Ems Refresher

Front 1

Which medication is used for the prophylaxis and treatment of mountain sicknesss?

Back 1

Diamox

Front 2

True or False: The hypoxic ventilatory response is the increase in ventilation as a response to hypoxia.

Back 2

True

Front 3

You have a patient who has been at 12,000 feet for 24 hours and is now complaining of shortness of breath, tachycardia, productive cough and wet lung sounds in the right middle lobe. This patient is presenting with what type of altitude illness?

Back 3

HACE

Front 4

High altitude is considered to be ________________.

Back 4

5,000 to 12,000 feet

Front 5

Wind Current takes heat from the body by way of _____________.

Back 5

convection

Front 6

True or False: A key way to differentiate between mild and moderate hypothermia is the presence or absence of shivering.

Back 6

true

Front 7

Which of the following can impair thermoregulation?

Back 7

Smoking, Tight-fitting clothes, Hypovolemia

Front 8

Your patient presents with weakness, tachycardia, nausea, pale, cool and clammy skin. The patient is alert and oriented. This patient is most likely in which stage of heat illness?

Back 8

Heat Exhaustion

Front 9

The only safe and definitive way to differentiate between heat exhaustion and heat stroke is to evaluate the patient’s ________________.

Back 9

Level of Response

Front 10

True or False: Heat cramps are most commonly seen in small muscle groups.

Back 10

False

Front 11

All of the following would predispose a patient to heat illness EXCEPT:

Back 11

Becoming acclimated to the heat

Front 12

The most common cause (type) of lightning injury is __________________.

Back 12

Splash Current

Front 13

True or False: New Mexico leads the nation in lightning deaths per capita.

Back 13

True

Front 14

True or False: The Lichtenberg rash from a lightning strike is permanent.

Back 14

False

Front 15

Which of the following is the safest location in a lightning storm?

Back 15

Inside a house, not talking on a phone

Front 16

True or False: When in the wilderness, the best place to seek shelter from lightning is in an area of densely packed trees.

Back 16

True

Front 17

You are responding to a Haz-Mat scene. Which of the following responsibilities is the MOST important?

Back 17

The safety of you, your crew, and any patients or bystanders

Front 18

When removing a patient from a Hazardous Materials scene, which of the following entities should you contact?

Back 18

The receiving facility to which you are bringing your patient

Front 19

There are several ‘control zones’ associated with a Haz-Mat scene. EMS personnel and equipment should be staged in the ___________ zone.

Back 19

Cold

Front 20

You are the Triage Officer of an MCI situation. As you are moving through patients, you note a deceased patient. This patient would receive a ____________ card.

Back 20

Black

Front 21

What is an on-scene report?

Back 21

A brief report given by an involved responder that describes the situation and requests
further information and resources.

Front 22

Which of the following BEST defines an MCI?

Back 22

An incident that ‘outstrips’ the available first-responder resources

Front 23

NIMS (and its Incident Command System) provide which of the following?

Back 23

Organization and Structure protocols to manage a large incident

Front 24

You are utilizing START Triage protocol. Your evaluation is based on which of the following?

Back 24

Pulse, Respiration, Mental Status

Front 25

A high, arched palette, thick necks, and a non-visible uvula will always make for a more difficult supraglottic insertion.

Back 25

False

Front 26

Which of the following patients would benefit most from pretreatment with oxygen?

Back 26

Each of these patients would benefit

Front 27

The goal is always to get a good intubation in a patient needing airway management.

Back 27

False

Front 28

A contraindication for the use of an NPA would be:

Back 28

Raccoon eyes

Front 29

Which of the following features would make you MOST concerned about insertion of a supraglottic airway?

Back 29

A patient to whom it is difficult to perform BVM ventilations.

Front 30

Utilizing the Mechanism of Injury to anticipate injuries is never a good idea.

Back 30

False

Front 31

Scene safety and PPE will always be a high priority.

Back 31

True

Front 32

When working with a team dealing with a traumatic airway, ___________ is the most important aspect.

Back 32

Communication

Front 33

Which of the following is the best identifier of shock?

Back 33

Altered Mental Status

Front 34

Which of the following will give you the best patient outcome?

Back 34

Early Intervention

Front 35

True or False: Troponin is the most accurate cardiac enzyme to test for a patient complaining of chest pain for the past 30 minutes.

Back 35

False

Front 36

With the population over the age of 65 growing at such a rapid rate, the following factors are contributing to changes in the national EMS system include the following:

Back 36

Higher patient load, higher acuity, and patients who have been able to live with more chronic problems because of better medicine and pharmacology.

Front 37

True or False: Multiple PVC’s show a potential for significant cardiac damage, including sudden cardiac death.

Back 37

True

Front 38

Which of the following best explains why testing a myoglobin level is a beneficial tool when caring for a cardiac patient?

Back 38

There is always a minimal amount of myoglobin in the blood. When heart muscle breaks down,
myoglobin will be immediately released into the bloodstream, giving a elevated
reading.

Front 39

Which of the following is a common trait in the geriatric population?

Back 39

Patients frequently do not complain or may not reveal all of their symptoms
or pain until it becomes unmanageable or requires extreme care.

Front 40

Assessing a pediatric patient can be a “guessing game” because:

Back 40

Children may be afraid of a stranger asking personal questions

Front 41

As we age, our digestive systems undergo significant changes; and as an EMS provider giving medications, we need to be cognizant of the following digestive issues:

Back 41

There is a decrease in blood flow, a decrease in water motility and body mass which makes dosing and medication interactions a much more significant issue in the elderly than those who are young or middle aged.

Front 42

As we age, the changes that happen to the muscoskeletal system include:

Back 42

Decrease in muscle, bone and subcutaneous fat masses making it more difficult to regulate body temperature, recover from injuries and the ability to process medications.

Front 43

Metabolic demands of children are _________ those of adults.

Back 43

Two times

Front 44

The most common error in providing emergency care to children is:

Back 44

Underestimating the severity of the injury

Front 45

An organized, systematic approach to pediatric assessment:

Back 45

Provides the best outcome

Front 46

Approximately what percentage of EMS calls are pediatric patients?

Back 46

5%

Front 47

When providing psychosocial support to a pediatric patient you should:

Back 47

Utilize available anxiety-reducing techniques

Front 48

An infant that opens her eyes to a shout, cries inconsolably, and withdraws to pain has a Glascow Coma Score of:

Back 48

10

Front 49

Getting an accurate body temperature as part of pediatric assessment is important because:

Back 49

It is part of their vital signs and provides valuable diagnostic information

Front 50

Clear or pinkish fluid draining from the ear(s) of a head injured pediatric patient most likely indicates:

Back 50

A probable basilar skull fracture

Front 51

In the pediatric assessment triangle, “Appearance” generally assesses:

Back 51

Level of consciousness

Front 52

Taking visual cues and listening to ‘gut feelings’ is important in a primary trauma assessment.

Back 52

True

Front 53

Which of the following vital signs will be the LEAST reliable soon after a trauma?

Back 53

Blood pressure

Front 54

You are called to a local bar for a fight. After the scene has been secured, you enter the bar and note that you have four patients. Additional units are enroute. Which patient is going to be considered the most critical and will be sent out first?

Back 54

24 year-old male, with 2 stab wounds to his LUQ

Front 55

It is more beneficial to place a pediatric patient in headblocks or a rolled towel/blanket to stabilize the c-spine than an ill-fitting c-collar.

Back 55

True

Front 56

When assessing the c-spine, we are checking for:

Back 56

Mid-line, point tenderness

Front 57

You have a 5 year-old patient. She was a restrained patient in an MVC. Based on mechanism and pediatric anatomy, you are most concerned about which type of injury?

Back 57

Pulmonary Contusion

Front 58

Because of the many sizes available, the ___________ would be the best for pediatric trauma patients.

Back 58

LMA

Front 59

Mentation and general affect is a poor assessment tool soon after a trauma.

Back 59

False

Front 60

Which gas is used to monitor acid/base levels in the body?

Back 60

Carbon Dioxide

Front 61

___________ is defined as the body’s process used to maintain all basic functions and equilibrium.

Back 61

Homeostasis

Front 62

Which of the following reactions is an example of an exergonic reaction?

Back 62

A reaction that requires little energy and has a high yield

Front 63

The body uses multiple methods of communication. Which of the following systems is responsible for the ‘longer to take effect’ and the longer acting methods?

Back 63

Endocrine system

Front 64

Which of the following properties of water is most needed for proper human body function?

Back 64

Water is a universal solvent, and has a high heat of vaporization

Front 65

In order to maintain acid base balance, the body monitors via chemoreceptors and baroreceptors which of the following gasses?

Back 65

Carbon Dioxide

Front 66

The normal pH of the human body should be _________________

Back 66

7.35 - 7.45

Front 67

The four primary cations of the body are:

Back 67

Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium

Front 68

The definition of an acid is:

Back 68

A substance that removes hydrogen ions from a solution

Front 69

The three primary anions of the body are:

Back 69

Chloride, Bicarbonate, Phosphate

Front 70

Which of the following is NOT a piece of pertinent past medical history?

Back 70

Tonsillectomy, age 4

Front 71

A SIGN is ______________, a SYMPTOM is ________________.

Back 71

What we see, what the patient tells us

Front 72

When palpating the abdomen, it is best to start at the area the patient is having pain and move away from it.

Back 72

False

Front 73

You have a 56-year-old male patient complaining of the ‘loin to groin’ pain pattern (flank pain, radiating around to the abdomen) and rates it at a 9/10. This patient most likely has:

Back 73

Renal Stones

Front 74

True or False: Blood glucose levels directly affect HbA1C levels.

Back 74

True

Front 75

For a normal person, a normal HbA1C level would be ___________. For a patient with Type 1 diabetes, a primarily targeted HbA1C level would be ___________.

Back 75

4.5-6%, 7%

Front 76

Which of the following statements regarding Insulin Pump Therapy is NOT true?

Back 76

It helps convert glucagon to usable glucose for the body.

Front 77

A patient with an insulin pump will give themselves a(n) ___________ when they eat any form of snack or meal.

Back 77

bolus

Front 78

The catheter inserted with an insulin pump is similar to:

Back 78

An IV angiocath

Front 79

True or False: The majority of insulin pumps are worn for an average of 3 days.

Back 79

True

Front 80

True or False: An inserted glucose monitor must be inserted as close to the insulin pump as possible (preferably within 3 inches).

Back 80

False

Front 81

How are insulin pumps removed?

Back 81

Disconnect the twist/lock device by twisting just above where the catheter enters the body, or Cut the connective tubing.

Front 82

You have a 30-year-old male patient who presents with extreme respiratory distress and blisters covering his skin. This man has been exposed to______________.

Back 82

Mustard Gas

Front 83

EVERY time you get a poisoning of any kind, even if you know what to do, you should call the Poison Control Center.

Back 83

True

Front 84

A black widow spider bite would be which type of poisoning?

Back 84

Injection

Front 85

You are called to a 5-year-old child who has ingested his entire bottle of gummy vitamins. What type of overdose are you most concerned about?

Back 85

Iron Poisoning

Front 86

You are called to a potential suicidal overdose. What is your No. 1 priority?

Back 86

Scene Safety

Front 87

A possible, very dangerous side of effect of an overdose of nitrates would be ____________, and the treatment is _________.

Back 87

Methemoglobinemia, methylene blue

Front 88

What is the lethal dose of acetaminophen (Tylenol)?

Back 88

140 mg/kg

Front 89

You have a patient presenting with cholinergic (SLUDGE) signs/symptoms. What is your treatment?

Back 89

Atropine IV, Atrovent Neb

Front 90

To utilize a traction splint for a femur fracture, the fracture must NOT be:

Back 90

open

Front 91

Applying traction to a fracture should cause more pain to the patient, so we should always offer pain medication before we apply traction.:

Back 91

False

Front 92

When applying a tib/fib splint, we should leave an open area either on the ankle or the top of the foot so we may _____________.

Back 92

Continue to check distal pulses