Empiric Antimicrobial Therapy From Basic And Clinical Pharmacology

Front 1

Moraxella catarrhalis

Back 1

First Choice: TMP-SMZ, cephalosporin (2nd, 3rd)

Alternative: erythromycin, quinolone, clarithromycin, azithromycin

Front 2

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Back 2

First Choice: Ceftriaxone, cefpodoxime

Alternative: Spectinomycin, cefoxitin

Front 3

Neisseria meningitidis

Back 3

First Choice: Penicillin G

Alternative: Chloramphenicol, cephalosporin (3rd)

Front 4

E.coli
Klebsiella
Proteus

Back 4

First Choice: Cephalosporin (1st, 2nd), TMP-SMZ

Alternative: Quinolone, aminoglycoside

Front 5

Enterobacter
Citrobacter
Serratia

Back 5

First Choice: TMP-SMZ, quinolone, carbapenem

Alternative: Antipseudomonal penicillin, aminoglycoside, cefepime

Front 6

Shigella

Back 6

First Choice: Quinolone

Alternative:TMP-SMZ, ampicillin, azithromycin, ceftriaxone

Front 7

Salmonella

Back 7

First Choice: TMP-SMZ, quinolone, cephalosporin (3rd)

Alternative: Chloramphenicol, ampicillin

Front 8

Campylobacter jejuni

Back 8

First Choice: Erythromycin, azithromycin

Alternative: tetracycline, quinolone

Front 9

Brucella species

Back 9

First Choice: Doxycycline + rifampin, aminoglycoside

Alternative: Chloramphenicol + amoxicillin, TMP-SMZ

Front 10

Helicobacter pylori

Back 10

First Choice: Bismuth + metronidazole + tetracycline or amoxicillin

Alternative: Proton pump inhibitor + amoxicillin or clarithromycin

Front 11

Vibrio species

Back 11

First Choice: Tetracycline

Alternative: Quinolone, TMP-SMZ

Front 12

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Back 12

First Choice: Antipseudomonal penicillin + aminoglycoside

Alternative: Antipseudomonal penicillin + quinolone, cefepime, ceftazidime, imipenem, meropenem or aztreoman + aminoglycoside

Front 13

Burkhoderia cepacia
(Pseudomonas cepacia)

Back 13

First Choice: TMP-SMZ

Alternative: Ceftazidime, choramphenicol

Front 14

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Back 14

First Choice: TMP-SMZ

Alternative: Minocycline, ticarcillin-clavulanate, quinolone

Front 15

Legionella species

Back 15

First Choice: Azithromycin + rifampin or quinolone + rifampin

Alternative: Clarithromycin, erythromycin, doxycycline

Front 16

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Back 16

First Choice: PCN

Alternative: Doxycycline, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, quinolones, erythromycin, linezolid, ketolides

Front 17

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A)

Back 17

First Choice: PCN, clindamycin

Alternative: erythromycin, cephalosporin (1st)

Front 18

Strep. agalactiae (group B)

Back 18

First Choice: PCN (+aminoglycoside)

Alternative: vancomycin

Front 19

Viridans strep

Back 19

First Choice: PCN

Alternative: Cephalosporin (1st, 3rd), vancomycin

Front 20

Staph aureus
Beta-lactamase-negative

Back 20

First Choice: PCN

Alternative: cephalosporin (1st), vancomycin

Front 21

Staph aureus
Beta-lactamase-positive

Back 21

First Choice: Penicillinase-resistant PCN

Alternative: cephalosporin (1st), vancomycin

Front 22

Staph aureus
Methicillin-resistant`

Back 22

First Choice: Vancomycin

Alternative: TMP-SMZ, minocycline, linezolid, daptomycin, tigecycline

Front 23

Enterococcus species

Back 23

First Choice: Penicillin + aminoglycoside

Alternative: Vancomycin + aminoglycoside

Front 24

Bacillus species (non-anthracis)

Back 24

First Choice: Vancomycin

Alternative: Imipenem, quinolone, clindamycin

Front 25

Listeria species

Back 25

First Choice: Ampicillin (+aminoglycoside)

Alternative: TMP-SMZ

Front 26

Nocardia species

Back 26

First Choice: Sulfadiazine, TMP-SMZ

Alternative: Minocycline, imipenem, amikacin, linezolid

Front 27

Clostridia, Peptococcus, Actinomyces, Peptostreptococcus

Back 27

First Choice: PCN, clindamycin

Alternative: Vancomycin, carbapenem, chloramphenicol

Front 28

Clostridium difficile

Back 28

First Choice: Metronidazole

Alternative: Vancomycin, bacitracin

Front 29

Bacteroides fragilis

Back 29

First Choice: Metronidazole

Alternative: Chloramphenicol, carbapenems, beta-lactam-beta-lactamase-inhibitor combination, clindamycin

Front 30

Fusobacterium
Prevotella
Porphyromonas

Back 30

First Choice: metronidazole, clindamycin, PCN

Alternative:

Front 31

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Back 31

First Choice: Isoniazid + rifampin + ethambutol + pyrazinamide

Alternative: Streptomycin, quinolone, amikacin, ethionamide, cycloserine, PAS, linezolid

Front 32

Mycobacterium leprae

Back 32

First Choice: Dapsone + rifampin + clofazimine

Alternative:

Front 33

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Back 33

First Choice: Tetracycline, erythromycin

Alternative: azithromycin, clarithromycin, quinolone, ketolide

Front 34

Chlamydia trachomatis

Back 34

First Choice: Tetracyclin, azithromycin

Alternative: clindamycin, ofloxacin

Front 35

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Back 35

First Choice: tetracycline, erythromycin

Alternative: clarithromycin, azithromycin, ketolide

Front 36

Chlamydia psittaci

Back 36

First Choice: Tetracycline

Alternative: chloramphenicol

Front 37

Borrelia recurrentis

Back 37

First Choice: doxycycline

Alternative: erthromycin, chloramphenicol, PCN

Front 38

Borrelia burgdorferi

Back 38

First Choice: Early-doxycycline, amoxicillin; Late-ceftriaxone

Alternative: cefuroxime axetil, PCN

Front 39

Leptospira species

Back 39

First Choice: PCN

Alternative: tetracycline

Front 40

Treponema species

Back 40

First Choice: PCN

Alternative: tetracycline, azithromycin, ceftriaxone

Front 41

Aspergillus species

Back 41

First Choice: Voriconazole

Alternative: amphotericin B, itraconazole, caspofungin

Front 42

Blastomyces species

Back 42

First Choice: Amphotericin B

Alternative: Itraconazole, ketoconazole

Front 43

Candida species

Back 43

First Choice: Amphotericin B, caspofungin

Alternative: Fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, micafungin, anidulafungin

Front 44

Cryptococcus

Back 44

First Choice: Amphotericin B + flucytosine

Alternative: fluconazole

Front 45

Coccidiodes immitis

Back 45

First Choice: Amphotericin B

Alternative: fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole

Front 46

Histoplasma capsulatum

Back 46

First Choice: amphotericin B

Alternative: itraconazole

Front 47

Mucoraceae (Rhizopus, Absidia)

Back 47

First Choice: amphotericin B

Alternative:

Front 48

Sporothrix schenkii

Back 48

First Choice: amphotericin B

Alternative: itraconazole