Eml Ch. 11

Front 1

mouth

Back 1

an opening thru which food passes into the body; breaks food into small pieces by mastication and mixing w/ saliva

Front 2

tongue

Back 2

consists mostly of skeletal muscle; attached in the posterior region of the mouth; provides movement for food for mastification, directs food to the pharynx for swallowing, major organ for taste and speech

Front 3

palate

Back 3

separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

Front 4

soft palate

Back 4

posterior portion, not supported by bone

Front 5

hard palate

Back 5

anterior portion, supported by bone

Front 6

uvula

Back 6

soft v-shaped mass that extends from the soft palate; directs food into the throat

Front 7

pharynx/ throat

Back 7

performs the swallowing action that passes food from the mouth into the esophagus

Front 8

esophagus

Back 8

10" tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach

Front 9

stomach

Back 9

J-shaped sac that mixes and stores food; secretes chemicals for digestion and hormones for local communication and control

Front 10

cardia

Back 10

area around the opening of the esophagus

Front 11

fundus

Back 11

uppermost domed portion of the stomach

Front 12

body

Back 12

central portion of the stomach

Front 13

antrum

Back 13

lower portion of the stomach

Front 14

pylorus

Back 14

portion of the stomach that connects to the small intestine

Front 15

pyloric sphincter

Back 15

ring of muscle that guards the opening btwn the stomach and duodenum

Front 16

small intestine

Back 16

20-ft canal extending from the pyloric sphincter to the lrg intestine

Front 17

duodenum

Back 17

1st 10-12" of small intestine

Front 18

jejunum

Back 18

2nd portion of the small intestine, approx. 8 ft long

Front 19

ileum

Back 19

3rd portion of the small intestine, approx. 11 ft. long, which connects the large intestin

Front 20

lrg intestine

Back 20

canal that is approx. 5 ft long and extends form the ileum to the anus

Front 21

cecum

Back 21

blind u-shaped pouch that is the 1st portion of the large intestine

Front 22

colon

Back 22

next portion of the large intestine; divided into 4 parts: ascending, transverse, descendinhg, and sigmoid

Front 23

rectum

Back 23

remaining portion of lrg intestine; approx. 8-10" long extending from sigmoid colon to anus

Front 24

anus

Back 24

sphincter muscle (ringlike band of muscle fiber that keeps opening tight) at the end of the digestive tract

Front 25

salivary glands

Back 25

produce saliva, which flow into the mouth

Front 26

liver

Back 26

produces bile, which is necessary for the digestion of fats; performs many functions w/ digestion and metabolism

Front 27

bile ducts

Back 27

passageways that carry bile; the hepatic duct, cystic duct, and common bile duct; make up the biliary tract

Front 28

gallbladder

Back 28

small saclike structure that stores bile

Front 29

pancreas

Back 29

produces pancreatic juice, which helps digest all types of food and secretes insulin for carbs and metabolism

Front 30

peritoneum

Back 30

serous saclike lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Front 31

appendix

Back 31

small pouch, which has no function in digestion; attached to the cecum

Front 32

abdomen

Back 32

portion of the body btwn the thorax and pelvis

Front 33

appendicitis/ cholecystitis/ diverticulitis/ esophagitis/ gastritis/ gastroenteritis/ gastroenterocolitis/ gingivitis/ hepatitis/ palatitis/ pancreatitis/ peritonitis/ steatohepatitis/ uvulitis

Back 33

inflammation of the appendix/ gallbladder/ diverticulum/ esophagus/ stomach/ stomach and intestines/ stomach, intestines, and colon/ gums/ liver/ palate/ pancreas/ peritoneum/ liver assoc. with excess fat (alcohol); uvula

Front 34

cholangioma/
hepatoma

Back 34

tumor of the bile duct/
liver

Front 35

choledocholithiasis

Back 35

condition of stones in the bile duct

Front 36

cholelithiasis

Back 36

condition of gallstones

Front 37

diverticulosis

Back 37

abnormal condition of having diverticula

Front 38

polyposis

Back 38

abnormal condition of mutiple polyps (in mucous mm of the intestine)

Front 39

proctoptosis

Back 39

prolapse of the rectum

Front 40

rectocele

Back 40

protrusion of the rectum

Front 41

sialolith

Back 41

stone in the salivary gland

Front 42

adhesion

Back 42

abnormal growing together of two surfaces that normally are separated; may occur after surgery

Front 43

anorexia nervosa

Back 43

eating disorder chara. by prolonged refusal to eat, resulting in emaciation, amenorrhea in females, and abnormal fear of becoming obese

Front 44

bulimia nervosa

Back 44

eating disorder involving gorging w/ food, followed by induced vomiting or laxative abuse

Front 45

cirrhosis

Back 45

chronic d. of the liver w/ gradual destruction of cells and formation of scar tissue; commonly called alcoholism

Front 46

Crohn d.

Back 46

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract usu. affecting the ileum and chara. by cobblestone ulcerations and the formation of scar tissue that may lead to abdominal obstruction

Front 47

duodenal ulcer
gastric ulcer

Back 47

ulcer in the duodenum/
stomach

Front 48

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Back 48

abnormal backward flow of the gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus, causing heartburn and gradual breakdown of the mucous barrier of the esophagus

Front 49

hemochromatosis

Back 49

iron metabolism disorder that occurs when too much iron is absorbed from food resulting in excessive deposits of iron in the tissue

Front 50

hemorrhoid

Back 50

varicose vein in the rectal area which may be internal or external

Front 51

ileus

Back 51

obstruction of the intestine often caused by failure of peristalsis

Front 52

intussusception

Back 52

telescoping of a segment of the intestine

Front 53

irratible bowl syndrome (IBS)

Back 53

periodic disturbances of bowel function, such as diarrhea and/or constipation, usu. asoc. w/ abdominal pain

Front 54

obesity

Back 54

excess body fat (not body weight)

Front 55

peptic ulcer

Back 55

another name for gastric or duodenal ulcer

Front 56

polyp

Back 56

tumorlike growth extending outward from a mucous mm; usu. benign

Front 57

ulcerative colitis

Back 57

inflammation of the clon with formation of ulcers; main symptom is bloody diarrhea

Front 58

volvulus

Back 58

twisting or kinking of the intestine causing abdominal obstruction

Front 59

abdominocentesis

Back 59

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdominal cavity

Front 60

abdomnoplasty/ anoplasty/ esophagogasroplasty/ gastroplasty/ palatoplasty/ pyloroplasty/ uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

Back 60

surgical repair of the abdomen/ esophagus and stomach/ stomach/ palate/ pylorus/ uvula, palate, and pharynx (performed to correct obstructive sleep apnea0

Front 61

antrectomy/ appendicectomy/ cholecystectomy/ colectomy/ diverticulectomy/ gastrectomy/ polypectomy/ uvulectomy/

Back 61

excision of the antrum/ appendix/ gallbladder/ colon/ diverticulum/ stomach/ half of the colon/ polyp/ uvula

Front 62

celiotomy/ choledocholithotomy/ laparotomy/ pyloromyotomy

Back 62

incision into the abdominal cavity/ into common bile duct to remove a stone/ abdomen/ pyloric muscle

Front 63

colostomy/ gastrojejunostomy/ gastrostomy/ ileostomy

Back 63

creation of an artificial opening into the colon/ btwn stomach and jejunum/ into the stomach/ into the ileum

Front 64

enterorrhaphy/ glossorrhaphy/ herniorrhaphy/

Back 64

suture of the intestine/ tongue/ hernia (for repair)/

Front 65

abdominal redsection (A&P resection)

Back 65

removal of the colon and rectum thru both abdominal and perineal approaches; performed to treat colorectal cancer and inflammatory d

Front 66

anastomosis

Back 66

opening created by surgically joining two structures, such as blood vessels or bowel segments

Front 67

bariatric surgery

Back 67

surgical reduction of gastric capacity to treat morbid obesity

Front 68

hemorrhoidectomy

Back 68

excision of hemorroids, the varicosed veins in the rectal region

Front 69

vagotomy

Back 69

cutting of certain branches of the vagus nerve, performed w/ gastric surgery to reduce the amt of gastric acid produced, thus reducing the reoccurrence of ulcers

Front 70

ascites

Back 70

abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Front 71

cholangiogram/ cholecystogram/ esophagogram

Back 71

radiographic image of bile ducts/ gallbladder/ esophagus

Front 72

cholangiography/
CT colonography

Back 72

radiographic imaging of the bile ducts/ colon (using a CT scanner and software)

Front 73

colonoscope/ endoscope/ esophagoscope/ gastroscope/ laparoscope/ proctoscope/ sigmoidoscope

Back 73

instrument used for visual examination of the colon/ w/n a hollow organ/ esophagus/ stomach/ abdominal cavity (and to perform laparoscopic sugery)/ rectum/ sigmoid colon

Front 74

colonscopy/ endoscopy/ esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)/ esophagoscopy/ gastroscopy/ laparoscopy/ proctoscopy/ sigmoidscopy

Back 74

visual examination of the colon/ w/n a hollow organ/ esophagus, stomach , and dudodenum, esophagus/ stomach/ abdominal cavity/ rectum/ sigmoid colon

Front 75

abdominal ultrasonography

Back 75

process of recording images of internal organs using high-frequency sound waves produced by a transducer placed directly on the skin; determines size and structure

Front 76

barium enema (BE)

Back 76

series of radiographic images taken of the lrg intestine after a BE has been administered rectally

Front 77

upper GI series

Back 77

series of radiographic images taken of the stomach and duodenum after barium has been swallowed

Front 78

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

Back 78

radiographic examination of the biliary tract and pancreatic ducts w/ contrast medium, fluoroscopy, and endoscopy

Front 79

endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)

Back 79

procedure using an endoscope fitted w/ an ultrasound probe that provides images of layers of the intestinal wall; used to detect tumors and cystic growths

Front 80

fecal occult blood test (FOBT)

Back 80

test to detect occult blood in the feces. used to screen for colon caner or polyps; occult blood means blood that is present but only viewed microscopically

Front 81

Heliobacter pylori antibodies test

Back 81

blood test to determine the presence of H. pylori; bacteria can be found in the lining of the stomach and can cause peptic ulcers

Front 82

abdominal/ anal/ colorectal/ ileocecal/ nasgastric/ oral/ pancreatic/ peritoneal/ rectal/ stomatogastric/ sublingual

Back 82

pertaining to the abdomen/ anus/ colon and rectum/ ileum and cecum/ nose and stomach/ mouth/ pancreas/ peritoneum/ rectum/ mouth and stomach/ tongue

Front 83

aphagia

Back 83

without swallowing (inability to)

Front 84

dyspepsia/ dysphagia

Back 84

difficult digestion/ swallowing

Front 85

gastrodynia

Back 85

pain in the stomach

Front 86

gastroenterolgist/
proctologist

Back 86

physician who studies and treats d. of the stomach and intestines/ rectum

Front 87

gastroenterology/
proctology

Back 87

study of the stomach and intestines/ rectum

Front 88

gastromalacia

Back 88

softening of the stomach

Front 89

glossopathy

Back 89

disease of the tongue

Front 90

steatorrhea

Back 90

discharge of fat (excessive amt of fat in the stool; assoc. with malabsorption of fat- chronic pancreatitis and celiac d.)

Front 91

steatosis

Back 91

abnormal condition of fat (increased fat at the cellular level often affecting the liver)

Front 92

diarrhea

Back 92

frequent discharge of liquid stool

Front 93

dysentry

Back 93

disorder that involves inflammation of the intestine (usu. lrg intestine) assoc. w/ diarrhea and abdominal pain

Front 94

emesis

Back 94

expelling matter from the stomach thru the mouth

Front 95

feces

Back 95

waste from the digestive tract expelled thru the rectum

Front 96

flatus

Back 96

gas in the diggestive tract or expelled thru the anus

Front 97

gastric lavage

Back 97

washing out of the stomach

Front 98

gavage

Back 98

process of feeding a person thru a nasogastric tube

Front 99

hematemesis

Back 99

vomiting of blood

Front 100

hematochezia

Back 100

passage of bloody feces

Front 101

melena

Back 101

black, tarry stool that contains digested blood; usu. a result of bleeding in the upper GI tract

Front 102

nausa

Back 102

urge to vomit

Front 103

peristalsis

Back 103

involuntary wavelike contractions that propel food along the digestive tract

Front 104

reflux

Back 104

abnormal backward flow; ie. esophageal reflux- stomach contents flow back into the esophagus

Front 105

stoma

Back 105

surgical opening btwn an organ and the surface of the body

Front 106

vomiting

Back 106

expelling matter from the stomach thru the mouth

Front 107

b

Back 107

b

Front 108

b

Back 108

b

Front 109

b

Back 109

b

Front 110

b

Back 110

b