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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pulmonary Embolism
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the blockage of a pulmonary artery by a clot.
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A ________ forms in a deep vein and then dislodges and _______ through the venous circulation.
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clot (thrombus)
travels (embolizes) |
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Where does the blockage of an emboli most likely occur?
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Blocks perfusion of the alveoli
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The affected area becomes ischemic and may result in a
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Pulmonary infract
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Mortality rate for PE is?
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<10 % but accounts for 5% of all sudden death cases.
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Anatomy and Physiology
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Right Heart---Pulmonary Artery
Lungs--- Pulmonary Vein---Left Heart |
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__1___ diffuses from the alveoli into the pulmonary capillaries and then binds with ___2___ to form ___3___
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1) Oxygen
2) Hemoglobin 3) Oxyhemoglobin |
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Ventilation
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the physical movement of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) in and out of the body.
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Respiration
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the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the environment and the cells of the body.
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Oxygenation
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The delivery of oxygen to the cells of the body.
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Respiratory Pathophysiology (3)
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Ventilation, Diffusion, Perfusion problem
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Examples of Diffusion Problems
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Low Oxygen
Structural alveolar injury (blebs) Interstitial fluid accumulation |
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Examples of Ventilation Problem
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Upper Airway obstruction
Lowers airway obstruction Chest wall injury Loss of neurological control |
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Examples of Perfusion Problems
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Inadequate blood volume
Inadequate hemoglobin levels Impaired circulatory blood flow (PE) |
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Is cyanosis a late or early sign of respiratory distress?
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Late
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General Impression what position suggests moderate to server respiratory distress?
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Tripod
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Patients in tachycardia is a sign of what?
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Hypoxemia
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Thick green or brown sputum suggest?
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Infection or possibly pneumonia
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Sputum that is yellow or pale gray may be caused by?
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allergy or inflammation
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Pink frothy sputum is usually associated with?
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Cardiac disease and pulmonary edema.
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What does barrel chest suggest?
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Chronic COPD
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The most common obstructive airway diseases include?
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Asthma
COPD Emphysema Chronic Bronchitis |
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What are factors that exacerbate underlying conditions?
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Stress
Infection Exercise External stimuli: smoking, drugs, allergens, occupational hazards |
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The underlying pathophysiology in all forms of obstructive lung disease is?
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Decreased expiratory airflow (reduced ability to exhale)
Air trapping (obstruction in the smaller bronchioles |
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During ______, the airway enlarge, allowing gas to flow past any obstruction.
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Inspiration
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During______ the bronchioles naturally constrict.
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Exhalation
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Asthma is most common in whom?
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Child and young adults
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Example of Extrinsic Asthma?
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Pollen
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What causes Chronic Bronchitis
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excess mucus production
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Cor Pulmonale
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Suspected in COPD patients with
Neck vein distention Abdominal bloating Leg edema |
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Signs and Systems of obstructive lung disease
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Sitting up right
Leaning forward to breath Using Accessory Muscles Coughing Shortness of breath Anxiety and agitation Cigarette stains on finger tips |
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Common Vitals for Obstructive Airway Disease
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Tachypnea
Tachycardia Hypertension Decrease oxygen saturation |
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Wheezing consider
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COPD
CHF Pulmonary embolism Toxic Inhalation Foreign body aspiration |
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What does a silent chest mean?
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Absence of breath sounds detected during auscultation
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