing

Back 13

a bulky dressing held in position with a tightly wrapped bandage, which applies pressure to help control bleeding

Front 14

shock

Back 14

the body's inability to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells in order to supply them with oxygen and nutrients; a life-threatening condition

Front 15

tourniquet

Back 15

a device used for bleeding control that constricts all blood flow to and from an extremity

Front 16

venous bleeding

Back 16

bleeding that is characterized by dark red or maroon blood and a steady, easy-to-control flow

Front 17

abrasion

Back 17

a scratch or scrape

Front 18

amputation

Back 18

the surgical removal or traumatic severing of a body part, usually an extremity

Front 19

avulsion

Back 19

the tearing away or tearing off of a piece or flap or other soft tissue; may also refer to an eye pulled from its socket or a tooth dislodged from the gum

Front 20

bandage

Back 20

any material used to hold a dressing in place

Front 21

closed wound

Back 21

an internal injury with no open pathway from the outside to the injured site

Front 22

contusion

Back 22

a bruise

Front 23

crush injury

Back 23

an injury caused when force is transmitted from the body's exterior to its internal structures: bones can be broken; muscles, nerves and tissues can be damaged; and internal organs can rupture, causing internal bleeding

Front 24

dermis

Back 24

the inner layer of the skin found below the epidermis; rich in blood vessels and nerves

Front 25

dressing

Back 25

any material used to cover a wound in an effort to control bleeding and prevent contamination

Front 26

epidermis

Back 26

the outer layer of the skin

Front 27

full-thickness burn

Back 27

a burn in which all the layers of the skin are damaged; also called a third-degree burn; usually an area of the skin that is charred black or an area that is dry and white

Front 28

hematoma

Back 28

a swelling caused by the collection of blood under the skin or in damaged tissues as a result of an injured or broken blood vessel

Front 29

laceration

Back 29

a cut

Front 30

occlusive dressing

Back 30

any dressing that forms an airtight seal

Front 31

open wound

Back 31

an injury in which the skin is interrupted, exposing the tissue beneath

Front 32

partial-thickness burn

Back 32

a burn in which the epidermis is burned through and the dermis is damaged. Burns of this type cause reddening, blistering and a mottled appearance; also called a second degree burn

Front 33

puncture wound

Back 33

an open wound that tears through the skin and destroys underlying tissues. A penetrating puncture wound can be shallow or deep. A perforating puncture wound has both an entrance and an exit wound.

Front 34

rule of nines

Back 34

A method for estimating the extent of a burn. Adult: each of the following is 9% of the body surface: head/neck, each upper extremity, chest, abdomen, upper back, lower back/buttocks, front of each lower extremity, back of each lower extremity. Remaining 1% is genital area.

Front 35

rule of palm

Back 35

a method for estimating the extent of a burn; the palm of a patient's hand, which equals about 1% of the body's surface area, is compared to the patient's burn to estimate the size of the burn

Front 36

subcutaneous layers

Back 36

the layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis

Front 37

superficial burn

Back 37

a burn that involves only the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin. It is characterized by reddening of the skin and perhaps some swelling. A common example is a sunburn. Commonly called a first degree burn.

Front 38

universal dressing

Back 38

a bulky dressing

Front 39

tension pneumothorax

Back 39

type of pneumothorax in which air that enters the chest cavity is prevented from escaping

Front 40

sucking chest wound

Back 40

open chest wound in which air is "sucked" into the chest cavity

Front 41

evisceration

Back 41

an intestine or other internal organ protruding through a wound in the abdomen

Front 42

flail chest

Back 42

fracture of two or more adjacent ribs in two or more places that allows for free movement of the fractured segment

Front 43

pneumothorax

Back 43

air in the chest cavity

Front 44

paradoxical motion

Back 44

movement of ribs in a flail segment in a direction that is opposite to the direction of movement of the rest of the chest cavity

Front 45

angulated fracture

Back 45

a fracture in which the broken bone segments are at an angle to each other

Front 46

cartilage

Back 46

tough tissue that covers the joint ends and bones and helps to form certain body parts, such as the outer ear

Front 47

closed extremity injury

Back 47

an injury to an extremity with no associated opening in the skin

Front 48

comminuted fracture

Back 48

a fracture in which the bone is broken in several places

Front 49

compartment syndrome

Back 49

injury caused when tissue sch as blood vessels and nerves are constricted within a space as a result of swelling or because of a tight dressing or cast

Front 50

crepitus

Back 50

a grating sensation or sound that is made when fractured bone ends rub together

Front 51

dislocation

Back 51

the disruption or "coming apart" of a joint

Front 52

fracture

Back 52

any break in the bone

Front 53

greenstick fracture

Back 53

an incomplete, or partial thickness, fracture

Front 54

ligaments

Back 54

connective tissues that connect bone to bone

Front 55

manual traction

Back 55

the process of applying tension to straighten and realign a fractured limb before splinting; also called tension

Front 56

open extremity injury

Back 56

an extremity injury in which the skin has been broken or torn through from the inside by an injured bone or from the outside by something that has caused a penetrating wound with associated injury to the bone

Front 57

sprain

Back 57

the stretching or tearing of ligaments

Front 58

strain

Back 58

muscle injury caused by overstretching or overexertion of the muscle

Front 59

tendons

Back 59

tissues that bind muscles and bones

Front 60

traction splint

Back 60

a splint that applies constant pull along the length of the lower extremity to help stabilize the fractured bone and to reduce muscles spasms in the limb; used primarily on femoral fractures

Front 61

autonomic nervous system

Back 61

controls involuntary functions

Front 62

central nervous system

Back 62

the brain and spinal cord

Front 63

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Back 63

the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord

Front 64

concussion

Back 64

mild closed head injury without detectable damage to the brain; complete recovery usually expected

Front 65

brain contusion

Back 65

in brain injuries, a bruise to the brain caused when the force of a blow to the head is great enough to rupture blood vessels

Front 66

cranium

Back 66

the bony structure that makes up the forehead and the top, back, and upper sides of the skill

Front 67

dermatome

Back 67

an area of skin that is innervated by a single spinal nerve

Front 68

foramen magnum

Back 68

the opening at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes

Front 69

brain hematoma

Back 69

in a head injury, a collection of blood within the skull or brain

Front 70

brain herniation

Back 70

pushing of a portion of the brain through the foramen magnum as a result of increased intracranial pressure

Front 71

intracranial pressure (ICP)

Back 71

pressure inside the skull

Front 72

brain laceration

Back 72

in brain injuries, a cut to the brain

Front 73

malar

Back 73

the cheek bone; also called the zygomatic bone / arch

Front 74

mandible

Back 74

the lower jaw bone

Front 75

maxillae

Back 75

the two fused bones that form the upper jaw

Front 76

nasal bones

Back 76

the bones that form the upper third, or bridge, of the nose

Front 77

nervous system

Back 77

provides overall control of thought, sensation, and the voluntary and involuntary motor functions of the body; the major components are the brain and spinal cord

Front 78

neurogenic shock

Back 78

a state of shock caused by nerve paralysis that is sometimes caused by spinal injuries

Front 79

orbits

Back 79

the bony structures around the eyes; the eye sockets

Front 80

spinous process

Back 80

the bony bump on the vertebra

Front 81

temporal bone

Back 81

the bone that forms part of the sides of the skull and the floor of the cranial cavity

Front 82

temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Back 82

the movable joint formed between the mandible and the temporal bones

Front 83

ataxic respirations

Back 83

a pattern of irregular and unpredictable breathing commonly caused by brain injury

Front 84

central neurogenic hyperventilation

Back 84

a pattern of rapid and deep breathing caused by brain injury

Front 85

Cheyne-Stokes breathing

Back 85

a distinct pattern of breathing characterized by quickening and deepening respirations followed by a period of apnea

Front 86

trauma score

Back 86

a way of evaluating trauma patients according to a numerical rating system to determine the severity of the patient's trauma

Front 87

active rewarming

Back 87

application of an external heat source to rewarm the body of a hypothermic patient

Front 88

air embolism

Back 88

gas bubble in the bloodstream

Front 89

central rewarming

Back 89

application of heat to the lateral chest, neck, armpits, and groin to a hypothermic patient

Front 90

conduction

Back 90

the transfer of heat from one material to another through direct contact

Front 91

convection

Back 91

carrying away of heat by currents of air, water or other gases or liquids

Front 92

decompression sickness

Back 92

a condition resulting from nitrogen trapped in the body's tissues, caused by coming up too quickly from a deep, prolonged dive. One of the symptoms is the "bends" or deep pain the the muscles and joints

Front 93

drowning

Back 93

the process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/immersion in liquid, which may result in death, morbidity (illness/ adverse effects) or no morbidity

Front 94

evaporation

Back 94

the change from liquid to gas. When the body perspires or gets wet, evaporation of the liquid into the air has a cooling effect on the body

Front 95

hyperthermia

Back 95

an increase in body temperature above normal, which is a life-threatening condition in its extreme

Front 96

hypothermia

Back 96

generalized cooling that reduces body temperature below normal, which is a life-threatening condition in its extreme

Front 97

local cooling

Back 97

cooling or freezing of particular (local) parts of the body

Front 98

passive rewarming

Back 98

covering a hypothermic patient and taking other steps to prevent further heat loss and help the body rewarm itself

Front 99

radiation

Back 99

sending out energy, such as heat, in waves into space

Front 100

toxins

Back 100

substances produced by animals and plants that are poisonous to humans

Front 101

venom

Back 101

a toxin produced by certain animals such as snakes, spiders, and some marine life forms

Front 102

water chill

Back 102

chilling caused by conduction of heat from the body when the body or clothing is wet

Front 103

wind chill

Back 103

chilling caused by convection of heat from the body in the presence of air currents

Front 104

abortion

Back 104

spontaneous (miscarriage) or induced termination of pregnancy

Front 105

abruptio placentae

Back 105

a condition in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall; a cause of prebirth bleeding

Front 106

afterbirth

Back 106

the placenta, membranes of the amniotic sac, part of the umbilical cord and some tissues from the lining of the uterus that are delivered after the birth of the baby

Front 107

amniotic sac

Back 107

the "bag of waters" that surrounds the developing fetus

Front 108

Braxton-Hicks contractions

Back 108

irregular prelabor contractions of the uterus

Front 109

breech presentation

Back 109

when the baby's buttocks or both legs appear first during birth

Front 110

cephalic presentation

Back 110

normal, head-first presentation of the baby during birth

Front 111

cervix

Back 111

the neck of the uterus at the entrance to the birth canal

Front 112

crowning

Back 112

when part of the baby is visible through the vaginal opening

Front 113

eclampsia

Back 113

a severe complication of pregnancy the produces seizures and coma

Front 114

ectopic pregnancy

Back 114

when implantation of the fertilized egg is not in the body of the uterus, occurring instead in the fallopian tube, cervix, or abdominopelvic cavity

Front 115

embryo

Back 115

the baby from fertilization to 8 weeks of development

Front 116

fetus

Back 116

the baby from 8 weeks of development to birth

Front 117

induced abortion

Back 117

expulsion of a fetus as a result of deliberate actions taken to stop the pregnancy

Front 118

lightening

Back 118

the sensation of the fetus moving from high in the abdomen to low in the birth canal

Front 119

limb presentation

Back 119

when a infant's limb protrudes from the vagina before the appearance of any other body part

Front 120

meconium staining

Back 120

amniotic fluid that is greenish or brownish-yellow rather than clear as a result of fetal defecation; an indication of possible maternal or fetal distress during labor

Front 121

mons pubis

Back 121

soft tissue that covers the pubic symphysis; area where hair grows when a woman reaches puberty

Front 122

neonate

Back 122

a newly born infant less than one month old

Front 123

perineum

Back 123

surface area between the vagina and anus

Front 124

placenta

Back 124

organ of pregnancy where exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes occurs between a mother and fetus

Front 125

placenta previa

Back 125

a condition in which the placenta is formed in an abnormal location (low in the uterus and close to or over the cervical opening) that will not allow for a normal delivery of the fetus; a cause of excessive prebirth bleeding

Front 126

preeclampsia

Back 126

a complication of pregnancy in which the woman retains large amounts of fluid and has hypertension; may also experience seizures and / or coma during birth, which is very dangerous to the infant

Front 127

premature infant

Back 127

any newborn weighing less than 5.5 pounds or born before the 37th week of pregnancy

Front 128

prolapsed umbilical cord

Back 128

when the umbilical cord presents first and is squeezed between the vaginal wall and the baby's head

Front 129

spontaneous abortion / miscarriage

Back 129

when the fetus and placenta deliver before the 28th week of pregnancy

Front 130

stillborn

Back 130

born dead

Front 131

supine hypotensive syndrome

Back 131

dizziness and a drop in blood pressure caused when a mother is in a supine position and the weight of the uterus, infant, placenta and amniotic fluid compress the inferior vena cava, reducing the return of blood to the heart and cardiac output

Front 132

fontanelles

Back 132

soft spots on an infant's scalp formed by the joining of not-yet-fused bones of the skull

Front 133

retraction

Back 133

pulling in of the skin and soft tissue between the ribs when breathing; typically a sign of respiratory distress in children

Front 134

gravida

Back 134

Total number of pregnancies

Front 135

para

Back 135

Number of deliveries after 20 weeks (usually live births)

Front 136

Geriatric

Back 136

Of or pertaining to a patient who is 65 years or older

Front 137

Dysrhythmia

Back 137

Abnormal heart rhythm

Front 138

Autism spectrum disorders

Back 138

Developmental disorders that affect, among other things, the ability to communicate, report medical conditions, self regulate behavior, and interact with others

Front 139

Automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator (AICD)

Back 139

A device implanted under the skin that can detect life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias and respond by delivering one or more high energy shocks to correct the rhythm

Front 140

Bariatrics

Back 140

The branch of medicine that deals with the causes, prevention and treatment of obesity

Front 141

Central IV catheter

Back 141

A catheter that is surgically inserted for long term delivery of medications or fluids into the central circulation

Front 142

CPAP

Back 142

A device worn by a patient that blows oxygen or air under constant low pressure through a tube and mask to keep airway passages from collapsing at the end of a breath

Front 143

Dialysis

Back 143

The process of filtering blood to remove toxic or unwanted wastes and fluids

Front 144

Disability

Back 144

A physical, emotional, behavioral, or cognitive condition that interferes with the person's ability to carry out everyday tasks such as working or carrying for oneself

Front 145

Feeding tube

Back 145

A tube used to provide delivery of nutrients to the stomach. A nasogastric tube is inserted into the stomach; a gastric feeding tube is surgically implanted through the abdominal wall and into the stomach

Front 146

Left ventricular assist device (LVAD)

Back 146

A battery powered mechanical pump that is implanted into the body to assist a failing left ventricle in pumping blood to the body

Front 147

Obesity

Back 147

A condition of having too much body day, defined as a body mass index of greater than 30

Front 148

Ostomy bag

Back 148

An external pouch that collects fecal matter diverted from the colon or ileum through a surgical opening (colostomy or ileostomy) in the abdominal wall

Front 149

Pacemaker

Back 149

A device that is implanted under the skin with wires implanted into the heart to modify the heart rate sad needed to maintain an adequate heart rate

Front 150

Stoma

Back 150

A surgically created opening into the body

Front 151

Tracheostomy

Back 151

A surgical opening in the neck into the trachea

Front 152

Urinary catheter

Back 152

A tube inserted into the bladder through the urethra to drain urine from the bladder

Front 153

Ventilator

Back 153

A device that breathes for the patient