Emt-I Exam 1

Front 1

Standards of right or honorable behavior

Back 1

Ethics

Front 2

refers to good manners

Back 2

Etiquette

Front 3

Expanded roles in the future of Paramedics:

Back 3

Critical Care Transport
Primary Care
Industrial Medicine
Sports Medicine

Front 4

asks whether you would be willing to undergo this procedure or action if you were in the patient’s place

Back 4

Impartiality Test:

Front 5

asks whether you would want this action performed in all relevantly similar circumstances

Back 5

Universalizability Test:

Front 6

Comprehensive network of personnel, equipment, and resources established to deliver aid and emergency medical care to the community.
Made up of both out-of hospital and in-hospital components

Back 6

EMS System

Front 7

Members of the community who are trained in first aid and CPR
Communications system
EMS Providers, including paramedics
Fire/rescue and hazardous-materials services

Back 7

Out-of Hospital Components

Front 8

Emergency nurses
Emergency physicians and specialty physicians
Ancillary services, such as radiology and respiratory therapy

Back 8

In-hospital Components

Front 9

BLS only
ALS only
Tiered Response

Back 9

Response Modes

Front 10

established by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).
Defines the elements necessary to all EMS systems

Back 10

1988 – Statewide EMS Technical Assessment Program

Front 11

physician who is legally responsible for all clinical and patient-care aspects of the system.

Back 11

Medical Director:

Front 12

medical director’s designated agents, regardless of who their employers may be.

Back 12

Prehospital providers

Front 13

Refers to a medical policies, procedures, and practices that a system physician has set up in advance of a call.

Back 13

Off – Line Medical Direction

Front 14

Occurs when direct orders are given to a prehospital care provider

Back 14

On-Line Medical Direction

Front 15

Policies and procedures of all components of an EMS system

Back 15

Protocols

Front 16

4 “Ts” of Trauma

Back 16

Triage;
Treatment;
Transport;
Transfer

Front 17

Heart of a regional EMS system

Back 17

Communications

Front 18

process by which an agency or association grants recognition to an individual who has met its qualifications

Back 18

Certification

Front 19

process of occupational regulation. Governmental agency grants permission to engage in a given trade or profession to an applicant who has attained the degree of competency required to ensure the public’s protection

Back 19

Licensure

Front 20

process by which an agency grants automatic certification or licensure to an individual who has comparable certification or licensure from another agency.

Back 20

Reciprocity

Front 21

EMS personnel are filling a growing number of nontraditional roles:

Back 21

Critical-care transport
Industrial or occupational EMS
Tactical EMS
Primary Care

Front 22

Program is primarily designed to maintain continuous monitoring and measurement of the quality of clinical care delivered to patients.

Back 22

Quality Assurance

Front 23

Ongoing effort to refine and improve the system in order to provide the highest level of service

Back 23

Quality Improvement

Front 24

principles that identify desirable conduct by members of a particular group

Back 24

Ethical standards

Front 25

deals with crime and punishment

Back 25

Criminal Law

Front 26

branch of civil law, deals with civil wrongs. One individual against another (negligence, medical malpractice, etc…)

Back 26

Tort Law

Front 27

deals with noncriminal issues

Back 27

Civil Law

Front 28

Range of duties and skills paramedics are allowed and expected to perform.

Back 28

Scope of Practice

Front 29

refers to the recognition granted to an individual who has met predetermined qualifications to participate in a certain activity

Back 29

Certification

Front 30

process used to regulate occupations. Grants permission to an individual who meets established qualifications to engage in a particular profession or occupation.

Back 30

Licensure

Front 31

provide immunity to people who assist at the scene of a medical emergency

Back 31

Good Samaritan Laws

Front 32

defined as a deviation from accepted standards of care recognized by law for the protection of others against the unreasonable risk of harm.

Back 32

Negligence

Front 33

Negligence to be valid what must be established and proved:

Back 33

Duty to act
Breach of that duty
Actual damages to the patient
Proximate cause

Front 34

performance of a wrongful or unlawful act

Back 34

Malfeasance

Front 35

performance of a legal act in a manner that is harmful or injurious

Back 35

Misfeasance

Front 36

failure to perform a required act or duty

Back 36

Nonfeasance

Front 37

Occurs when a person makes an intentional false communication that injures another person’s reputation or good name.

Back 37

Defamation

Front 38

act of injuring a person’s character, name, or reputation by false statements made in writing or through the mass media with malicious intent or reckless disregard for the falsity of those statements

Back 38

Libel

Front 39

granting of permission to treat

Back 39

consent

Front 40

act of injuring a person’s character, name, or reputation by false or malicious statements spoken with malicious intent or reckless disregard for the falsity of those statements.

Back 40

Slander

Front 41

Consent given based on full disclosure of information

Back 41

Informed

Front 42

Person directly grants permission to treat – verbally, non-verbally, or in writing.

Back 42

Expressed

Front 43

unconscious patient. When patient mentally, physically or emotionally unable to grant consent.

Back 43

Implied

Front 44

Court will order patients to undergo treatment, even though they may not want it.

Back 44

Involuntary

Front 45

termination of the paramedic-patient relationship without providing for the appropriate continuation of care while it is still needed and desired by the patient

Back 45

Abandonment

Front 46

unlawfully placing a person in apprehension of immediate bodily harm without his consent.

Back 46

Assault

Front 47

unlawful touching of another individual without his consent.

Back 47

Battery

Front 48

may be charged by a patient who is transported without consent or who is restrained without proper justification or authority.

Back 48

False Imprisonment:

Front 49

document created to ensure that certain treatment choices are honored when a patient is unconscious or unable to express his choice of treatments.

Back 49

Advance Directives

Front 50

depends on the amount of force necessary to ensure that the patient does not cause injury to himself, you, or others.

Back 50

Reasonable Force

Front 51

refers to the conduct or qualities that characterize a practitioner in a particular field or occupation

Back 51

Professionalism

Front 52

refers to the existence of a specialized body of knowledge or skills

Back 52

Profession

Front 53

rules or standards that govern the conduct of members of a particular group or profession

Back 53

Ethics

Front 54

Ability to identify with and understand the circumstances, feelings, and motives of others.

Back 54

Empathy

Front 55

requires the paramedic to place the interest of the patient or team ahead of his own interests.

Back 55

Diplomacy

Front 56

To show – and feel – deferential regard, consideration, and appreciation for others.

Back 56

Respect

Front 57

generally considered to be social, religious, or personal standards or right and wrong.

Back 57

Morals

Front 58

more often refers to the rules or standards that govern the conduct of members of a particular group or profession, and how our institutions should function

Back 58

Ethics

Front 59

each person must decide how to behave and whatever decision that person makes is okay.

Back 59

Ethical Relativism

Front 60

people should just fulfill their duties

Back 60

Deontological Method

Front 61

actions can be judged as good or bad only after we know the consequences of those actions

Back 61

Consequentialism

Front 62

The single most important question a paramedic has to answer when faced with an ethical challenge is

Back 62

“What is in the patient’s best interest?”

Front 63

actually doing good

Back 63

Beneficence

Front 64

means doing harm

Back 64

Maleficence

Front 65

“First do no harm.”

Back 65

primum non nocere

Front 66

primum non nocere

Back 66

“First do no harm.”

Front 67

refers to a competent adult patient’s right to determine what happens to his own body, including treatment for medical illnesses and injuries

Back 67

Autonomy

Front 68

refers to the paramedic’s obligation to treat all patients fairly.

Back 68

Justice

Front 69

asks whether you would want this action performed in all relevantly similar circumstances

Back 69

Universalizability Test

Front 70

asks whether you can defend or justify your actions to others

Back 70

Interpersonal Justifiability Test

Front 71

Impartiality Test

Back 71

asks whether you would be willing to undergo this procedure or action if you were in the patient’s place

Front 72

actually doing good

Back 72

Beneficence

Front 73

means doing harm

Back 73

Maleficence

Front 74

“First do no harm.”

Back 74

primum non nocere

Front 75

primum non nocere

Back 75

“First do no harm.”

Front 76

refers to a competent adult patient’s right to determine what happens to his own body, including treatment for medical illnesses and injuries

Back 76

Autonomy

Front 77

refers to the paramedic’s obligation to treat all patients fairly.

Back 77

Justice

Front 78

asks whether you would want this action performed in all relevantly similar circumstances

Back 78

Universalizability Test

Front 79

asks whether you can defend or justify your actions to others

Back 79

Interpersonal Justifiability Test

Front 80

Impartiality Test

Back 80

asks whether you would be willing to undergo this procedure or action if you were in the patient’s place

Front 81

Study of the factors that influence the frequency, distribution, and causes of injury, disease, and other health-related events in a population

Back 81

Epidemiology

Front 82

refers to the intentional or unintentional damage to a person resulting from acute exposure to thermal, mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy or from the absence of such essentials as heat and oxygen

Back 82

injury

Front 83

occurs shortly after an injury when the patient and observers remain acutely aware of what has happened and may be more receptive

Back 83

teachable moment

Front 84

keeping an injury from ever occurring.

Back 84

Primary Prevention

Front 85

medical care and rehabilitation that help to prevent further problems from occurring

Back 85

Secondary Prevention/Tertiary Prevention

Front 86

Always your first priority

Back 86

Scene Safety

Front 87

active exercise performed against stable resistance, where muscles are exercised in a motionless manner.

Back 87

Isometric

Front 88

active exercise during which muscles are worked through their range of motion.

Back 88

Isotonic

Front 89

5 major food groups

Back 89

Grains/breads
Vegetables
Fruits
Dairy products
Meat/fish

Front 90

Caused by pathogens such as bacteria and viruses

Back 90

Infectious Disease

Front 91

Safeguards that consider the blood and body fluids of every patient you treat as infectious.

Back 91

BSI

Front 92

Most important infection-control practice

Back 92

handwashing

Front 93

5 predictable stages of loss

Back 93

Denial, or “not me”
Anger, or “why me?”
Bargaining, or “OK, but first let me”
Depression, or “OK, but I haven’t
Acceptance, or “OK, I’m not afraid

Front 94

the nonspecific response of the body to any demand

Back 94

Stress

Front 95

a hardship or strain, or a physical or emotional response to a stimulus

Back 95

Stress

Front 96

Stimulus that causes stress is known as a

Back 96

stressor

Front 97

Stress of a negative effect

Back 97

distress

Front 98

Stress of a positive effect

Back 98

eustress

Front 99

Adapting to stress is an evolving process:
Defensive strategies

Back 99

distort the reality

Front 100

Three phases of a stress response

Back 100

Alarm: “fight-or-flight” phenomenon
Resistance: begins to cope with the stress
Exhaustion: prolonged exposure to the same stressor. Decreases ability to resist and adapt.

Front 101

TRUE OR FALSE: Recent evidence has shown that CISM/CISD methods DO NOT appear to mitigate the effects of traumatic stress.
These methods may interfere with the normal grieving process and should not be used.

Back 101

TRUE

Front 102

All living organisms perform the same basic
functions

Back 102

Responsiveness
Growth
Reproduction
Movement
Metabolism

Front 103

Study of internal and external structure and
the physical relationships between body parts.

Back 103

anatomy

Front 104

Study of how living organisms perform their
vital functions

Back 104

PHYSIOLOGY

Front 105

2 sub-divisions of MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY

Back 105

Cytology (cells)
Histology (tissues)

Front 106

3 sud-division of GROSS ANATOMY

Back 106

Surface Anatomy
Regional Anatomy
Systemic Anatomy

Front 107

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

Back 107

Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
System
Organism

Front 108

the basic structural units of all plants and animals

Back 108

Cell

Front 109

Cytology

Back 109

study of cells

Front 110

cell membrane/plasma membrane is the outer covering that encircles and protects the cell is

Back 110

selectively permeable, or semipermeable

Front 111

the thick, viscous fluid that fills and gives shape to the cell,

Back 111

cytoplasm

Front 112

Structures that perform specific functions within the cell

Back 112

organelles

Front 113

6 of the most important organelles

Back 113

the nucleus, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi ap-paratus, mitochondria, lysosomes, and peroxisomes

Front 114

contains the genetic material,

Back 114

nucleus

Front 115

is a network of small channels that has both rough and smooth portions.

Back 115

endoplasmic reticulum

Front 116

7 major functions of cells

Back 116

movement, secretion, conductivity, excretion, respiration, reproduction, metabolic absorption

Front 117

tissue

Back 117

a group of cells that perform a similar function.

Front 118

4 basic types of tissue:

Back 118

epithelial,
connective,
muscle,
neural

Front 119

3 types of connective tissue:

Back 119

proper CT,
fluid CT,
supporting CT

Front 120

3 types of muscle tissue:

Back 120

smooth (involuntary),
cardiac,
skeletal (voluntary)

Front 121

2 supporting connective tissue

Back 121

cartilage & bone

Front 122

2 muscles which are striated

Back 122

cardiac & skeletal

Front 123

It transports nutrients and other essential ele-ments to all parts of the body.

Back 123

cardiovascular system

Front 124

It provides oxygen to the body, while removing carbon dioxide and other waste products.

Back 124

respiratory system consists of the lungs and associated structures.

Front 125

It takes in complex nutrients and breaks them down into a form that can be readily used by the body. It also aids in the elimination of excess wastes.

Back 125

The gastrointestinal system consists of the mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, rectum, and anus

Front 126

It is important in the elimination of various waste products. It also plays a major role in the regulation of water, electrolytes, blood pressure, and other essential body functions.

Back 126

The genitourinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

Front 127

It is important in fighting disease, in filtration, and in removing waste products of cellular metabolism.

Back 127

lymphatic system. It consists of the spleen, lymph nodes, lymphatic channels, thoracic duct, and the lymph fluid itself

Front 128

is responsible for movement, posture, and heat production.

Back 128

muscular system

Front 129

It provides for support, protection, and movement. The bone marrow is the site for production of various blood cells, including the red blood cells and certain types of white blood cells.

Back 129

skeletal system consists of the bones, cartilage, and associated connective tissue

Front 130

the natural tendency of the body to maintain a steady and normal internal environment.

Back 130

homeostasis

Front 131

is the term used to refer to the building up ( anabolism) and breaking down ( catabolism) of biochemical substances to produce energy.

Back 131

Metabolism

Front 132

4 types of PASSIVE TRANSPORT

Back 132

Diffusion
Osmosis
Filtration
Facilitated Diffusion

Front 133

Require that the cell expend energy, usually in the form of ATP

Back 133

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Front 134

Water and small solute molecules are forced
across a membrane because of a hydrostatic
pressure gradient.

Back 134

Filtration

Front 135

Is the packaging of extracellular materials in a vesicle at the cell surface for importation into the cell.

Back 135

ENDOCYTOSIS

Front 136

2 TYPES OF ENDOCYTOSIS

Back 136

1. Pinocytosis
2. Phagocytosis

Front 137

5 Blood components

Back 137

1. Red Blood Cells
2. Plasma
3. White Blood Cells
4. Platelets
5. Vessels

Front 138

Lymph components

Back 138

1. Lymphatics
2. Lymphocytes

Front 139

Four Membranes: (tissue level)

Back 139

1. Mucous membranes
2. Serous membranes
3. Cutaneous membrane
4. Synovial membranes

Front 140

Two Types Neural Tissue:
1. Neuron
2. Neuroglia

Back 140

1. Neuron
2. Neuroglia

Front 141

IONS:

Back 141

molecules/elements that have a
positive or negative charge.

Front 142

ANIONS:

Back 142

negative charge

Front 143

CATIONS:

Back 143

positive charge

Front 144

MAJOR EXTRACELLULAR CATION:

Back 144

Na+ (sodium)

Front 145

MAJOR EXTRACELLULAR ANION:

Back 145

Cl- (chloride)

Front 146

MAJOR INTRACELLULAR CATION:

Back 146

K+ (potassium) / Mg+ (magnesium)

Front 147

MAJOR INTRACELLULAR ANION

Back 147

Phosphates

Front 148

Normal arterial pH:

Back 148

7.35 - 7.45

Front 149

ACID-BASE BUFFERS

Back 149

Bicarbonate System
Respiratory System
Renal System

Front 150

Thrombocytes

Back 150

Platelets

Front 151

FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD

Back 151

Transportation
Regulation of pH
Restriction of fluid losses
Defense
Stabilize body temperature

Front 152

Plasma Proteins:

Back 152

Albumin
Globulins
Fibrinogen

Front 153

Albumin

Back 153

60% of plasma proteins.

Play a major role in osmotic pressure of the
plasma.

Front 154

Globulins

Back 154

35% of plasma proteins.
Include:
Immunoglobulins - antibodies
Transport proteins - binds and transports elements that would be filtered out of the blood at the kidneys

Front 155

Fibrinogen

Back 155

Clotting reaction.
Fibrinogen binds and forms insoluble strands
of fibrin.

Front 156

hemopoiesis

Back 156

RBC’s and WBC’s
Production of formed elements

Front 157

binds and transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

Back 157

hemoglobin

Front 158

erythrocytes

Back 158

RBC

Front 159

RBC PRODUCTION IN BONE MARROW

Back 159

ERYTHROPOIESIS

Front 160

Leukocytes

Back 160

WBC

Front 161

WBC Divided into two groups:

Back 161

1. Granulocytes
2. Agranulocytes (non granulated)

Front 162

THREE TYPES OF Granulocytes

Back 162

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

Front 163

TWO TYPES OF Agranulocytes

Back 163

Monocytes
Lymphocytes

Front 164

Specific immunity -

Back 164

lymphocytes