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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why is it important to obtain and monitor a Patients Vital signs
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They are our best indicator as to the patients current condition. Monitoring them lets us see if the signs are stable or changing
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Why is obtaining the patients history important
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This will give us indications as to why the patient is in the current condition and if the re are any problems we need to be aware of.
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What information do we need to know about the patient
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Name
Age Gender Race Look for identification if they are unconscious |
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What is a symptom
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Something that the patient is experiencing that cannot be seen heard or felt by the EMT such as pain
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What is a sign
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A condition that can be seen heard or felt by the EMT like a broken leg
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What are Baseline Vitals
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The first set of Vitals take of the patient
Used to compare all further vitals taken |
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What is the Big 6 or the sic vital signs taken of a patient
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Respiration's (Rate/Quality)
Lung Sounds Pulse (rate/quality) Blood Pressure Pupils Skin (color/temp/condiction) |
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Name other key indicators beside vitals
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Level of consciousness
Capillary refill time (2 Sec) Overall Patient Presentation |
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What are the normal respiration rates
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Adult 8-24
Child 15-30 Infant 25-50 |
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What does a Pulse Oximetry measure
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The Saturation of hemoglobin in the capillary beds
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Where is a pulse found
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Where a major artery lies near the surface of the skin and can be pressed against a bone or solid organ
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Name the 3 main pulse points
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Carotid
Radial Brachial |
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Name 3 other locations
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Femoral
Posterior Tibia Dorsalis Pedis |
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What is the name of the pulse location behind the knee
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Popliteal
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How do you determine the pulse rate
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Count the number of beats in 30 seconds and multiply by 2
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What three qualities are we looking for in a pulse
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Rate
Strength Regularity |
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What are the normal pulse Rates
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Adult 60-100
Child 80-120 Toddler 90-150 Infant 120-160 |
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What 3 qualities are we looking for when assessing the skin
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Color (pink, normal, pale, blue, red, yellow)
Temp (warm, hot, cold) Condition (dry, moist, wet) |
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When is capillary refill a good check to make
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When the patients is 6 or <
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What does good profusion mean
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The body is circulating enough oxygenated blood
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A drop in blood pressure is indicative of what conditions
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Loss of blood
loss of vascular tone Cardiac pumping problem |
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What are the two parts of blood pressure and what do they indicate
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Systolic pressure of the pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts
Diastolic the pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is relaxed |
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Name 5 sizes of BP cuffs
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Thigh
Large adult Adult Child Infant |
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What age should the patient be to have BP taken
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Older than 3 years
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What are two ways to read a blood pressure
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Auscultation or listening for it
Palpation of feel for it |
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Are BP numbers always odd or even
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Even
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What is the procedure for palpating a blood pressure
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Secure the cuff as usual
locate the radial pulse inflate cuff to 180-200 MMHG Release air slowly until pulse is felt and record the systolic pressure |
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How is a palpation BP recorded
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Systolic over P 120/P
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Is the BP taken by Palpation higher or lower than BP taken by auscultation
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Lower by about 10 MMHG
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What are the normal pulse ranges
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Adults
100-140 MMHG systolic 60-90 MMHG diastolic Children 70-100 MMHG Systolic 70 + (2x yrs) diastolic Infants (newborn to 1 year) 60 MMHG systolic |
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If you can feel a pulse the patient has a blood pressure. What and where?
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Radial 80
Femoral 70 Carotid 60 |
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How can you assess the patient LOC or Level Of Consciousness
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AVPU scale
Glascow Coma Scale |
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What is AVPU
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A lert
responsive to V erbal stimulus responsive to P ain U nresponsive |
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What is the range of the Glascow scale
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3 to 15
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What are the 3 qualities checked in teh Glascow Coma scale
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Eye opening
Verbal response Motor response |
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What are the 4 eye opening responses evaluated by the GCS
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4 Spontaneous
3 To Voice 2 To Pain 1 None |
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What are the 5 Verbal responses evaluated by GCS
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5 Oriented
4 Confused 3 Inappropriate words 2 Incomprehensible words 1 None |
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What are the 6 Motor responses evaluated by the GCS
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6 Obeys commands
5 Localizes Pain 4 Withdraws from pain 3 Flexion 2 Extension 1 None |
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What is the lowest number a patient can receive on the GCS
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3
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What does the term PEARL mean with referring to pupil assessment
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Pupils
Equal And Reactive/Round to Light |
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List the 5 abnormal pupil reactions
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Fixed with no reaction to light
Dilate with light and constrict without light (reverse) React sluggishly Unequal in size Unequal with light or when light is removed |
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How often do we reassess patients vitals
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Every 15 minutes for stable
Every 5 for unstable |
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What are two common techniques for obtaining a Patients history
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SAMPLE
OPQRST |
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What does SAMPLE focus on
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Giving a complete picture of the patient
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What does OPQRST focus on
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The current symptoms of the patient
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What does the SAMPLE stand for
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Sighs and Symptoms
Allergies Medications Pertinent past history Last oral intake Events leading to injury or illness |
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What does the OPQRST stand for
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Onset (what were u doing when symptoms started)
Provocation (Does anything make is worse) Quality (how would you describe the pain) Radiation *(does the pain radiate anywhere else) Severity (on a scale of 1 to 10) Time (when did the symptoms start) |
