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556 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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in vitro
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in glass
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in vivo
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in life
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in toto
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in total
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watt-seconds
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often referred to as joules
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volar
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front of the forearm
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VRE
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Vancomycin Resistant Entercoccus- a common intestinal bacteria that became resistant to one of our strongest antibiotics, not much of a way to treat it
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viscous
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a solution that is sticky or gummy
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vertebral arch
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the arch that is made up of the lamina
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venous blood
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70-75% saturated with oxygen, "unsaturated blood"
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unremarkable
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term used by physicians to mean there is nothing significant to point out
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transfer of command
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when an EMT transfers care to a paramedic, or when a paramedic transfers care to a RN or MD
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tort
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in civil law, a personal injury
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tonicity
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the amount of crystalloids
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tiltration
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to measure out, we give some of our medications continuously until we get the desired effect
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tilt test
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a drop of 20 mmHg in BP or a rise in 20 in pulse through the 3 steps; supine, fowlers and standing- proves hypovolemia
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tetany
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a state of strong muscular contraction, as occurs with hypocalcemia, black widow bite, or tetanus bacterium
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syndrome
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a collection of signs and symptoms that point to a single underlying problem
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surfactant
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an agent that changes surface tension, coats smaller respiratory passages to help keep them open
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stenosis
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narrowing of a passage
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sonorous
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an abnormal breath sound, cross between snoring and rhonchi
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silent MI
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often it will have other signs of a MI, just not pain
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Shock
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a rapid and progressive deterioration or depressed state of the vital body functions brought about by an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood being delivered to the tissues
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SCUBA
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regulators have a "purge" button just as most demand valves do, firefighters and jet pilots use them
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Reye's Syndrome
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it is rarely or not at all associated wit aspirin, however a handful of cases seemed to occur after aspirin was given to a child with a flew or cold
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prophylaxis
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for protection, to prevent
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precursor
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something that comes before
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pathognomonic
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closely ties to a particular disease, so frequently associated with a given condition as to be considered indicative of its presence
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parameter
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used to mean the variables, the limits, the conditions that affect w/e is being discusses
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paralysis
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loss of motor function
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osmolality
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statement about or measurement of the osmotic pressure
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nitrates (amyl)
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drug antidote for cyanide
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MRSA
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Methecillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureas- a common skin bacteria that has become resistant to the common treatment protocol
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mnemonic
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meaning a memory tool, something used to remember a list of things
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medulla
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the inner or central part of an organ
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lumen
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the inner diameter or a tube
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ischial tuberosity
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bump on the lowest part of the ischium, the bone you sit on
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intrinsic
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built in
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inotropic
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affecting the force of muscle contraction
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idiopathic
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a unique or distinct origin to a disease- usually means "unknown origin"
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hyperpnea
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abnormally deep breathing, this is an increase in depth, not rate
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hematocrit
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percentage of all solid versus liquids in the blood.
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hypertrophy
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large amounts+nourishment, increase of the volume an organ tissue due to the enlargement of its components
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heat cramps
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replaced large amounts of water without replacing sodium
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fluid resuscitation
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1000 ml run in "wide open" then another hung and reduced to TKO
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fluid challenge
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normally 250-500 ml run in IV "wide open" then reduced to TKO- in LA County this is often 10 ml/kg of body weight
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FiO2
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fractional inspired oxygen- percentage with a face mask, cannula, bvm..
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exsanguination
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to bleed massively or to bleed out
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exacerbate
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to make worse
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etiology
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the study of the cause of a disorder of disease
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endocrine
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a gland that secretes hormones directly into the blood stream to carry out an effect
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elicited
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brought forth
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diaphragmatic breathing
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breathing only with the diaphragm, not with the intercostals, inability to take deep breaths. likely indicator of a spinal cord injury to the neck
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definitive
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provide the final solution
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contiguous
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touching or in close contact
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collateral circulation
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as coronary arteries gradually become blocked, the heart opens up additional avenues for blood around the blockage
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caustic
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capable of burning tissue by chemical reaction, used to describe acid or alkali burns
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caudal
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at or near the tail end of the body, near the sacrum
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cathartic
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any kind of release, could be a bowel movement after the use of activated charcoal
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cardiac sphincter
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located right behind the heart, slit in the diaphram and is often incompetent and results in reflux of gastric contents back into the throat, "heart burn"
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bolus
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a mass given at once, meds can be given like this. Could also be a large wad of food stuck in the pharynx
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blanch
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to make pale, checking capillary refill
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biological death
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when brain cells die after the heart and lungs stop functioning, death of brain cells occurs within 4-6 min
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dysrhythmia
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w/out rhythm
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sensory aphasia
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inability to understand speech
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motor aphasia
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inability to make speech
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aphagia
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inability to swallow
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ambient
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the environmental surroundings on all sides
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altered mental status
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a change in the way a person thins and behaves that may signal disease in the CNS
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alkaline
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pH of arterial blood is 7.35-7.45 this is used when pH is above 7.45, aka basic
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air
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21% oxygen
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acute coronary syndrome
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a newer term describing a spectrum of clinical diseases that are acute, like MI and unstable angina pectoris.
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acronym
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mnemonic device that spells a word
ex: SCUBA |
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aberrant
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deviating from normal
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inspiration
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to draw into, inhalation
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infusion
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putting fluids into someone
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infiltration
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something an IV can do, when the needle comes out of the vein but remains in the arm still infusing liquids
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infant
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child older than 1 months but lss than 1 year
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incontinence
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lack of bladder or blood control, often indicates a brain or spinal cord injury
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hyperventilation
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abnormally rapid and deep respirations
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hypertrophy
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overgrowth
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hypotension
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abnormally low blood pressure
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hypertension
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abnormally high blood pressure
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hypoglycemia
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abnormally low blood sugar
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hyperglycemia
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abnormally high blood sugar
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hives
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an allergic reaction characterized by blood vessel dilation. reddening of the skin, edema, skin is raised, smooth, itchy.
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high flow oxygen
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6 LPM cannula
12 LPM face mask |
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hernia
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an injury where internal organs are pushed through an opening into an area where they do not normally occur
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hemopneomothorax
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blood and air filling the pleural space
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hemothorax
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blood filling the pleural space, a life threatening chest injury
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geriatrics
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relating to elderly patients
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gait
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a manner of walking
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fibrillation
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where the ventricles stop contracting and just quiver, no longer pumping. the heart muscle is still alive and may be saved by defibrillation. type of cardiac arrest
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febrile
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fever
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expiration
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to breath out, exhalation
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expedite
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to hurry up, to do quickly
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exacerbate
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to make worse, to increase the severity of the symptoms
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evisceration
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an open wound where internal organs are visible on the outside
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etiology
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the study of the cause of a disease
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epidemiology
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the study of the distribution of illness and injury across a population
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epistaxis
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medical word for "nosebleed"
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emphysema
subcutaneous emphysema |
"trapped air" a chronic respiratory disease
a sign of a tear in the trachea probably due to a chest injury where air is leaking out and is trapped under the skin on the chest |
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embolous
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a lump of something traveling through the blood vessels- it could be an air bubble, a fat droplet following a fx or a blood clot
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electrodes
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the "leads" placed on a patient's chest to take an ECG
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edema
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swelling of tissues due to excessive fluid in the area
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ectopic
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out of the ordinary position/ location
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dermatology
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the study of the skin, the dermis
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copious
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large amounts
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contraindicated
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a condition that renders a treatment improper or undesirable
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compromise
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in medicine it means "to make worse"
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child
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and 1 year old, under 14
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blunt trauma
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an injury that was caused by a blunt object, there is no break in the skin
ex: contusion |
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bifurcate
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to split in two, to make two branches
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atrophy
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a wasting away of tissue
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aspirate
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to suck into
ex: if we ___ water while drowning the water ends up in our lungs |
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arthritis
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an inflammation of joints
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antecubital
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in front of the elbow, place to start an IV
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algorithm
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an illustration method to summarize assessment and treatment info. they are summary and memory aids
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aggravation
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an emotional state of being angry, extremely unhappy about something
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agitation
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an emotional state of being agitated, restless, anxious, and nervous
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adjuncts
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things that help
ex: oxygen ___ assist in the delivery of oxygen |
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alkalosis
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an alkaline condition of the body, can occur w/ excessive ventilations, blowing off too much CO2
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acidosis
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an acidic condition of the body- can occur w/ decreased ventilations= not enough CO2 is eliminated and with water, CO2 becomes carbonic acid
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vertigo
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the feeling that the room is spinning
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Valsalva's Maneuver
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a way of creating high intra-thoracic pressure- will help slow down the heart, it is done by bearing down while holding one's breath or trying to exhale forcefully with a closed glottis
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urticaria
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"hives" red itchy patches on the skin indication an allergic reaction
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tinnitus
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a ringing, buzzing or hissing in the ear
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thromophlebitis
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inflammation of a vein with the formation of a blood clot
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thrombus
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a blood clot
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tension pneomothorax
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a type of pneomothorax where after completely collapsing the lung with air filling the pleural space, more air enters the space and then, on exhale causes compression of the mediastinum, affecting the heart by preventing refillinf
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tamponade
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to press upon
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stoma
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an artificial opening- such as an surgically created in the neck
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stepped on
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a term used in radio communication, to describe what happens when you broadcast over someone else's transmission
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spontaneous pneomothorax
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a type of pneomothorax with no known cause or injury, a lung just deflates, usually by springing a leak into the pleural space due to a weakened area of the lung
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shunt
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something that moves things from one place to another
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shock
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a rapid and progressive deterioration or depressed state of vital body functions brought about by an inadequate tissue perfusion with oxygen
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pulmonary edema
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fluid build up in the lungs, leaking into the alveolar spaces, producing the breath sound "crackles" often seen with left sided CHF
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prosthesis
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an artificial limb
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prolapsed
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to push through an opening
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prognosis
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a prediction of the course and outcome of a disease
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posturing
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assuming an abnormal body position, usually in an unconscious patient with severe neurological injuries
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postural vital signs
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"orthostatic vital signs" or tilt test
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post mortem
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after death
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polyp
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a lump of tissue growing where it shouldn't often becomes cancerous
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pneumothorax
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a collapsed lung, air in the pleural space
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pleuritic
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pain in the chest wall that is usually stabbing, a very sharp pain often when inhaling
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plaque
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a deposit that can build up, the deposits of calcium and cholesterol that cause atherosclerosis heart disease
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placebo effect
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something that acts like a placebo, if a patient thinks a plant of treatment will work then it often does, cannot be medically explained
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placebo
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usually a sugar pill that is given in place of a real medication
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pitting edema
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severe pedal edema that leaved a dent in the skin when u press on it and then release, often associated with CHF
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phlebotomy
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putting a needle into a vein and withdrawing blood
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phlebitis
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inflammation of veins
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petechiae
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pinpoint, non-rated purplish-red spots on the skin caused by intradermal or mucus membrane hemorrhage- seen in crush wounds or meningitis
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permeability
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characteristics of a membrane to leak
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perfusion
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supplying/ pumping blood through blood vessels through tissues
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pediatirc
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under the age 14
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pedal
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pertaining to the foot
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pathogenic
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origin- something that produces a disease
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pathologic
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"diseased" or bad
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pathology
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study of disease
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patho
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word part pertains to disease
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patent
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open or unobstructed
ex: a ___ airway |
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paresthesia
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an abnormal finding of the sensory system, such as a tingling feeling
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parameter
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the boundaries or measurements of things, the considerations
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occlude
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to block or obstruct
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neurological deficit
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a nerve function that is diminished or absent- so a partial paralysis or weakness such as drooping of one side of the face during a stroke
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neonate
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"newborn"
from birth to 1 month old |
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necrosis
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tissue death
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mortality
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the incidence of death
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morbidity
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the incidence of injury of illness
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micro
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meaning "small"
used to describe IV used in medical emergencies |
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macro
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meaning "large"
used to describe IV used in trauma patients |
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malaise
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medical word for just feeling lousy, uneasy, or discomfort
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leads
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small sticky patches placed on a patients torso, used to take ECG
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ischemia
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inadequate perfusion- not pumping or supplying blood to tissue adequately
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invasive
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entering the body with a needle or blade
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intra
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within
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inter
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between
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antibiotic
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a medication manufactured to kill bacteria
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antibodies
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something your immune system makes to fight diseases
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antigen
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a foreign protein that is recognized by the immune system, which created antibodies to fight it
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aseptic
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free from infection or contamination
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antiseptic
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something that inhibits the growth of micro-organisms
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aseptic technique
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procedures used to prevent contamination of the wound or equipment being used
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BSIP
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Body Substance Isolation Precautions
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decontamination
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process of removing an undesirable substance from an object or person
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disinfection
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destruction of infectious agents outside the body by chemical or physical means
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inflammation
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part of the body's immune response- it is a protective response, the mild fever and reddening of the skin are normal
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septic
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infected, a septic wound or septic shock
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sterile
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completely free from any living organisms
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titer
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an antibody count, blood test
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suspect
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a person whose history suggests that he/she may have or be developing a communicable disease
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host
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a person who provides an environment for growth of an infectious disease
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vector
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a carrier, usually an insect, that transmits an organism from one organism to another
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infection
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the process of picking up an infectious agent
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incubation period
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the time between infection and development of signs/symptoms of the disease
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prodromal period
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a period when the signs/symptoms are just starting to appear
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civil law
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deals with non-criminal issues, it protects individual rights.
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negligence
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is action or inaction on the part of the health professional that does not meet the community standard of care under reasonably prudent person test and that results in injury to the patient
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gross negligence
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conduct, treatment or lack of treatment that is an extreme departure from the community standard of care
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bad faith
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knowing what should be done but doing something else
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incompetence
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lack of possession of, or the failure to exercise the degree of learning, skill, and patient care ordinarily possessed and exercised by a competent certificate holder.
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slander
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the offense of injuring a person's character or reputation by false and malicious spoken words
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tort
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a civil wrong which includes; injury, negligence, false imprisonment, assault and battery
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abandonment
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the unilateral termination of an EMT-patient relationship by an EMT, without the patient's consent
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assault
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the act of placing another person in a well founded fear or immediate bodily harm or violent injury
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battery
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the use of force or violence on a person
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false imprisonment
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the intentional and unjustified detention of a person against their will for any length of time
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skin
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a membrane that covers outside the body
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mucous membranes
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type of skin that line the internal body surfaces
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fascia
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a layer of tough fibrous tissue that covers and supports muscles
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epithelial tissue
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thin surface tissues that covers internal and external surfaces
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connective tissue
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collagen and elastic fibers that wrap and separate many body structures
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muscle tissue
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tissue that contract and shorten:
skeletal muscle, smooth muscle (involuntary), cardiac muscle (involuntary) |
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nervous tissue
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control and coordinates our body functions
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mitochondria
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small organelles that operate within a cell that manufacture ATP
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lysosome
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small organelles inside cells that contain enzymes to dissolve cells
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cell membrane
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outer wrapper of a cell that keeps the right things in and prevents the wrong things from getting in
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catabolism
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process in which foods are broken down to liberate or produce energy
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anabolism
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process of building up or storing things for later use
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clinical death
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occurs the moment the heart and lungs stop functioning, may be reversible with CPR
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apnea
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not breathing at all
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asphyxia
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suffocation, an inability to breath, produces apnea
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atelectasis
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describes stale or stagnant air in the lungs, usually due to inadequate respiratory volume and or poor gas exchange or hypoventilation due to pain
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orthopnea
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difficulty breathing when lying down straight- so the patient sits up straight
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shortness of breath
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a subjective feeling of not being able to catch one's breath or get one's breath
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tachypnea
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abnormally rapid breathing 24+ min
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bradypnea
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abnormally slow breathing -12 min
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hyperventilation
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abnormally rapid and deep breathing
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hypoventilation
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inadequate respiratory rate and or tidal volume for the body's needs
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hypoxia
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an insufficient amount of oxygen at tissue level
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hypoxemia
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an insufficient amount of oxygen being carried in the blood
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anoxia
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total absence of oxygen at tissue level
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ventilation
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to move air into and out of the lungs
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respiration
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to utilize the oxygen we breath through gas exchanges both in the lungs and at the cellular level
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tidal volume
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the amount of air moved in one direction per breath
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anatomical dead space
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the amount of each breath that enters the upper air passages but does not reach the alveoli
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manual ventilation volume
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the amount needed for bag-valve mask or other positive pressure ventilations to work
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respiratory minute volume
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amount of air breathed in in a minute
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residual volume
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the amount of air remaining in the respiratory passages and lungs after a forceful expiration
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vital capacity
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the amount of air that can be moved in and out of the lungs with maximum inspiration and expiration
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upper airway structures
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nose, mouth, teeth, tongue, jaw, nasopharynx, oropharynx, epiglottis, larynx
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lower airway structures
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trachea, carina, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
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stridor
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an abnormal breath sound caused by partial upper airway obstruction usually heard on inspiration, harsh high-pitched musical or whistling sound sometimes described as a seal bark or crowing
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wheezes
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an abnormal breath sound caused by a lower airway obstruction usually heard on expiration, high pitched, musical whistling, often only audible with a stethoscope
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rhonchi
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an abnormal breath sound caused by a lower airway obstruction usually heard on expiration, loud gurgling, rumbling, crackling from mucus in the lungs, often clears after coughing
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crackles
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an abnormal breath sound caused by a lower airway obstruction usually heard on inspiration by auscultation of lung bases, fine crackling or bubbling
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grunting
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an abnormal breath sound caused by an upper airway obstruction usually heard at end of expiration, sounds like a child is saying "ugh" forcing each breath out
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snoring
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an abnormal breath sound caused usually by soft palate obstruction in the posterior pharynx
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gurgling
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an abnormal breath sound caused usually by blood, mucus, or vomit in the posterior pharynx
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pleuritic friction rub
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rubbing, grating sound caused by inflamed pleura rubbing during breathing, occurs during inspiration and expiration
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sonorous
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this word is used to describe several of the noisy breathing sounds, usually snoring or rhonchi
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hypercarbia
hypercapnia |
abnormally high carbon dioxide levels in the blood, causes CNS depression with confusion, coma, respiratory depression and death
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|
hypocarbia
hypocapnia |
abnormally low carbon dioxide levels in the blood, causes cerebral vasoconstriction and can decrease cerebral oxygen flow by 30% resulting in cerebral ischemia causing ligt-headedness, dizziness and paresthesias
|
|
|
tachycardia
|
abnormally rapid pulse 100+
|
|
|
bradycardia
|
abnormally sow pulse -60
|
|
|
automaticity
|
characteristic of the heart to generate its own beat
|
|
|
red blood cells
|
important in transporting oxygen to cells
|
|
|
white blood cells
|
important in fighting infections
|
|
|
platelets
|
important in initiating the blood-clotting cascade
|
|
|
plasma
|
liquid portion of the blood, acts as a transport medium for blood cells and nutrients
|
|
|
anemia
|
not enough blood, red blood cells, or iron in the blood
|
|
|
venous pooling
|
results in an increase in the amount of blood staying in the veins caused by muscle inactivity or vasodilation
|
|
|
hemiparesis
|
one sided muscular weakness- sign of CVA
|
|
|
hemiplegia
|
one sided paralysis, sign of CVA
|
|
|
paraplegia
|
paralysis of lower extremities, sign of spinal injury to thoracic or lumbar region
|
|
|
quadriplegia
|
paralysis to all extremities, sign of spinal cord injury to cervical spine
|
|
|
priapism
|
a sustained erection in the male that indicates a spinal cord injury
|
|
|
sympathetic nervous system
|
fight or flight, thoracolumbar system
|
|
|
parasympathetic nervous system
|
feed or breed, craniocaudal system
|
|
|
central nervous system
|
CNS- brain and spinal cord
|
|
|
peripheral nervous system
|
PNS- motor, sensory, autonomic
|
|
|
oculomotor nerve
|
cranial nerve III- when stimulated it caused the pupil to constrict, parasympathetic nervous system
|
|
|
vagus nerve
|
cranial nerve X- when stimulated it caused the heart to slow down, digestion speeds up, primary nerve os parasympathetic nervous system
|
|
|
sign
|
an objective finding during an assessment- observable by you
|
|
|
symptom
|
a subjective finding during an assessment- voiced by the patient
|
|
|
acute
|
sign or symptom having a rapid onset, usually severe
|
|
|
chronic
|
sign, symptom, or disease having a slow onset, or that remains for prolonged periods of time
|
|
|
palpate
|
feel with fingers
|
|
|
auscultate
|
listen with a stethoscope
|
|
|
mechanism of injury
|
the thing that caused the injury, also refers to the amount of force applied to the victim
|
|
|
nature of illness
|
the thing that made the patient sick
|
|
|
general impression
|
formed as you approach the patient, and when call is dispatched
|
|
|
spinal axis immobilization
|
manual or mechanical stabilization of the spinal cord
|
|
|
the golden hour
|
patient's chances for survival from a traumatic injury drop significantly after one hour
|
|
|
the golden ten minutes
|
patient care for only ten minutes before transporting
|
|
|
capillary refill
|
blanching the skin to test tissue perfusion
|
|
|
symptomatic
|
an illness or injury causing the patient to be in distress
|
|
|
asymptomatic
|
an illness or injury not resulting signs or symptoms of distress
|
|
|
primary survey
|
initial survey that is done to determine if the scene is safe and if there are any life threatening injuries
|
|
|
secondary survey
|
rest of the evaluation that is done more carefully, determine if anything was missed or has changed
|
|
|
initial assessment
|
establishes contact with the patient and includes the ABCs and forming a general impression
|
|
|
rapid trauma assessment
|
is the secondary assessment physical exam, except that the mechanism of injury indicated a life threatening emergency
|
|
|
focused history and physical exam
|
ask for chief complaint and focus on that injury
|
|
|
on going assessment
|
is done every five minutes on scene or during transport
|
|
|
JVD
|
jugular vein distention- indicated hpovolemia when pt is supine, injury to chest, lungs or heart in semi-fowlers
|
|
|
unequal pupils
|
may indicate head injury, blood clot or bleed-CVA
|
|
|
nystagmus
|
involuntary jerking back and forth of the eye, indicative of cerebral dysfunction, alcohol intoxication
|
|
|
dysarthria
|
slurred speech- CVA, head injury, drug and alcohol abuse
|
|
|
oculomotor nerve
|
controls the pupil, size symmetry and reaction to light
|
|
|
facial nerve
|
controls the face, assessed by asking pt to smile, check for CVA
|
|
|
antipyretic
|
medication that will lower a pathologically high fever
|
|
|
hyperthermic
|
like febrile, but meant for fever over 103 F
|
|
|
hypothermic
|
temperature below 94 F
|
|
|
alleviate
|
to relieve or make go away
|
|
|
amnesia
|
loss of memory, often occurs after a head injury
|
|
|
anisocoria
|
unequal pupils
|
|
|
anorexia
|
loss of appetite
|
|
|
asymmetrical
|
not symmetrical, two sides are not equal
|
|
|
crepitus
|
grating or grinding of broken bones
|
|
|
distention
|
to stretch out, gastric distention is common is CPR
|
|
|
photophobia
|
hypersensitivity to bright light, common with hang overs and meningitis
|
|
|
syncope
|
fainting
|
|
|
turgor
|
when the skin is pinched it stays up, dehydration test
|
|
|
erythema
flushed |
red skin color
|
|
|
pallor
pale |
white skin color
|
|
|
cyanosis
|
blue skin color
|
|
|
jaundice
|
yellow skin color
|
|
|
ashen
|
gray skin color
|
|
|
mottled
|
blotchy
|
|
|
agonal
|
very shallow and infrequent breathing
|
|
|
cheyne-strokes
|
periods of increasing and decreasing tidal volume, brain damage
|
|
|
AEIOUTIPS
|
common caused of coma or ALOC: alcohol, apnea, anaphylaxis, acidosis- epileptic- insulin shock- overdose-underdose, uremia- trauma- infection- psychotic reaction- stroke
|
|
|
obtund
|
dull, blunted, out of it
ex: drunk |
|
|
lethargy
|
sluggish, drowsy
|
|
|
stupor
|
may appear to be unconscious but awake to physical stimulus
|
|
|
comatose
|
does not respond, coma
|
|
|
coma
|
an abnormal deep state of consciousness from which the patient cannot be aroused by external stimuli
|
|
|
decorticate posturing
|
sign of brainstem damage, upper extremities flex in while lower extremities extend out
|
|
|
decerebrate posturing
|
sign of brainstem damage, upper and lower extremities extend out
|
|
|
cricoid pressure
|
sellick's maneuver- firm pressure just below the thyroid to occlude the esophagus
|
|
|
moderate shock
severe shock |
15% of blood
30% of blood |
|
|
hypovolemic shock
|
low blood volume
|
|
|
cardiogenic shock
|
inadequate pumping action of the heart- MI, dysrhythmias, CHF
|
|
|
distributive shock
|
widespread vasodilation- anaphylactic shock, septic shock, overdose, fainting, neck or spinal cord damage
|
|
|
obstructive shock
|
obstruction of blood from flowing through the vascular system or oxygen delivery- tension pneumothorax, pericardial tamponade, pulmonary embolous, respiratory, dissecting aortic aneurysm
|
|
|
infarction
|
tissue death by ischemia
|
|
|
TIA
|
transient ischemic attack- short term CVA last for several hours
|
|
|
trismus
|
lock-jaw
|
|
|
pulmonary edema
|
watery fluid in the alveoli or smaller airways
|
|
|
epilepsy
|
recurring disorder of the brain involving abnormal nerve impulses characterized by sudden onset of brief attacks of altered consciousness, motor activity and sensory phenomena
|
|
|
seizure
|
convulsion
|
|
|
grand mal
|
tonic-clonic, muscle stiffening then jerking, followed by loss of consciousness
|
|
|
post-ictal
|
period following a seizure, ALOC usually lethargic or obtunded
|
|
|
status epilepticus
|
life threatening seizure disorder, lasting over 10 min, repetitive without regaining consciousness, more than 3 in a hour
|
|
|
absence seizures
|
petit mal seizures- 1-3 seconds, lapses in awareness, no treatment
|
|
|
focal motor seizures
|
starts in a group of muscles
|
|
|
aura
|
phase before a seizure
|
|
|
hematemesis
|
vomiting of partially digested blood that has entered the stomach, coffee grounds look
|
|
|
hemoptysis
|
coughing up or spitting up of bright red blood
|
|
|
melena
|
black tarry stools
|
|
|
hematuria
|
passing blood in the urine
|
|
|
ascites
|
distention of the abdomen due to free water in the peritoneal cavity- liver failure
|
|
|
diabetes mellitus
|
impaired insulin secretion and effectiveness and utilization of sugar by the cells
|
|
|
glucose
|
form of sugar required by all cells to function
|
|
|
insulin
|
hormone secreted by the pancreas which allows cells to take sugar and protein out of the blood stream, secreted when blood sugar rises
|
|
|
glucagon
|
hormone secreted by the pancreas which causes the liver to break to glycogen(stored glucose) to raise blood sugar levels
|
|
|
diabetic keto-acidosis
|
a severe condition caused by a lack of insulin or an elevation in stress hormone, body begins to burn proteins for energy which creates ketones
|
|
|
toxidrome
|
a collection of signs and symptoms that suggest the effects of a specific toxin
|
|
|
delirium tremens
|
occurs a day after alcoholics discontinue use, hand tremors, convlulsions, hallucinations and sleep deprivation
|
|
|
euphoria
|
an exaggerated sensation of feeling good
|
|
|
hysteria
|
an emotional instability with various sensory disturbances
|
|
|
mania
manic |
condition of being excessively stimulated emotionally
|
|
|
paranoia
|
unexplainable fear that someone is out to get you
|
|
|
schizophrenic
|
type of psychosis which alters perception, thinking and mood
|
|
|
aspirin
|
interferes with the ability of platelets to clump
|
|
|
contusion
|
blunt trauma to soft tissue producing a crushing injury without a break through the skin
|
|
|
hematoma
|
blunt trauma to soft tissue creating a break in an artery where a large pool of blood clots under the skin
|
|
|
abrasion
|
damage to dermis and epidermis scraping across a rough surface
|
|
|
puncture
|
a deep penetrating wound
|
|
|
avulsion
|
a torn loose or torn off piece of flesh
|
|
|
incision
|
smooth edged cut, typically done with a sharp blade
|
|
|
laceration
|
a jagged edged cut, typically done with a duller blade
|
|
|
maceration
|
over-softening of the skin caused by soaking it in water, oil, lotion
|
|
|
1st degree burns
|
superficial burns- burns to epidermis, turns skin red
|
|
|
2nd degree burns
|
partial thickness burns- burns to dermis and epidermis, white and red skin, blisters present
|
|
|
3rd degree burns
|
full thickness burns- burns to dermis, epidermis, and subcutaneous, kills nerves no pain
|
|
|
battles sign
|
purple/maroon discoloration behind the ear indicates a basal skull fracture
|
|
|
raccoon's eye
|
purple/maroon discoloration around the eye, often swelling them shut indicates a basal skull fracture
|
|
|
concussion
|
temporary injury to the brain, usually involving nothing more than a cellular depolarization
|
|
|
cerebral contusion
|
like concussion except there is actually damage to brain cells, bleeding and swelling in the brain
|
|
|
subdural hematoma
|
collection of blood between the dura mater and brain
|
|
|
epidural hematoma
|
collection of blood between the skull and dura mater
|
|
|
intra-cerebral hemorrhage
|
either trauma or a bursting aneurysm, these bleeds are usually fatal, bleed out fast
|
|
|
flail chest
|
when two or more adjacent ribs are broken in two or more places that creates a floating segment, prevents adequate ventilations
|
|
|
myocardial contusion
|
a bruising or crushing of the heart caused by direct impact
|
|
|
commotio cordis
|
sudden death following blunt chest trauma
|
|
|
pulmonary contusion
|
bruising or crushing on the lung tissue caused by direct impact
|
|
|
sprain
|
torn ligament at a joint
|
|
|
strain
|
torn tendon or muscle
|
|
|
dislocation
|
involves tearing of ligaments allowing bones to come out of normal alignment
|
|
|
fracture
|
bone breaks
|
|
|
radiation
|
heat is radiated from warm source to cooler source
|
|
|
convection
|
heat loss through movements of surrounding air currents carrying away warm air
|
|
|
conduction
|
heat loss through direct contact
|
|
|
evaporation
|
heat is lost as liquid absorbs heat and then dissipates to the surrounding air
|
|
|
hypothermia
|
generalized cooling of the body's core
|
|
|
frostbite
|
localized freezing injury to body tissue due to exposure to severe cold, usually below 15 F
|
|
|
heat syncope
|
feeling weak and faint in a hot environment and often collapsing due to hot blood shifting to the surface in an attempt to dissipate heat
|
|
|
heat exhaustion
|
dehydration with loss of large amount of water and salt
|
|
|
heat stroke
|
complete failure of the body's cooling system, LOC in the heat
|
|
|
ectopic pregnancy
|
a pregnancy where the fetus implants in a location that is not normal, usually outside the uterus
|
|
|
crowning
|
the phase in labor just before delivery when the baby's head cn be seen
|
|
|
meconium
|
fecal matter on the baby
|
|
|
conduction
|
heat loss through direct contact
|
|
|
conduction
|
heat loss through direct contact
|
|
|
conduction
|
heat loss through direct contact
|
|
|
conduction
|
heat loss through direct contact
|
|
|
conduction
|
heat loss through direct contact
|
|
|
evaporation
|
heat is lost as liquid absorbs heat and then dissipates to the surrounding air
|
|
|
conduction
|
heat loss through direct contact
|
|
|
conduction
|
heat loss through direct contact
|
|
|
conduction
|
heat loss through direct contact
|
|
|
evaporation
|
heat is lost as liquid absorbs heat and then dissipates to the surrounding air
|
|
|
evaporation
|
heat is lost as liquid absorbs heat and then dissipates to the surrounding air
|
|
|
evaporation
|
heat is lost as liquid absorbs heat and then dissipates to the surrounding air
|
|
|
evaporation
|
heat is lost as liquid absorbs heat and then dissipates to the surrounding air
|
|
|
conduction
|
heat loss through direct contact
|
|
|
evaporation
|
heat is lost as liquid absorbs heat and then dissipates to the surrounding air
|
|
|
hypothermia
|
generalized cooling of the body's core
|
|
|
evaporation
|
heat is lost as liquid absorbs heat and then dissipates to the surrounding air
|
|
|
hypothermia
|
generalized cooling of the body's core
|
|
|
hypothermia
|
generalized cooling of the body's core
|
|
|
hypothermia
|
generalized cooling of the body's core
|
|
|
hypothermia
|
generalized cooling of the body's core
|
|
|
evaporation
|
heat is lost as liquid absorbs heat and then dissipates to the surrounding air
|
|
|
evaporation
|
heat is lost as liquid absorbs heat and then dissipates to the surrounding air
|
|
|
conduction
|
heat loss through direct contact
|
|
|
conduction
|
heat loss through direct contact
|
|
|
conduction
|
heat loss through direct contact
|
|
|
conduction
|
heat loss through direct contact
|
|
|
hypothermia
|
generalized cooling of the body's core
|
|
|
hypothermia
|
generalized cooling of the body's core
|
|
|
frostbite
|
localized freezing injury to body tissue due to exposure to severe cold, usually below 15 F
|
|
|
frostbite
|
localized freezing injury to body tissue due to exposure to severe cold, usually below 15 F
|
|
|
frostbite
|
localized freezing injury to body tissue due to exposure to severe cold, usually below 15 F
|
|
|
frostbite
|
localized freezing injury to body tissue due to exposure to severe cold, usually below 15 F
|
|
|
hypothermia
|
generalized cooling of the body's core
|
|
|
hypothermia
|
generalized cooling of the body's core
|
|
|
evaporation
|
heat is lost as liquid absorbs heat and then dissipates to the surrounding air
|
|
|
evaporation
|
heat is lost as liquid absorbs heat and then dissipates to the surrounding air
|
|
|
evaporation
|
heat is lost as liquid absorbs heat and then dissipates to the surrounding air
|
|
|
evaporation
|
heat is lost as liquid absorbs heat and then dissipates to the surrounding air
|
|
|
frostbite
|
localized freezing injury to body tissue due to exposure to severe cold, usually below 15 F
|
|
|
heat syncope
|
feeling weak and faint in a hot environment and often collapsing due to hot blood shifting to the surface in an attempt to dissipate heat
|
|
|
frostbite
|
localized freezing injury to body tissue due to exposure to severe cold, usually below 15 F
|
|
|
frostbite
|
localized freezing injury to body tissue due to exposure to severe cold, usually below 15 F
|
|
|
heat syncope
|
feeling weak and faint in a hot environment and often collapsing due to hot blood shifting to the surface in an attempt to dissipate heat
|
|
|
heat syncope
|
feeling weak and faint in a hot environment and often collapsing due to hot blood shifting to the surface in an attempt to dissipate heat
|
|
|
heat syncope
|
feeling weak and faint in a hot environment and often collapsing due to hot blood shifting to the surface in an attempt to dissipate heat
|
|
|
hypothermia
|
generalized cooling of the body's core
|
|
|
frostbite
|
localized freezing injury to body tissue due to exposure to severe cold, usually below 15 F
|
|
|
frostbite
|
localized freezing injury to body tissue due to exposure to severe cold, usually below 15 F
|
|
|
heat syncope
|
feeling weak and faint in a hot environment and often collapsing due to hot blood shifting to the surface in an attempt to dissipate heat
|
|
|
hypothermia
|
generalized cooling of the body's core
|
|
|
hypothermia
|
generalized cooling of the body's core
|
|
|
hypothermia
|
generalized cooling of the body's core
|
|
|
heat syncope
|
feeling weak and faint in a hot environment and often collapsing due to hot blood shifting to the surface in an attempt to dissipate heat
|
|
|
heat syncope
|
feeling weak and faint in a hot environment and often collapsing due to hot blood shifting to the surface in an attempt to dissipate heat
|
|
|
heat exhaustion
|
dehydration with loss of large amount of water and salt
|
|
|
heat exhaustion
|
dehydration with loss of large amount of water and salt
|
|
|
heat exhaustion
|
dehydration with loss of large amount of water and salt
|
|
|
heat exhaustion
|
dehydration with loss of large amount of water and salt
|
|
|
heat syncope
|
feeling weak and faint in a hot environment and often collapsing due to hot blood shifting to the surface in an attempt to dissipate heat
|
|
|
heat exhaustion
|
dehydration with loss of large amount of water and salt
|
|
|
frostbite
|
localized freezing injury to body tissue due to exposure to severe cold, usually below 15 F
|
|
|
frostbite
|
localized freezing injury to body tissue due to exposure to severe cold, usually below 15 F
|
|
|
frostbite
|
localized freezing injury to body tissue due to exposure to severe cold, usually below 15 F
|
|
|
heat syncope
|
feeling weak and faint in a hot environment and often collapsing due to hot blood shifting to the surface in an attempt to dissipate heat
|
|
|
frostbite
|
localized freezing injury to body tissue due to exposure to severe cold, usually below 15 F
|
|
|
heat stroke
|
complete failure of the body's cooling system, LOC in the heat
|
|
|
heat exhaustion
|
dehydration with loss of large amount of water and salt
|
|
|
heat exhaustion
|
dehydration with loss of large amount of water and salt
|
|
|
heat exhaustion
|
dehydration with loss of large amount of water and salt
|
|
|
heat stroke
|
complete failure of the body's cooling system, LOC in the heat
|
|
|
heat stroke
|
complete failure of the body's cooling system, LOC in the heat
|
|
|
heat stroke
|
complete failure of the body's cooling system, LOC in the heat
|
|
|
heat syncope
|
feeling weak and faint in a hot environment and often collapsing due to hot blood shifting to the surface in an attempt to dissipate heat
|
|
|
heat syncope
|
feeling weak and faint in a hot environment and often collapsing due to hot blood shifting to the surface in an attempt to dissipate heat
|
|
|
heat stroke
|
complete failure of the body's cooling system, LOC in the heat
|
|
|
heat syncope
|
feeling weak and faint in a hot environment and often collapsing due to hot blood shifting to the surface in an attempt to dissipate heat
|
|
|
heat syncope
|
feeling weak and faint in a hot environment and often collapsing due to hot blood shifting to the surface in an attempt to dissipate heat
|
|
|
heat exhaustion
|
dehydration with loss of large amount of water and salt
|
|
|
ectopic pregnancy
|
a pregnancy where the fetus implants in a location that is not normal, usually outside the uterus
|
|
|
heat stroke
|
complete failure of the body's cooling system, LOC in the heat
|
|
|
heat stroke
|
complete failure of the body's cooling system, LOC in the heat
|
|
|
ectopic pregnancy
|
a pregnancy where the fetus implants in a location that is not normal, usually outside the uterus
|
|
|
ectopic pregnancy
|
a pregnancy where the fetus implants in a location that is not normal, usually outside the uterus
|
|
|
heat exhaustion
|
dehydration with loss of large amount of water and salt
|
|
|
heat stroke
|
complete failure of the body's cooling system, LOC in the heat
|
|
|
heat exhaustion
|
dehydration with loss of large amount of water and salt
|
|
|
ectopic pregnancy
|
a pregnancy where the fetus implants in a location that is not normal, usually outside the uterus
|
|
|
heat stroke
|
complete failure of the body's cooling system, LOC in the heat
|
|
|
heat exhaustion
|
dehydration with loss of large amount of water and salt
|
|
|
heat exhaustion
|
dehydration with loss of large amount of water and salt
|
|
|
ectopic pregnancy
|
a pregnancy where the fetus implants in a location that is not normal, usually outside the uterus
|
|
|
crowning
|
the phase in labor just before delivery when the baby's head cn be seen
|
|
|
ectopic pregnancy
|
a pregnancy where the fetus implants in a location that is not normal, usually outside the uterus
|
|
|
ectopic pregnancy
|
a pregnancy where the fetus implants in a location that is not normal, usually outside the uterus
|
|
|
crowning
|
the phase in labor just before delivery when the baby's head cn be seen
|
|
|
ectopic pregnancy
|
a pregnancy where the fetus implants in a location that is not normal, usually outside the uterus
|
|
|
crowning
|
the phase in labor just before delivery when the baby's head cn be seen
|
|
|
ectopic pregnancy
|
a pregnancy where the fetus implants in a location that is not normal, usually outside the uterus
|
|
|
crowning
|
the phase in labor just before delivery when the baby's head cn be seen
|
|
|
crowning
|
the phase in labor just before delivery when the baby's head cn be seen
|
|
|
heat stroke
|
complete failure of the body's cooling system, LOC in the heat
|
|
|
heat stroke
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complete failure of the body's cooling system, LOC in the heat
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heat stroke
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complete failure of the body's cooling system, LOC in the heat
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heat stroke
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complete failure of the body's cooling system, LOC in the heat
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crowning
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the phase in labor just before delivery when the baby's head cn be seen
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meconium
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fecal matter on the baby
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crowning
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the phase in labor just before delivery when the baby's head cn be seen
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meconium
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fecal matter on the baby
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ectopic pregnancy
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a pregnancy where the fetus implants in a location that is not normal, usually outside the uterus
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meconium
|
fecal matter on the baby
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crowning
|
the phase in labor just before delivery when the baby's head cn be seen
|
|
|
crowning
|
the phase in labor just before delivery when the baby's head cn be seen
|
|
|
ectopic pregnancy
|
a pregnancy where the fetus implants in a location that is not normal, usually outside the uterus
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|
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meconium
|
fecal matter on the baby
|
|
|
ectopic pregnancy
|
a pregnancy where the fetus implants in a location that is not normal, usually outside the uterus
|
|
|
ectopic pregnancy
|
a pregnancy where the fetus implants in a location that is not normal, usually outside the uterus
|
|
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meconium
|
fecal matter on the baby
|
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meconium
|
fecal matter on the baby
|
|
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meconium
|
fecal matter on the baby
|
|
|
meconium
|
fecal matter on the baby
|
|
|
crowning
|
the phase in labor just before delivery when the baby's head cn be seen
|
|
|
crowning
|
the phase in labor just before delivery when the baby's head cn be seen
|
|
|
meconium
|
fecal matter on the baby
|
|
|
crowning
|
the phase in labor just before delivery when the baby's head cn be seen
|
|
|
crowning
|
the phase in labor just before delivery when the baby's head cn be seen
|
|
|
meconium
|
fecal matter on the baby
|
|
|
meconium
|
fecal matter on the baby
|
|
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meconium
|
fecal matter on the baby
|
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meconium
|
fecal matter on the baby
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fundus
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upper part of the uterus
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vertex
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point or tip of the infant's head
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gravida
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medical term referring to number of pregnancies
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para
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medical term referring to number of deliveries
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trimester
|
splitting the pregnancy into 3 parts, 3 months each
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full term
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full term pregnancy last 9 months or 40 weeks
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croup
|
tracheobronchitis-usually a viral infection, upper airway, "seal bark" cough,
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epiglottitis
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usually bacterial infection- stridor, no cough
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delirium
|
acute or recent change in mental status that is characterized by illusions and hallucinations
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dementia
|
slow progressive loss of awareness of time and place characterized by inability to learn new things or remember recent events
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Alzheimer's Disease
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occurs when nerve cells in the cerebral cortex die and brain shrinks, dementia
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Parkinson's Disease
|
degeneration of nerve cells in the basal ganglia
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triage
|
picking or sorting- used when multiple victim accidents to sort them out in four categories to give the best possible care
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normal sinus rhythm
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normal cardiac rhythm originates in the pacemaker provides the normal cardiac output and perfusion, SA node
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ventricular fibrillation
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v-fib- essentially a useless quivering of the myocardium when its beating gets out of synchronization, no pulse
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ventricular tachycardia
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v-tach- very rapid heart rate originates in the ventricles not the pacemaker, decreasing blood pressure and perfusion
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pulseless electrical activity
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PEA- electrical activity looks good but the heart has stopped beating, severe hypovolemia
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artifact
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electrical activity detected by ECG that is created by something other than the heart muscle, can interfere with ECG and AED ability to interpret cardiac activity
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dependent lividity
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after death
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capillary
|
microscopic blood vessels where gas exchange takes place
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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COPD- caused by chronic bronchial inflammation
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guarding
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contracting the abdominal muscles
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salivary glands
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produce salvia which has amylase a digestive enzyme for starches
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