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206 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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perfusion
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The circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' current needs.
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myocardium
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The heart muscle.
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pleural space
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The serous membrane covering the lungs and lining the thoracic cavity.
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temporomandibular joint
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The joint where the mandible meets with the temporal bone of the cranium just in front of each ear.
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trachea
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The windpipe.
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iliac crest
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The rim, or wing, of the pelvic bone.
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inguinal ligament
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The tough, fibrous ligament that stretches between the lateral edge of the pubic symphysis and the anterior superior iliac spine.
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heart
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A hollow muscular organ that receives blood from the veins and propels it into the arteries.
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carpometacarpo joint
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The joint between the wrist and the metacarpal bones; the thumb joint.
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thyroid cartilage
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A firm prominence of cartilage that forms the upper part of the larynx.
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abduction
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Motion of a limb away from the midline.
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costovertebral angle
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An angle that is formed by the junction of the spine and the tenth rib.
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liver
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A large solid organ that produces bile, stores sugar for immediate use by the body, and produces many substances that help regulate immune responses.
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angle of louis
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A ridge on the sternum that lies at the level where the second rib is attached to the sternum
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thorax
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The chest cavity that contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, and great vessels (the aorta and the two venae cavae).
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striated muscle
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Muscle that has characteristic stripes, or striations, under the microscope.
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autonomic nervous system
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The part of the nervous system that regulates functions, such as digestion and sweating, that are not controlled voluntarily.
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shoulder girdle
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The proximal portion of the upper extremity, made up of the clavicle, the scapula, and the humerus.
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peripheral nervous system
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The part of the nervous system that consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves.
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subcutaneous tissue
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Tissue, largely fat, that lies directly under the dermis and serves as an insulator of the body.
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red blood cells
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Cells that carry oxygen to the body's tissues.
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lumbar vertebrae
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Vertebrae of the lumbar spine.
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epidermis
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The outer layer of skin, which is made up of cells that are sealed together to form a watertight protective covering for the body.
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pulmonary artery
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The major artery leading from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.
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esophagus
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A collapsible tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach.
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coccyx
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The last three or four vertebrae of the spine.
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extend
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To straighten.
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retroperitoneal
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Behind the abdominal cavity.
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genital system
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The male and female reproductive systems.
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occiput
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The most posterior portion of the cranium.
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musculoskeletal system
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The bones and voluntary muscles of the body.
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deep
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Further inside the body and away from the skin.
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ureter
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A small, hollow tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
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sacrum
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One of three bones that make up the pelvic ring; consists of five fused sacral vertebrae.
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urinary bladder
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A sac behind the pubic symphysis made of smooth muscle that collects and stores urine.
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cecum
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The first part of the large intestine, into which the ileum opens.
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radial artery
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The major artery in the forearm; palpable at the wrist on the thumb side.
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agonal respirations
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Slow, gasping respiration, sometimes seen in dying patients.
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medial
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Parts of the body that lie closer to the midline.
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voluntary muscle
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Muscle that is under direct voluntary control of the brain and can be contracted or relaxed at will.
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ulna
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The bone on the small finger side of the forearm.
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mucus
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The opaque, sticky secretion of the mucous membranes that lubricates the body openings.
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proximal
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Structures that are closer to the trunk.
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bile ducts
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Ducts that convey bile between the liver and the intestine.
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palmar
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Ducts that convey bile between the liver and the intestine.
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pancreas
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A flat, solid organ that is a major source of digestive enzymes and produces the hormone insulin.
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connecting nerves
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Nerves in the brain and spinal cord that connect the motor and sensory nerves.
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capillary vessels
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The fine end-divisions of the arterial system that allow contact between cells of the body tissues and the plasma and red blood cells.
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sternum
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The breastbone.
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scupula
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The shoulder blade.
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cerebrum
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The largest part of the three subdivisions of the brain, made up of several lobes that control movement, hearing, balance, speech, visual perception, emotions, and personality.
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fascia
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A sheet or band of tough fibrous connective tissue; lies deep under the skin and forms an outer layer for the muscles.
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rectum
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The lowermost end of the colon.
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floating ribs
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The eleventh and twelfth ribs, which do not attach to the sternum through the costal arch.
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femoral head
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The proximal end of the femur, articulating with the acetabulum to form the hip joint.
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Trendelenburg''s position
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The position in which the body is supine with the head lower than the feet.
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carotid artery
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The major artery that supplies blood to the head and brain.
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testicle
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A male genital gland that contains specialized cells that produce hormones and sperm.
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inferior vena cava
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One of the two largest veins in the body; carries blood from the lower extremities and the pelvic and the abdominal organs into the heart.
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sweat glands
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The glands that secrete sweat.
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pubic symphysis
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A hard bony prominence that is found in the midline in the lowermost portion of the abdomen.
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patella
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The kneecap.
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anatomic position
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The position of reference in which the patient stands facing you, arms at the side, with the palms of the hands forward.
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skeletal muscle
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Muscle that is attached to bones and usually crosses at least one joint.
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anterior superior iliac spines
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The bony prominences of the pelvis at the front on each side of the lower abdomen just below the plane of the umbilicus.
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alveoli
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The air sacs of the lungs in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.
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nervous system
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The system that controls virtually all activities of the body, both voluntary and involuntary.
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topographic anatomy
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The superficial landmarks of the body that serve as guides to the structures that lie beneath them.
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kidneys
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Two retroperitoneal organs that excrete the end products of metabolism as urine and regulate the body's salt and water content.
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vas deferentia (vas deferens)
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The spermatic duct of the testicles.
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prone position
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The position in which the body is lying face down.
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femur
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The thigh bone.
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small intestine
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The portion of the digestive tube between the stomach and the cecum, consisting of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
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heart rate (pulse)
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The wave of pressure that is created by the heart's contracting and forcing blood out the left ventricle and into the major arteries.
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epiglottis
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A thin, leaf-shaped valve that allows air to pass into the trachea but prevents food or liquid from entering.
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derebellum
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One of the three major subdivisions of the brain, coordinates the various activities of the brain, particularly body movements.
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posterior
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The back surface of the body.
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spinal cord
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An extension of the brain, composed of virtually all the nerves carrying messages between the brain and the rest of the body.
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tibia
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The shinbone.
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ventral
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The anterior surface of the body.
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capillary vessels
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The fine end-divisions of the arterial system that allow contact between cells of the body tissues and the plasma and red blood cells.
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brain stem
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The area of the brain between the spinal cord and cerebrum, surrounded by the cerebellum.
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apex (pleural= apices)
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The tip or the topmost portion of a structure.
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mastoid process
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A prominent bony mass at the base of the skull behind the ear.
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sternocleidomastoid muscles
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The muscles on either side of the neck that allow movement of the head.
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superficial
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Closer to or on the skin.
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mucus
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The opaque, sticky secretion of the mucous membranes that lubricates the body openings.
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large intestine
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The portion of the digestive tube that encircles the abdomen around the small bowel, consisting of the cecum, the colon, and the rectum.
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manubrium
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The upper quarter of the sternum.
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oropharynx
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A tubular structure that extends vertically from the back of the mouth to the esophagus and trachea.
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superior vena cava
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One of the two largest veins in the body; carries blood from the upper extremities, head, neck, and chest into the heart.
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sensory nerves
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The nerves that carry sensations of touch, taste, heat, cold, pain, or other modalities from the body to the central nervous system.
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joint
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The place where two bones come into contact.
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semen
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Seminal fluid ejaculated from the penis and containing sperm.
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pinna
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The external, visible part of the ear.
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arteriole
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The smallest branch of an artery leading to the vast network of capillaries.
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midclavicular line
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An imaginary vertical line drawn through the middle portion of the clavicle and parallel to the midline.
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femoral artery
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The principal artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery.
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cervical spine
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The portion of the spinal column consisting of the first seven vertebrae that lie in the neck.
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xiphoid process
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The narrow, cartilaginous lower tip of the sternum.
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hair follicles
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The small organs in the skin that produce hair.
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supine position
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The position in which the body is lying face up.
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ulnar artery
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One of the major arteries of the forearm; it can be palpated at the wrist on the ulnar side.
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ligament
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A band of the fibrous tissue that connects bones to bones. It supports and strengthens a joint
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systole
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The contraction, or period of contraction, of the heart, especially that of the ventricles.
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fascia
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A sheet or band of tough fibrous connective tissue; lies deep under the skin and forms an outer layer for the muscles.
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pulmonary veins
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The four veins that return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
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ball and socket joint
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A joint that allows internal and external rotation as well as bending.
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Trendelenburg's Position
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The position in which the body is supine with the head lower than the feet.
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mandible
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The bone of the lower jaw.
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testicle
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A male genital gland that contains specialized cells that produce hormones and sperm.
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nasopharynx
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The part of the pharynx that lies above the level of the roof of the mouth, or soft palate.
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triceps
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The muscle in the back of the upper arm.
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midaxillary line
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An imaginary vertical line drawn through the middle of the axilla (armpit), parallel to the midline.
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thoracic cage
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The chest or rib cage.
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plantar
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The bottom of the foot.
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dorsal
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The posterior surface of the body, including the back of the hand.
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costal arch
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A bridge of cartilage that connects the ends of the sixth through tenth ribs with the lower portion of the sternum.
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appendix
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A small tubular structure that is attached to the lower border of the cecum in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen.
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midline
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An imaginary vertical line drawn from the middle of the forehead through the nose and the umbilicus (navel) to the floor.
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seminal vesicles
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Storage sacs for sperm and seminal fluid, which empty into the urethra at the prostate.
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ischium
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One of three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring.
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brain
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The controlling organ of the body and center of consciousness.
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urinary system
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The organs that control the discharge of certain waste materials filtered from the blood and excreted as urine.
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hinge joints
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Joints that can bend and straighten but cannot rotate.
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radius
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The bone on the thumb side of the forearm.
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inferior
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The part of the body, or any body part, nearer to the feet.
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flex
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To bend.
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connecting nerves
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Nerves in the brain and spinal cord that connect the motor and sensory nerves.
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atrium
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One of two (right and left) upper chambers of the heart.
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somatic nervous system
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The part of the nervous system that regulates our voluntary activities, such as walking, talking, and writing.
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dermis
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The inner layer of the skin, containing hair follicles, sweat glands, nerve endings, and blood vessels.
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joint capsule
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The fibrous sac with synovial lining that encloses a joint.
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pubis
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One of three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring.
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bilateral
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A body part or condition that appears on both sides of the midline.
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orbit
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The eye socket, made up of the maxilla and zygoma.
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cricoid cartilage
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A rigid, ring-shaped structure that completely encircles the larynx at the top of the trachea.
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lumbar spine
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The lower part of the back, formed by the lowest five nonfused vertebrae.
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zygomas
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The quadrangular bones of the cheek, articulating with the frontal bone, the maxillae, the zygomatic processes of the temporal bone, and the great wings of the sphenoid bone.
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salivary glands
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The glands that produce saliva to keep the mouth and pharynx moist.
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coccyx
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The last three or four vertebrae of the spine.
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gall bladder
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A sac on the undersurface of the liver that collects bile from the liver and discharges it into the duodenum through the common bile duct.
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prostate gland
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A small gland that surrounds the male urethra where it emerges from the urinary bladder.
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peristasis
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The wave-like contraction of smooth muscle by which the ureters or other tubular organs propel their contents.
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Adam's apple
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The firm prominence in the upper part of the larynx formed by the thyroid cartilage.
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posterior tibial artery
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The artery just posterior to the medial malleolus.
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diaphram
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A muscular dome that forms the undersurface of the thorax, separating the chest from the abdominal cavity.
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brachial artery
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The major vessel in the upper extremity that supplies blood to the arm.
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scalp
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The thick skin covering the cranium, which usually bears hair.
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fallopian tube
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Long, slender tube that extends from the uterus to the region of the ovary on the same side, and through which the ovum passes from ovary to uterus.
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pulse
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The wave of pressure created as the heart contracts and forces blood out the left ventricle and into the major arteries.
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shock position
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The position that has the head and torso (trunk) supine and the lower extremities elevated 6" to 12".
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smooth muscle
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Nonstriated, involuntary muscle; it constitutes the bulk of the gastrointestinal tract and is present in nearly every organ to regulate automatic activity.
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endocrine system
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The complex message and control system that integrates many body functions, including the release of hormones.
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dorsalis pedis artery
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The artery on the anterior surface of the foot between the first and second metatarsals.
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cricothyroid membrane
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A thin sheet of fascia that connects the thyroid and cricoid cartilages that make up the larynx.
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involuntary muscle
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Muscle that continues to contract, rhythmically, regardless of the conscious will of the individual.
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aorta
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The principal artery leaving the left side of the heart and carrying freshly oxygenated blood to the body.
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pancreas
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A flat, solid organ that is a major source of digestive enzymes and produces the hormone insulin.
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clavicle
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The collarbone.
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voluntary muscle
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Muscle that is under direct voluntary control of the brain and can be contracted or relaxed at will.
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paretial regions
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The areas between the temporal and occiput regions of the cranium.
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torso
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The trunk without the head and limbs.
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superior
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The part of the body, or any body part, nearer to the head.
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plasma
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A sticky, yellow fluid that carries the blood cells and nutrients and transports cellular waste material to the organs of excretion.
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urethra
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The canal that conveys urine from the bladder to outside the body.
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distal
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Structures that are farther from the trunk or nearer to the free end of the extremity.
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priapism
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A continuous and painful erection of the penis caused by certain spinal injuries and some diseases.
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skeleton
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The framework that gives us our recognizable form; also designed to allow motion of the body and protection of vital organs.
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motor nerves
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Nerves that carry information from the central nervous system to the muscles of the body.
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ventricle
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One of two (right and left) lower chambers of the heart.
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hypoxic drive
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Backup system to control respirations when oxygen levels fall.
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palmar region
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The front region of the hand.
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costovertebral angle
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An angle that is formed by the junction of the spine and the tenth rib.
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perfusion
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The circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' current needs.
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Blood Pressure (BP)
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The pressure that the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries as it passes through them.
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circulatory system
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The complex arrangement of connected tubes, including the arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins, that moves blood, oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and cellular waste throughout the body.
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pubis symphysis
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A hard bony prominence that is found in the midline in the lowermost portion of the abdomen.
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agonal respirations
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Slow, gasping respiration, sometimes seen in dying patients.
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white blood cells
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Blood cells that play a role in the body's immune defense mechanisms against infection.
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pleura
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The serous membrane covering the lungs and lining the thoracic cavity, completely enclosing a potential space known as the pleural space.
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vagina
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A muscular distensible tube that connects the uterus with the vulva.
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lateral
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Parts of the body that lie farther from the midline.
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quadrants
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The way to describe the sections of the abdominal cavity.
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adduction
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Motion of a limb toward the midline.
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platelets
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Tiny, disk-shaped elements that are essential in the initial formation of a blood clot.
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maxillae
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The upper jawbones that assist in the formation of the orbit, the nasal cavity, and the palate, and lodge the upper teeth.
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bile ducts
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Ducts that convey bile between the liver and the intestine.
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sebaceous glands
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Glands that produce an oily substance called sebum, which discharges along the shafts of the hairs.
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diastole
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The relaxation, or period of relaxation, of the heart, especially of the ventricles.
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biceps
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The large muscle that covers the front of the humerus.
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Fowler's Position
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The position in which the patient is sitting up with the knees bent.
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greater trochanter
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A bony prominence on the proximal lateral side of the thigh, just below the hip joint.
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thoracic spine
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The 12 vertebrae that lie between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. One pair of ribs is attached to each of the thoracic vertebrae.
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mucous membranes
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The lining of body cavities and passages that communicate directly or indirectly with the environment outside the body.
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ovary
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A female gland that produces sex hormones and ova (eggs).
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abdomen
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The body cavity that contains the major organs of digestion and excretion.
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respiratory system
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All the structures of the body that contribute to the process of breathing, consisting of the upper and lower airways and their component parts.
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acetabulum
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The depression on the lateral pelvis where its three component bones join, in which the femoral head fits snugly.
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digestion
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The processing of food that nourishes the individual cells of the body.
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cranium
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The area of the head above the ears and eyes that contains the brain.
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vertebrae
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The 33 bones that make up the spinal column.
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renal pelvis
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A cone-shaped collecting area that connects the ureter and the kidney.
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esophagus
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A collapsible tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach.
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temporal regions
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The lateral portions on each side of the cranium.
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anterior
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The front surface of the body; the side facing you in the standard anatomic position.
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