Eml. Ch. 10

Front 1

Heart

Back 1

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout

Front 2

tricuspid valve

Back 2

located btwn the r. atrium and right ventricle

Front 3

mitral valve

Back 3

located between the left atrium and left ventricle

Front 4

semilunar valves

Back 4

pulmonary and aortic valves located btwn the r. ventricle and the pulmonary artery and btwn the l. ventricle and aorta

Front 5

pericardium

Back 5

2-layer sac consisting of an external fibrous and internal serous layer; serous layer secretes a fluid that facilitates movement of the heart

Front 6

3 layers of the heart
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

Back 6

covers the heart
middle, thick muscular layer
inner lining of the heart

Front 7

blood vessels

Back 7

tubelike structures that carry blood thruout the body

Front 8

arteries

Back 8

bllod vessels that carry blood away from the heart; all arteries except the pulmonary artery carry oxygen and other nutrients from heart to body cells

Front 9

arterioles

Back 9

smallest arteries

Front 10

aorta

Back 10

largest artery in the body, orginating at the l. ventricle and descending thru the thorax and abdomen

Front 11

veins

Back 11

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. all, veins (except pulmonary veins) carry blood containg CO2 and other waste products

Front 12

venules

Back 12

smallest veins

Front 13

venae cavae

Back 13

largest veins in the body; inferior vena cava carries blood to th heart from the body parts below the diaphragm, and superior vena cavae returns the blood to the heart and upper body

Front 14

capillaries

Back 14

microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules; materials are passed btwn the blood and tissue thru the capillary walls

Front 15

blood

Back 15

composed of plasma and formed elements. such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes

Front 16

plasma

Back 16

clear, straw-colored, liquid portion of the blood in which cells are suspended; plasma approx. 90% water, and makes up 55% of blood volume

Front 17

erythrocytes

Back 17

RBC that carry oxygen; develop in bone marrow

Front 18

leukocytes

Back 18

WBC that combat infection and respond to inflammation; 5 types

Front 19

platelets (thrombocytes)

Back 19

one of the formed elements in the blood that is responsible for aiding in the clotting process

Front 20

serum

Back 20

clear, watery fluid portion of the blood that remains after a clot has formed

Front 21

lymph

Back 21

transparent, colorless tissue fluid that on entering the lymphatic system, is called lymph; contains lymphocytes and monocytes; one-way flow direction to the heart

Front 22

lymphatic vessels

Back 22

transport lymph from body tissues to the chest; provide a one-way flow for lymph gathered from tissues to ducts in the chest

Front 23

lymph nodes

Back 23

small, spherical bodies composed of lymph tissue; filter lymph to keep substances such as bacteria and other foreign agents from entering the blood; also produce lymphocytes

Front 24

spleen

Back 24

located in th eleft sid eof the abdominal cavity btwn the stomach and the diaphragm; in adulthood, spleen is the lrgest lymphatic organ; cleanses blood from microorg., stores blood, and destroys old RBCs

Front 25

thymus gland

Back 25

one of the primary lymphatic organs; plays imp. role in the development of the body's immune system, particulary form infancy to puberty (then atrophies)

Front 26

angioma
hematoma
lymphoma
thyoma

Back 26

tumor composed of blood vessels
" of blood
"" lymphatic tissue
" thymus gland

Front 27

angiostenosis
aortic stenosis

Back 27

narrowing of a blood vessel
" pertaining to aorta

Front 28

arteriosclerosis
atherosclerosis

Back 28

hardening of the arteries
" of fatty plaque

Front 29

bradycardia

Back 29

condition of slow heart

Front 30

cardiodynia

Back 30

pain in the heart

Front 31

cardiomegaly

Back 31

enlargement of the heart

Front 32

cardiomyopathy
Lymphadenopathy

Back 32

disease of the heart muscle
"" lymph nodes (chara. abnormal enlrgemnt of lymph nodes assoc. w/ infection)

Front 33

cardiovalvulitis (valvlitis)/ endocarditis
myocarditis/ pericarditis
phlebitis/ polyarteritis/
thombophlebitis/ lymphadentitis

Back 33

inflammation of the valves of the heart/ inner lining of the heart/ muscle of the heart/ sac surrounding the heart/ vein/ many arteries/ a vein assoc. with a clot/ lymph nodes

Front 34

ischemia

Back 34

deficiency of blood (flow)

Front 35

tachycardia

Back 35

abnormal state of rapid heart (rate of more than 100 beats per min.)

Front 36

multiple myeloma

Back 36

tumors of the bone marrow

Front 37

pancytopenia

Back 37

abnormal reduction of all blood cells

Front 38

thrombosis

Back 38

abnormal condition of a blood clot

Front 39

thrombus

Back 39

blood clot (attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein)

Front 40

splenomegaly

Back 40

enlargement of the spleen

Front 41

lymphadenopathy

Back 41

disease of the lymph nodes

Front 42

acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

Back 42

sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction

Front 43

aneurysm

Back 43

ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall

Front 44

angina pectoris

Back 44

chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle

Front 45

arrhythmia

Back 45

any disturbance or abnormality in the heart's normal rhythmic pattern

Front 46

atrial fibrillation (AFib)

Back 46

cardiac arrhythmia chara. by chaotic, rapid electrical impulses in the atria. The atria quiver instead of contracting, causing irregular ventricular response and the ejection of a reduced amt of blood

Front 47

cardiac arrest

Back 47

sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation which requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

Front 48

cardiac tamponade

Back 48

acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial
cavity

Front 49

coarctation aorta

Back 49

congenital cardiac condition chara. by a narrowing of the aorta

Front 50

congenital heart d.

Back 50

heart abnormality present at birth

Front 51

congestive heart failure (CHF)

Back 51

inability of the heart to pump enough blood thru the body to supply the tissues and organs w/ nutrients and oxygen

Front 52

coronary artery d. (CAD)

Back 52

condition that reduces the flow of blood thru the coronary arteries to the myocardium, denying the myocardial tissue of sufficient oxygen and nutrients to function fully

Front 53

coronary occlusion

Back 53

obstruction of an artery of the heart, usu. form atherosclerosis. Coronary occlusion can lead to acute myocardial infarction

Front 54

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Back 54

condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the body. Most often occurs in the lower extremities

Front 55

hypertensive heart d.

Back 55

disorder of the heart brought about by persistent high blood pressure

Front 56

intermittent claudication

Back 56

pain and joint discomfort in calf muscles while walking; a condition seen in occlusive artery d.

Front 57

mitral valve stenosis

Back 57

narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring; usu. caused by episodes of rheumatic fever

Front 58

myocardial infarction (MI)

Back 58

death of a portion of the myocardium caused by a lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply (aka. heart attack)

Front 59

peripheral arterial d. (PAD)

Back 59

d. of the arteries, other than those of the heart and brain, that affects blood circulation, such as atherosclerosis and Raynaud d.

Front 60

rheumatic heart d.

Back 60

damage to the heart muscle or heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever

Front 61

varicose veins

Back 61

distended or tortuous veins usu. found in the lower extremities

Front 62

anemia

Back 62

reduction in the amt. of hemoglobin in RBC. may be caused by blood loss or decrease in production or increase in the destruction of RBC

Front 63

ambolus

Back 63

blood clot or foreign material, such as air or fat, that enters the bloodstream and moves unitl it is lodges at another pt in circulation

Front 64

hemophilia

Back 64

inherited bleeding d. most commonly caused by a deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII

Front 65

leukemia

Back 65

malignant d. char. by excessive increase in abnormal WBC formed in the bone marrow

Front 66

Hodgkin d.

Back 66

malignant disorder of the lymphatic tissue chara. by a progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, usu. beginning in the cervical nodes

Front 67

infectious mononucleosis

Back 67

acute infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus chara. by swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue, and fever. affects mostly young pp and transmitted by saliva

Front 68

angioplasty

Back 68

surgical repair of a blood vessel

Front 69

atherectomy

Back 69

excision of fatty plaque

Front 70

endarterectomy

Back 70

excision w/n the artery (excision of plaque from arterial wall)

Front 71

pericardiocentesis

Back 71

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the outer layer (pericardial sac); used to treat cardiac tamponade)

Front 72

phlebotomy

Back 72

incision into a vein (to remove blood or to give blood or intravenous fluids)

Front 73

valvuloplasty

Back 73

surgical repair of a valve

Front 74

splenectomy

Back 74

excision of the spleen

Front 75

splenopexy

Back 75

surgical fixation of the slpeen

Front 76

thymectomy

Back 76

excision of the thymus gland

Front 77

aneurysmectomy

Back 77

surgical excision of an aneurysm

Front 78

atrial fibrillation

Back 78

procedure in which abnormal cells that trigger atrial fibrillation are destroyed by using radio frequency energy

Front 79

cardiac pacemaker

Back 79

battery-powered appartus implanted under the skin with leads placed on the heart or in the chamber of the heart

Front 80

coronary stent

Back 80

supportive scaffold device implanted in the coronary artery; used to prevent closure of the artery after angioplasty or atherectomy

Front 81

emblolectomy

Back 81

surgical removal of an embolus or clot (usu. with a balloon catheter)

Front 82

femoropopliteal bypass

Back 82

surgery to establish an alternate route from femoral artery to popliteal artery to bypass an obstruction

Front 83

implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD)

Back 83

device implanted in the body that continously monitors the heart rhythm

Front 84

intracoronary thrombolytic

Back 84

injection of an intravenous medication to dissolve blood clots in coronary blood vessels

Front 85

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

Back 85

procedure in which a balloon is passed through a blood vessel into a coronary artery to the area where plaque is formed. Inflammation of the balloon presses the plaque against the vessel wall, expanding the inner diameter (aka balloon angioplasty)

Front 86

bone marrow aspiration

Back 86

syringe is used to aspirate a sample of the liquid portion of the bone marrow; usu. from the ilium, for study; used to diagnose, stage, and monitor d. and condition of blood cells

Front 87

bone marrow biopsy

Back 87

needle puncture to obtain a sample of bone marrow cells, usu. from ilium for study; used to diagnose stage and monitor d. and condition of blood cells

Front 88

bone marrow transplant

Back 88

infusion of normal bone marrow cells from a donor with matching cells and tissue to a recipient with a certain type of leukemia and anemia

Front 89

angiography
venography

Back 89

radiographic imaging of blood vessels/ a vein

Front 90

angioscope

Back 90

instrument used for visual examination of a blood vessel

Front 91

angioscopy

Back 91

visual examination of a blood vessel

Front 92

aortogram
arteriogram
venogram

Back 92

radiographic image of the aorta/ artery/ vein (after injection of contrast medium)

Front 93

echocardiogram (ECHO)
electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)

Back 93

record of the heart (structure and motion) using sound/ electrical activity of the heart

Front 94

electrocardiograph

Back 94

instrument used to record the electrical activity of the heart

Front 95

electrocardiography

Back 95

process of recording the electrical activity of the heart

Front 96

digital subtraction angiography (DSA)

Back 96

process of digital radiographic imaging of the blood vessels that "subtracts" or removes structures not being studied

Front 97

Doppler ultrasound

Back 97

study that uses sound for the detection of blood flow w/n the vessels; used to assess intermittent claudication, deep vein thrombosis, and other blood flow abnormalities

Front 98

exercise stress test

Back 98

study that evaluates cardiac function during physical stress by riding a bike or walking on a treadmill

Front 99

single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

Back 99

nuclear medicine scan that visualizes the heart from several different angles; a tracer substance such as a sestamibi or thallium is injected intravenously; used to assess damage to cardiac tissue

Front 100

thallium test

Back 100

nuclear medicine test used to diagnose coronary artery d, and assess revascularization after coronary artery bypass surgery. Thallium, radioactive isotope, is injected intravenously and taken up by normal myocardial cells; a radiation detector is placed over the heart and images are recorded

Front 101

transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)

Back 101

ultrasound test that examines cardiac function and structure by using an ultrasound probe placed in the esophagus, which provides views of the heart structures

Front 102

cardiac catheterization

Back 102

examination to determine the condition of the heart and surrounding blood vessels; a catheter is passed into th heart thru a blood vessel and is used to record pressures and inject a contrast medium, enabling the visualization of coronary arteries, great vessels, and the heart cahmbers

Front 103

impedance plethysmography

Back 103

measures venous flow of the extremities with a plethysomograph to detect clots by measuring changes in blood volumes and resistance in the vein; used to detect deep vein thrombosis

Front 104

auscultation

Back 104

hearing sounds w/n the body thru a stethoscope

Front 105

blood pressure

Back 105

pressure exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls; written as systolic pressure (120) and diastolic pressure (80)

Front 106

percussion

Back 106

tapping of a body surface with the fingers to determine the density of the part beneath

Front 107

pulse

Back 107

numbers of times per minute the heartbeat is felt on the arterial wall. The pulse is most commonly felt over the radial artery

Front 108

sphygmomanometer

Back 108

device used for measuring blood pressure

Front 109

stethoscope

Back 109

instrument used to hear internal body sounds; used for performing auscultation and blood pressure measurement

Front 110

C-reactive protein

Back 110

blood test used to measure the amt of C-reactive protein in the blood, which , when elevated indicates inflammation- assess risk of cardio. d

Front 111

creatine phosphokinase

Back 111

blood test used to measure the level of creatine phosphokinase, an enzyme of the heart and skeletal muscle released into the blood after muscle injury or necrosis

Front 112

homocysteine

Back 112

blood test used to measure the amt of homocysteine in the blood; homocysteine is an aa that if elevated may indicate an increased risk of cardio. d.

Front 113

lipid profile

Back 113

blood test used to measure the amt of lipids in a blood sample; used to evaluate the risk of developing cardio. d and to monitor therapy of existing d.; provide levels of total cholestreol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, VLDL

Front 114

troponin

Back 114

blood test that measures troponin, a heart muscle enzyme; released into the blood every 3 hr. after necrosis of the heart muscle and may remain elevated for 7-10 days

Front 115

coagulation time

Back 115

blood test used to determine the time it takes for blood to form a clot

Front 116

complete blood count (CBC) and differential count (Diff)

Back 116

basic blood screening that measures hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC # and morphology, leukocyte count, wbc differential count, and platelet count; provides a tremendous amt of info about the blood

Front 117

hematocrit

Back 117

blood test used to measure the volume and number of rbc; used in diagnosis and evaluation of anemic patients

Front 118

hemoglobin

Back 118

blood test used to determine the concentration of oxygen-carrying components (henoglobin) in RBC

Front 119

prothrombin time

Back 119

blood test used to determine certain coagulation activity defects and to monitor anticoagulation therapy for patients taking Coumadin

Front 120

atrioventricular
cardiac
intravenous

Back 120

pertaining to the atrium and ventricle/
heart/
w/n the vein

Front 121

cardiogenic

Back 121

orginating in the heart

Front 122

cardiologist
phlebologist
hematologist

Back 122

physician who studies and treats d. of the heart/
veins/
blood

Front 123

cardiology
phlebology
hematology

Back 123

study of the heart (branch of medicine that deals with d. of the heart and blood vessels/
veins/
blood

Front 124

hypothermia

Back 124

condition of body temp. that is below normal

Front 125

hematopoiesis
myelopoiesus

Back 125

formation of blood (cells)/
bone marrow

Front 126

hemolysis
thrombolysis

Back 126

dissolution of RBC/
clot

Front 127

hemostasis

Back 127

stoppage of bleeding

Front 128

plasmapheresis

Back 128

removal of plasma (from withdrawn blood)

Front 129

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Back 129

emergency procedure consisting of artificial ventilation and external cardiac massage

Front 130

defibrillation

Back 130

application of an electric shock to the myocardium thru the chest wall to restore normal cardiac rhythm

Front 131

diastole

Back 131

phase in the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles relax btwn contractions (lower number of diastolic reading)

Front 132

extracorporeal

Back 132

occuring outside the body

Front 133

extravasation

Back 133

escape of blood from blood vessel into the tissue

Front 134

fibrillation

Back 134

rapid, quivering, noncoordinated contractions of the atria and ventricles

Front 135

heart murmur

Back 135

short-duration humming sound of cardiac or vascular origin

Front 136

hypercholesterolemia

Back 136

excessive amt of cholesterol in the blood; assoc. w/ heightened risk of cardiov. d.

Front 137

hyperlipidemia

Back 137

excessive amt of fats (triglycerides and cholesterol) in the blood

Front 138

hypertension

Back 138

blood pressure that is above normal (> 140/90)

Front 139

hypertriglyceridemia

Back 139

excessive amt of triglycerides in the blood; assoc. w/ increased risk of cardiov. d.

Front 140

hypotension

Back 140

blood pressure that is below normal (< 90/60)

Front 141

lipids

Back 141

fats and fatlike substances that serve as a source of fuel in the body and are an important constituent of cell structure

Front 142

lumen

Back 142

space w/n a tubular part or organ, such as the space w/n a blood vessel

Front 143

occlude

Back 143

to close tightly; to block

Front 144

systole

Back 144

phase in the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles contract (upper number of bp reading)

Front 145

vasoconstrictor

Back 145

agent or nerve that narrows the blood vessels

Front 146

venipuncture

Back 146

puncture of a vein to remove blood, instill a medicine, or start an intravenous infusion

Front 147

anticoagulant

Back 147

agent that slows the clotting process

Front 148

dyscrasia

Back 148

abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood

Front 149

hemorrhage

Back 149

rapid loss of blood, as in bleeding

Front 150

allergen

Back 150

environmental substance capable of producing an immediate hypersensitivity in the body (allergy); ie. dust, pollen, animal dander, and various foods

Front 151

allergist

Back 151

a physician who studies and treats allergic conditions

Front 152

anaphylaxis

Back 152

exaggerated, life-threatening rxn to a previously encountered antigen such as bee vemon, peanuts, or latex; symptoms- hives, sneezing, drop in bp, blockage of airway

Front 153

antibiotic

Back 153

drug that targets microorganisms to kill or halt growth/replication

Front 154

antibodies

Back 154

substance produced by lymphocytes that inactivates or destroys antigens

Front 155

antigen

Back 155

substance that triggers an immune response when introduced into the body; ie. transplant tissue, toxins

Front 156

autoimmune d.

Back 156

d. caused by the body's inability to distinguish its own cells from foreign bodies, thus producing antibodies that attack its own tissue; ie rhematoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus

Front 157

immune

Back 157

being resistant to specific invading pathogens

Front 158

immunodeficiency

Back 158

deficient immune response caused by the immune sys dysfunction brought on by d. or immunosupressive drugs

Front 159

immunologist

Back 159

physician who studies and treats immune system disorders

Front 160

immunology

Back 160

branch of medicine dealing w/ immune sys. disorders

Front 161

infection

Back 161

invasion of pathogens in body tissue; may remain localized if body's defense mechanisms are effective otherwise it may become acute, subacute, chronic

Front 162

phagocytosis

Back 162

process in which some of the wbc destroy the invading microrg. and old cells

Front 163

vaccine

Back 163

suspension of inactivated microorg. administered by injection, mouth, or nasal spray to prevent infectious d. by inducing immunity