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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Dependant Lividity
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Pooling of blood in lower parts of the body
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What makes up the birth canal
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The cervix and the vagina
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Ectopic pregnancy
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When the egg becomes fertilized outside of the uterus, usually in the filopian tubes
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Cavatation
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Damage caused by pressure waves eminating from a penetrating object
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Anemia
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deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin
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Describe compression fractures
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Stable injuries in which often only the anterior third of the vertabrae is collapsed
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Subdural hematoma
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Bleeding beneath the dura but outside the brain
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cerebral edema
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Swelling of the brain due to excess fluid
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Epidural hematoma
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bleeding outside the dura and under the skull
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How is the diastolic pressure determined
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The amount of pressure exerted on the arterial walls when the left ventricle repolarizes
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Epiglotitus
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Infection of the soft tissue in the area above the vocal chords : could affect airway
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describe wheezing
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A whistling sound as air travels through narrowed air passages in the bronchioles
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What is spontaneous respirations
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When a patient is breathing without assistance
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What does the diaphram do during inhilation/ expiration
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Contracts/ Relaxes
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Describe The breathing sound of crackling
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Sound caused by the flow of air through liquid, present in air pouches and smaller airways in the lungs
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Describe the placenta
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A disk shaped structure attached to the inner lining wall of the uterus and is connected to the fetus by the umbilical chord
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Describe the umbilical chord
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The fetus's lifeline, connecting it to the mother through the placenta
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How do you insert a Nasopharengeal airway ( NPA )
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Bevel towards the septum, and lubricate before entering
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What does DCAP-BTLS stand for
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Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Puncturs or penetrations, Bruises, Tenderness, Lacerations, Swelling
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What is a SAMPLE History
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Signs and Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Pertinent medical history, Last oral intake, Events leading up
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Describe Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
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Babies born to mothers who are alcoholics, often with birth defects like mental and physical retardation and congenital defects
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Describe the pediatric assesment triangle
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Three elements, Appearence, work of breathing, and circulation
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Describe end organ profusion
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Attaining the perfusion at distal points in the body, deduced by capillary refil
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Antegrade amnesia
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Loss of memory from after the incident
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What is the cerebrum
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Largest part of the brain that controls the autonomic nervous system
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Describe the amniotic sac
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A fluid filled baglike membrane that contains 500-1000 ML of aniotic fluid that protects the infant while it develops
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Describe a sinus rythym
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A normal rythym that starts at the SA
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Homeostasis
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Balance of all systems in the body, The body will attempt to keep this until it enters shock
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What are the suctioning time limits for Adults/ Children/ Infants
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15/10/5 Seconds
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What does the optic nerve do
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Helps transmit the response of light to the brain
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Common Causes of seizures
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Child abuse, Fever, Ideopathic, Ingestion, Medications, Previous seizure disorder, head trauma, electrolite imbalance, hypoglycemia, infection, hypoxia,poisoning, recreational drug use
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What is the function of the brain stem
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Keeps us alive, controls working of autonomic nervous system
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define Incision
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A sharp smooth cut
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Contusion
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Bruise resulting from blunt force striking the body
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What is Syncope
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fainting
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What is spontaneous Pnuemothorax
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Accumulation of air in the plueral space, decreasing the vaccum pressure collapsing the lungs
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Transient Ischemic Attack
(TIA) |
AKA Ministrokes...
A disorder of the brain in which braincells temporarily stop working because of insuficient O2 causing strokelike symptoms that resolve completely w/i 24 Hrs |
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Define Anaphylactic Shock
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shock that occurs when a person reacts violently to a substance to which he or she has been sensitized by inhilation, ingestion, injection
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What is Postictal state
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The period following a siezure that lasts between 5-30 minutes characterized by labored respirations and some degree of altered mental status
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Describe Turgor
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Ability of skin to resist deformation
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define incontinence
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Loss of bowel and bladder control due to a generalized siezure
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Aphasia
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The inability to understand or produce speech
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Describe Congestive Heart Failure
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The damaged muscle in the heart cannot keep up with the returm flow of blood from the Atria
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define Evisceration
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An open wound of the abdominal cavity with organs protruding
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What is Ventricular fibrulation
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Disorganized ineffective quivering of the ventricles, no blood is being pumped through the body
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What is Ventricular Tachycardia
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A rapid heart rythym, usually at a rate of 150-200 bpm
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define Depression
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A persistent feeling of sadness and despair, May be a symptom of a mental or physical disorder
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Ecchymosis
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Discoloration of the skin associated with a closed wound or bruising
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What is Pulse Oxymetry
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measures oxygen saturation in the hemoglobin
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What is a myocardial contusion
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Bruising of the heart muscle
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Describe status epilepticus
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A condition in which seizures reoccur every few minutes or last more than 30 minutes
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What is Epinephrine
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The main hormone used to control the bodies fight or flight response
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What is Pulmonary contusion
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Bruising of the lung
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What are the ventilation rates for Adult/ Child and infant
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Adult 1 Breath 5-6 sec
Child 1 breath 3-5 Sec Infant 1 breath 3-5 sec |
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Primary breathing process is triggered by what
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Too much CO2 in the blood
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What are the factors affecting exposure
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Age, Physical condition, Nutrition and Hydration, Environmental conditions
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Describe Tonic Clonic
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A type of seizure that features rhythmic back and forth motion of an extremity and body stiffness
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How can Poisons enter your body
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Inhilation, Ingestion, Injection, Absorbtion
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Where is the pain localized with a kidney infection
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Costo vertabral angle
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Define Sphincters
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Circular muscular walls that constrict and dialate to control blood flow
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What is the difference between a generic and trade name of a drug
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Generic ibuprofin(lower case)
Trade Advil( capitalized) |
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Where is the fluid that keeps the conjunctiva moist produced
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Lacrimal glands
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explain Compartment Syndrome
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When enough force is applied to the body causing the blood vessels to compress and cutting off blood flow to a certain area, usually followed by excesive swelling
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Define Infarction
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The death of tissue
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What is required for a patient to give informed refusal
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The patient must be A&O x 4 and Have been informed of the benefits, risks and alternatives to care
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Describe Type II Diabetes
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The body does not produce adequate insulin or the insulin does not function properly
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Define Hemiparesis
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Weakness on one side of the body
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What is Difenbachoa and what is its common name
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A plant commonly reffered to as elephant ears, has barbs that can block or swell throat
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Describe the Dura
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Leathery covering of the brain
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What gland is reffered to as the master gland
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The pituitary gland
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What are the typical signs and symptoms of sedative hypnotics
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slurred speech
sedation or coma Hypoventilation hypotension |
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DESCRIBE APPEARENT LIFE THREATENING EVENT
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infants who were not breathing and appear cyonotic but resume breathing and color with stimulation
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What are some signs of increased work of breathing in children
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Accesory muscle use
Head bobbing Retractions Nasal Flaring Tacypnea |
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Describe croup
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a viral infection of the lower airway accompaniedby a deep raspy cough
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Describe the Cervix
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The lower 3rd or neck of the uterus
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define fetus
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The developing unborn infant
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define perineum
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The area of skin between the genitals and the anus
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what is paradoxical motion
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When only one section of the chest rises on inspiration while another area of the chest falls
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Explain the term guarding
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Active contraction of abdominal muscles while they are palpated
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Describe Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
SARS |
A virus, serious and potentially fatal, caused by same virus as common cold, starts with flu like symptoms and can progress to pnuemonia, respiratory failure and death
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What is the retroperitoneal space
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Lies between the abdominal cavity and the posterior abdominal wall
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What are the rwo parts of the autonomic nervous system
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Sympathetic
Parasympathetic |
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What is the parasympathetic nervous system
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Causes blood vessels to dialate, slowing heart rate and relaxing muscle sphincters
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what is the sympathetic nervous system
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reacts to the stress of the fight or flight response
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Describe the acronym PEARLL
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Pupils
Equal in size Round Regular Light(reaction to) |
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Describe supine hypotensive syndrome
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a problem due to the compression by the pregnant uterus on the inferior vena cava when the mother lays on her back
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Define occiput
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The back of the head
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Describe Tenting
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A condition in which the skin remains depressed after you remove your finger, indicates dehydration
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Describe the bloody show
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Small amount of blood at the vagina that appears at the onset of labor
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Describe the AVPU scale and what it is used for
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to determine the patients responsiveness
Alert and awake Verbal Stimuli Painful stimuli Unresponsive |
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Describe the two types of peripheral nerves
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Sensory nerves- carry info to the CNS
Motor Nerves - Carry info from the CNS to the muscles |
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What is a gastrostomy Tube
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Placed through the wall of the abdomen directly into the stomach for feeding children who cannot be fed by mouth
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What is pericardial tamponade
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Blood or other fluids collecting in the pericardium
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What would classify a burn as critical
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Full thickness burns involving the hands feet, face or upper airway
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Define Compensated Shock
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The early stages of shock when the body can still compensate for blood loss
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What questions should you ask a patient thought to have ingested poison
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What did you take
When did you take it How much what have you done how much do you weigh |
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What are the typical symptoms of anticholinergics
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tachycardia,hyperthermia, hypertension, dialated pupils, dry skin and mucus membranes, sedation, agitation, coma, delerium
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Define laryngospasm
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the muscles of the larynx & vocal chords spasming
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Describe colic
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acute, intermittent cramping abdominal pain
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Describe ileus
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paralysis of the bowel, arising from anyone of several causes, and stops contractions that move material through the intestine
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Define nuerogenic shock
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shock caused by damage to the spinal chord, particularly at the upper cervical levels causing injury to the autonomic nervous system
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What are the 5 parts of the spine and how many vertabrae do they contain
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cervical - 7
thorasic - 12 lumbar - 5 sacrum - 5 cossyx - 4 total - 35 |
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Describe cholecystitus
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inflamation of the gallbladder
pain in the upper right quadrant directly and reffered to the right shoulder |
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What is conjuctivitus
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The conjuctiva becomes red and inflamed
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Define tension pneumothorax
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accumulation of air in the plueral space that causes pressure to push against the heart, lungs and diaphram
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Define kussmaul respiration
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rapid and deep respirations occuring in diabetic emergencies
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Define phsycogenic shock
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a sudden reaction of the nervous system that produces a temprorary generalized vascular dialation resulting in syncope
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what are the different types of burns
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thermal
chemical electrical light radiation |
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what is an occlusive bandage
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a bandage that does not allow airflow into the injury
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