Emt Mlrems 5.0: Bls Pharmacology

Front 1

5.1 Activated Charcoal (WIthout Sorbitol)

Back 1

a) Indications
Poisoning by mouth
b) Adverse Effects
May indirectly induce vomiting and cause nausea
c) Precautions
Does not absorb all drugs and toxic substances
d) Contraindications
(1) Altered mental status
(2) Patients who have received an emetic
Preparations and Dosage?

Hint 1

e) Preparations
(1) 25 grams/125 mL bottle
(2) 50 grams/250 mL bottle
f) Dosage
(1) Adult:
Administer 50 grams
(2) Pediatric:
Administer 2 grams/kg (Max 50g)

Front 2

5.2 Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)

Back 2

a) Indications
(1) Signs and symptoms of respiratory distress
(2) Bronchospasm/wheezing associated with Asthma
b) Adverse Effects
(1) Tachycardia/ Palpitations
(2) Hypertension
(3) Angina
(4) Nervousness/ Anxiety
(5) Tremors
(6) Dizziness
(7) Headache
(8) Sweating
(9) Nausea/ Vomiting
(10) Sore throat
c) Precautions
(1) May cause severe bronchospasm from repeated excessive use.
(2) Patient must have his/her own physician-prescribed hand-held aerosol inhaler.
d) Contraindications
(1) Known hypersensitivity
(2) Albuterol not prescribed for the patient
Preparations and Dosage?

Hint 2

e) Preparations
2.5mg/3mL (0.083%) solution
f) Dosage
(1) Adult:
5 mg via nebulizer may repeat once
(2) Pediatric:
2.5 mg via nebulizer may repeat once

Front 3

5.3 Aspirin

Back 3

a) Indications
Non-traumatic chest pain
b) Adverse Effects
(1) Heartburn
(2) Nausea and vomiting
(3) Wheezing
c) Precautions
GI bleeding and upset
d) Contraindications
Known hypersensitivity
Preparations and Dosage?

Hint 3

e) Preparations
81 mg tablets
f) Dosage
(1) Adult:
324 mg chewed (4 tablets)
(2) Pediatric:
Not Indicated

Front 4

5.4 Epinephrine Auto-Injector

Back 4

a) Indications
Moderate to severe allergic reaction with respiratory distress, shock or airway swelling
b) Adverse Effects
(1) Tachycardia / Palpitations
(2) Angina
(3) Headache
(4) Nausea / vomiting
(5) Dizziness
(6) Hypertension
(7) Nervousness / Anxiety
(8) Tremors
c) Precautions
Unless in severe allergic reaction or severe asthma, medical consultation should be obtained before
administering to pregnant or cardiac patients
d) Contraindications
None in the presence of anaphylaxis
Preparations and Dosage?

Hint 4

e) Preparations
Epinephrine Auto-injector only (Patient prescribed or EMS service authorized)
(1) Adult: 0.3 mg (EpiPen)
(2) Pediatric: 0.15 mg (EpiPen Jr.)
f) Dosage
(1) Patients greater or equal to 30 kg (66lbs):
Adult Auto-injector: 0.3 mg IM
(2) Patients less than 30 kg (66lbs):
Pediatric Auto-injector: 0.15 mg IM

Front 5

5.5 Nitroglycerin

Back 5

a) Indications
(1) Patient must have own prescribed sublingual nitroglycerin.
(2) Chest pain
b) Adverse Effects
(1) Hypotension
(2) Headache
(3) Dizziness
(4) Tachycardia
c) Precautions
(1) Reassess blood pressure before and after administration.
(2) If systolic blood pressure drops more than 20 mmHg, obtain medical consultation before further
administration.
d) Contraindications
(1) Blood pressure below 120 mmHg systolic
(2) Heart rate less than 60 bpm or greater than 130 bpm
(3) Medication not prescribed for the patient
(4) Pediatric patient
(5) Any patient having taken medication for erectile dysfunction (e.g., Viagra™, Levitra™, or Cialis™) within the
past 72 hours. Medical consultation is required to override this contraindication.
Preparations and Dosage?

Hint 5

e) Preparations
0.4 mg sublingual tablet
f) Dosage
(1) Adult:
One tablet sublingually
(a) Repeat in 3 to 5 minutes if chest pain persists
(b) Maximum of three doses (a combination of patient-administered and EMT-B-administered)
(2) Pediatric:
Not Indicated

Front 6

5.6 Oral Glucose

Back 6

a) Indications
(1) Altered mental status with patent airway and known diabetic history
b) Adverse Effects
Not clinically significant
c) Precautions
Patient without gag reflex may aspirate.
d) Contraindications
Inability to speak
Preparations and Dosage?

Hint 6

e) Preparations
10-15 grams of glucose (contained in 24, 30, or 37.5 gram tube)
f) Dosage
(1) Adult:
Administer 10-15 grams of glucose paste between the gum and cheek.
(2) Pediatric:
Administer 10-15 grams of glucose paste between the gum and cheek; this may be accomplished through
several small administrations.

Front 7

5.7 Oxygen

Back 7

a) Indications
All medical and trauma patients
b) Adverse Effects
High concentrations of oxygen will reduce the respiratory drive in some COPD patients; these patients should
be carefully monitored.
c) Precautions
(1) Never withhold oxygen from those who need it.
(2) Oxygen should be given with caution to patients with COPD.
(3) Nasal cannula should not be used with more than 6 lpm.
(4) Non-rebreather face masks must be supplied with a minimum 12 lpm.
d) Contraindications
None
Preparations and Dosage?

Hint 7

e) Dosage
(1) Adult:
Administer per protocol
(2) Pediatric:
Administer per protocol