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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the tissue layers from the outer layer of the skin to the bone.
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Epidermis
Dermis Subcutaneous Fascia Muscles |
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What is the fascia layer
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Layer of tissue between muscle and fat
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Name the 6 functions of the Skin
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Keeps bacteria out
Water tight Nerves report sensations to the brain Regulates temp |
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Define closed wound
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Internal injury with no open pathway from the outside to the injured site
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List 3 types of closed wounds
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Contusions - bruise
Hematoma - swelling from broken blood vessel Crush Injury |
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How do EMT-Bs handle closed wounds
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BSI
LOC ABC Treat for shock if suspected Splint painful, swollen or deformed extremities Transport |
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Define open wound
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An injury in which the skin is interrupted or broken exposing the tissue underneath
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List 5 types of open wounds
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Abrasions
lacerations Avulsions Punctures Amputations Crush |
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How does an EMT-B handle an open wound
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BSI \ LOC \ ABC
Expose the wound Control the bleeding Bandage and prevent contamination Keep patient calm and quiet Treat for shock Transport Ongoing assessment |
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How does an EMT-B handle an amputation
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BSI \ LOC \ ABC
Control bleeding Do not complete partial amputations Treat for shock Wrap the amputated part in sterile dressing Wrap part in plastic and keep cool Transport part with patient if possible |
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List 5 sources of burns
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Thermal
Chemical Electrical Light Radiation |
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List three degrees of burns and their associated depth
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1st - Superficial
2nd - Partial thickness 3rd - Full thickness |
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Describe 1st or superficial burn
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Reddened skin
Pain at burn site Involves only epidermis |
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Describe 2nd or partial thickness burns
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Intense pain
White to red skin Blisters Involves epidermis and dermis |
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Describe 3rd or full thickness burns
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Dry leathery skin (white, dark, brown, charred)
Loss of sensation (little pain) All dermal layers may be involved |
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The patients hand is what percent of the body's surface area (BSA)
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1 %
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List the areas covered by the rules of nine for adult
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Head 9%
Cheat 9% Abdomen 9% Back 18% Upper&Lower One Leg 9% Both Arms 9% Genitals 1% |
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List the areas covered by the rules of nine for adult
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Head 18%
Cheat 9% Abdomen 9% Back 18% Upper&Lower One Leg 13.5% Arm 9% Genitals 1% |
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Define the criteria for critical burns.
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Any burns with respriatory injuries
Full thickness burns on more than 10% BSA Partial thickness burns on more than 30% of BSA Burns with painful, swollen or deformed extremity Moderate burns in young or elderly Any burns to face, hands or feet Burns to genitalia Burns encircling any part of the body (arm, chest, leg, etc) |
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Define the criteria for moderate burns
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Full thickness burns on 2-10% of BSA
Superficial burns on more than 50% of BSA |
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Define the criteria for minor burns
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Full thickness burns on less than 2% of BSA
Partial thickness burns on less than 15% of BSA |
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Define modified burn severity for critical burn for children and infants
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Any full thickness burn
Partial thickness on more than 20% of BSA or involving the face, feet, and hands |
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Define modified burn severity for moderate burn for children and infants
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Partial thickness on 10-20% of BSA
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Define modified burn severity for minor burn for children and infants
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Partial thickness on less than 10% of BSA
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How does an EMT-B handle burn injuries
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BSI \ LOC \ ABC
Stop the burning process with water or saline Remove smoldering clothes or jewelry Prevent further contamination Monitor the airway for closure Cover burn with DRY sterile dressing Don't apply ointment or lotions Don not break blisters Transport following local protocols |
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Which source of burn has the most potential for internal injury
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Electrical
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Key things to remember when you handle chemical burns
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Brush off dry powers
Flush |
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Key things to remember when you handle Electrical burns
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Do not touch patient if still in contact with electrical source
Watch for cardiac or respiratory arrest Look for entrance and exit wounds |
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What is an Air Embolism or Subcutaneous emphysema
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Air in the veins
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What is the treatment for a neck laceration
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Cover with a gloved hand and then secure it with an occlusive dressing taped on all four sides
Apply pressure to control bleeding |
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How do you apply a pressure dressing on the neck
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Loosely on the neck and firmly under the opposite arm pit
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How do you handle wounds with penetrating object still in place
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Stabilize the object but don't remove it
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When can an impaled object be removed
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If it is in the cheek and obstructing the airway
Interferes with need chest compressions Interferes with transport If in doubt check with Medical control |
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Name the 11 parts of the eye
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Globe \ Pupil
Iris \ Sclera Conjunctiva \ Cornea Aqueous Humor Vitreous Humor Lens \ Optic Nerve Retina |
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How do you flush the eye
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From the nose outward with a bulb syringe or nasal cannula
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When dealing with eye injuries which Eye is covered
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Both
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How do you handle an object stuck to the cornea
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Leave it alone
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Why would you use a cup when bandaging an eye injury
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Put it over the injured eye to protect it
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How long do you irrigate the eye for a chemical burn
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About 20 min
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What type of dressing is use for eye injuries
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Moist sterile dressings
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What do you need to remember when dealing with eye lacerations
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Never exert pressure or manipulate the eye if the globe itself is lacerated because it may squeeze the vitreous humor, lens, iris or retina out of the eye
Cover the eye with moist sterile dressing and a metal eye shield |
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What is Hyphema
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Bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye
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What is a blowout fracture
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A fracture of the orbital bone
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List 4 injuries to the eye caused by blunt trauma
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Black eye
Hyphema Blowout fracture Retinal detachment |
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What are the signs and symptoms of a detached retina
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Flashing lights
Specks or floater in the filed of vision A cloud or shade over patients vision |
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What eye injuries can be expected following a head injury
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One pupil larger than the other
Eyes not moving together or pointing in different directions Failure of the eyes to follow equally Bleeding under the conjunctiva Protrusion or bulging of one eye |
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How do we handle contact lenses or artificial eyes
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Leave them in the eye unless there is a chemical burn
Notify medical control |
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What is the difference between a dressing and a bandage
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Dressing is applied to the wound. Bandage is applied to hold the dressing in place.
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