Emt Basic Chapter 10 Key Terms Airway

Front 1

Adam’s apple

Back 1

the bulky cartilage that forms the anterior portion of the larynx

Front 2

agonal respirations

Back 2

A type of respiratory pattern that is completely inadequate and may be seen in witnessed cardiac arrest or in some other conditions

Front 3

alveolar ventilation

Back 3

is the amount of air breathed in that reaches the alveoli.

Front 4

alveoli

Back 4

bronchioles terminate in millions of tiny air sacs in the lungs

Front 5

automatic transport ventilator (ATV)

Back 5

a positive pressure ventilation device that delivers ventilations automatically

Front 6

bag-valve-mask (BVM) device

Back 6

a positive pressure ventilation device that consists of a bag with a non rebreather valve and a mask. The bag-valve device is connected to the mask or other airway. The bag is squeezed to deliver a ventilation to the patient.

Front 7

bilaterally

Back 7

on both sides

Front 8

bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP)

Back 8

a form of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. The BiPAP device delivers a continuous flow of air under pressure. It differs from the CPAP device in that it provides different pressures: higher during inspiration, lower during expiration.

Front 9

bradypnea

Back 9

breathing rate that is slower than the normal rate.

Front 10

bronchi

Back 10

the two main branches leading from the trachea to the lungs, providing the passageway for air movement. Pl. of bronchus.

Front 11

bronchioles

Back 11

small branches of the bronchi

Front 12

carina

Back 12

the point at which the trachea splits into the right and left mainstem bronchi

Front 13

chemoreceptors

Back 13

receptors that constantly monitor the arterial content of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and the blood pH and stimulate a change in respiratory rate and depth. See also central chemoreceptors and peripheral chemoreceptors

Front 14

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Back 14

a form of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. The CPAP device delivers a continuous flow of air under pressure.

Front 15

cricoid cartilage

Back 15

the most inferior portion of the larynx and only full cartilaginous ring of the upper airway. It is felt immediately below the thyroid cartilage.

Front 16

cricoid pressure

Back 16

pressure applied to the cricoid cartilage to compress the esophagus

Front 17

crossed-fingers technique

Back 17

a technique in which the thumb and index finger are crossed with the thumb on the lower incisors and the index finger on the upper incisors. The fingers are moved in a snapping or scissor motion to open the mouth

Front 18

crowing

Back 18

a sound similar to that of a cawing crow that indicates that the muscles around the larynx are in spasm and beginning to narrow the opening into the trachea

Front 19

cyanosis

Back 19

a blue-gray color of the mucous membranes and/or skin, which indicates inadequate oxygenation or poor perfusion.

Front 20

dead air space

Back 20

anatomical areas in the respiratory tract (outside the alveoli) where air collects during inhalation but no gas exchange occurs.

Front 21

Deoxygenate

Back 21

containing low amounts of oxygen, as with venous blood.

Front 22

diaphragm

Back 22

the major muscle of respiration that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.

Front 23

epiglottis

Back 23

a small, leaf-shaped flap of cartilaginous tissue, located immediately posterior to the root of the tongue, that covers the opening of the larynx to keep food and liquid from entering thetrachea and lungs

Front 24

Esophagus

Back 24

passageway at the lower end of the pharynx that leads to the stomach

Front 25

exhalation/expiration

Back 25

the passive process of breathing air out of the lungs

Front 26

external respiration

Back 26

the gas exchange process that occurs between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries

Front 27

flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device (FROPVD)

Back 27

a device that consists of a ventilation valve and trigger or button and is driven directly by oxygen. It is used to provide positive pressure ventilation

Front 28

French catheter

Back 28

flexible tubing that is part of a suctioning system

Front 29

gastric distention

Back 29

inflation of the stomach

Front 30

gurgling

Back 30

a gargling sound that indicates a fluid is in the mouth or pharynx.

Front 31

hard catheter

Back 31

a rigid plastic tube that is part of a suctioning system, commonly referred to as a tonsil tip or tonsil sucker

Front 32

head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver

Back 32

a manual technique used to open the airway. The head is tilted back by one hand. The tips of the fingers of the other hand are placed under the chin and used to lift the mandible up and forward.

Front 33

hemoglobin

Back 33

a complex protein molecule found on the surface of the red blood cell that is responsible for carrying a majority of oxygen in the blood.

Front 34

high-pressure regulator

Back 34

a one-gauge regulator that is used to power the flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device. The flow rate cannot be adjusted.

Front 35

hypoperfusion/shock

Back 35

the insufficient delivery of oxygen and other nutrients to some of the body’s cells and inadequate elimination of carbon dioxide and other wastes that results from inadequate circulation of blood. Also called hypoperfusion

Front 36

hypoxemia

Back 36

a low oxygen content in arterial blood

Front 37

hypoxia

Back 37

a reduced oxygen delivery to the tissues

Front 38

inhalation/inspiration

Back 38

the active process of breathing air into the lungs

Front 39

intercostal muscles

Back 39

the muscles between the ribs.

Front 40

internal respiration

Back 40

the gas exchange process that occurs between the cells and the capillaries

Front 41

jaw-thrust maneuver

Back 41

a manual technique used to open the airway in the patient with a suspected spinal injury. The fingers are placed at the angles of the jaw and used to lift the mandible up and forward

Front 42

laryngectomy

Back 42

a surgical procedure in which a patient’s larynx is partially or completely removed. A stoma is created for the patient to breathe through.

Front 43

larynx

Back 43

structure that houses the vocal cords and is located inferior to the pharynx and superior to the trachea

Front 44

lower airway

Back 44

the portion of the respiratory system that extends from the trachea to the alveoli of the lungs.

Front 45

minute volume

Back 45

the amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in one minute

Front 46

mucous membrane

Back 46

a thin layer of tissue that lines various structures within the body

Front 47

nasal cannula

Back 47

an oxygen delivery device that consists of two prongs that are inserted into the nose of the patient. The oxygen concentration delivered is from 24–44%.

Front 48

nasopharyngeal airway/nasal airway

Back 48

a curved, hollow rubber tube with a flange or flare at the top end and a bevel at the distal end that is inserted into the nose. It fits in the nasopharynx and extends into the pharynx providing a passage for air

Front 49

nasopharynx

Back 49

the portion of the pharynx that extends from the nostrils to the soft palate

Front 50

nonrebreather mask

Back 50

an oxygen delivery device that consists of a reservoir and one-way valve. It can deliver up to 95% to 98% oxygen to the patient

Front 51

oropharyngeal airway/oral airway

Back 51

a semicircular hard plastic device that is inserted in the mouth and holds the tongue away from the back of the pharynx

Front 52

oropharynx

Back 52

the central portion of the pharynx lying between the soft palate and the epiglottis with the mouth as the opening.

Front 53

oxygen humidifier

Back 53

a container that is filled with sterile water and connected to the oxygen regulator to add moisture to the dry oxygen prior to being delivered to the patient

Front 54

oxygenated

Back 54

containing high amounts of oxygen, as with arterial blood.

Front 55

oxygenation

Back 55

the form of respiration in which oxygen molecules move across a membrane from an area of high oxygen concentration to an area of low oxygen concentration, as when oxygen moves out of a blood vessel into a cell; the process by which the blood and the cells become saturated with oxygen

Front 56

parietal pleura

Back 56

the outermost pleural layer that adheres to the chest wall.

Front 57

partial rebreather mask

Back 57

an oxygen delivery device similar to a nonrebreather mask but with a two-way valve that allows the patient to rebreathe about one-third of his exhaled air.

Front 58

patent airway

Back 58

an airway that is open and clear of any obstructions

Front 59

pharynx

Back 59

the throat, or passageway for air from the nasal cavity to the larynx and passageway for food from the mouth to the esophagus; the common passageway for the respiratory and digestive tracts.

Front 60

pleura

Back 60

two layers of connective tissue that surround the lungs.

Front 61

pleural space

Back 61

a small space between the visceral and parietal pleura that is at negative pressure and filled with serous fluid

Front 62

positive pressure ventilation (PPV)

Back 62

method of aiding a patient whose breathing is inadequate by forcing air into his lungs

Front 63

pressure regulator

Back 63

a device that reduces the high pressure in an oxygen cylinder to a safe range, from 30 to 70 psi, and controls the flow of oxygen from 1 to 15 lpm

Front 64

residual volume

Back 64

the air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation.

Front 65

respiration

Back 65

the exchange of gases between an organism and its environment; the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide that takes place during inhalation and exhalation

Front 66

respiratory arrest

Back 66

complete stoppage of breathing. Also called apnea

Front 67

respiratory distress

Back 67

increased respiratory effort resulting from impaired respiratory function, while tidal volume and respiratory rate are still adequate.

Front 68

respiratory failure

Back 68

insufficient respiratory rate and/or tidal volume

Front 69

respiratory rate

Back 69

the number of breaths taken in one minute. Also called frequency.

Front 70

retractions

Back 70

depressions seen in the neck, above the clavicles, between the ribs, or below the rib cage from excessive muscle use during breathing. It is an indication of respiratory distress

Front 71

rigid catheter

Back 71

a rigid plastic tube that is part of a suctioning system, commonly referred to as a tonsil tip or tonsil sucker

Front 72

serous fluid

Back 72

fluid that acts as a lubricant to reduce the friction between the parietal and visceral pleura

Front 73

simple face mask

Back 73

has no reservoir and can deliver up to 60 percent oxygen, depending on the patient’s tidal volume and the oxygen flow rate

Front 74

snoring

Back 74

a sound that is heard when the base of the tongue or relaxed tissues in the pharynx partially block the upper airway; also called a sonorous sound.

Front 75

soft catheter

Back 75

flexible tubing that is part of a suctioning system, also called a French catheter.

Front 76

stoma

Back 76

a permanent surgical opening into the neck and trachea.

Front 77

stridor

Back 77

a harsh, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration that indicates swelling of the larynx or obstruction of the upper airway

Front 78

tachypnea

Back 78

a breathing rate that is faster than the normal rate

Front 79

therapy regulator

Back 79

a device that controls the flow and pressure of oxygen from the tank to allow for a consistent delivery of oxygen by liters per minute.

Front 80

thyroid cartilage

Back 80

the bulky cartilage that forms the anterior portion of the larynx. Also called the Adam’s apple.

Front 81

tidal volume

Back 81

the amount of air breathed in and out in one normal respiration

Front 82

tonsil tip/tonsil sucker

Back 82

rigid suction catheter

Front 83

trachea

Back 83

the tubelike structure that leads from the larynx to the lungs

Front 84

tracheostomy

Back 84

a surgical opening in the trachea

Front 85

tracheostomy mask

Back 85

is used to deliver aerosolized medication, bland aerosol therapy, or oxygen to a patient with a tracheostomy tube

Front 86

tracheostomy tube

Back 86

a hollow tube that is inserted into a tracheostomy to allow the patient to breathe.

Front 87

upper airway

Back 87

the portion of the respiratory system that extends from the nose and mouth to the larynx.

Front 88

ventilation

Back 88

the mechanical process by which air is moved in and out of the lungs, primarily caused by changes in pressure inside the chest

Front 89

Venturi mask

Back 89

also known as an air-entrainment mask, is a medical device to deliver a known oxygen concentration to patients on controlled oxygen therapy.

Front 90

visceral pleura

Back 90

innermost layer of the pleura that covers the lung.