Emerson Fundamentals Of Speech Communication

Front 1

Aristotle's Rhetorical Appeals Are:

Back 1

Ethos, Pathos, Logos

Front 2

What is Ethos?

Back 2

Ethos: the source's credibility, the speaker's/author's authority

Ex: A speaker who speaks about film production sets would have ethos after heavily researching the subject and/or having on set experience to draw from

Front 3

What is Pathos?

Back 3

Pathos: the emotional or motivational appeals; vivid language, emotional language and numerous sensory details.

Ex: A speaker could create pathos in a speech about animal cruelty by graphically describing in great detail the abuse that certain food companies put their animals through before slaughtering them, possibly creating emotion in the audience.

Front 4

What is Logos?

Back 4

Logos: the logic used to support a claim (induction and deduction); can also be the facts and statistics used to help support the argument.

Ex: A speaker attempting to convince his/her audience to buy stocks of a certain company could provide specific numbers and statistics (logos) to support his/her argument.

Front 5

What are Cicero's cannons or rhetoric?

Back 5

Invention, Arrangement, Style, Memory, and Delivery

Front 6

What is Invention?

Back 6

the search for persuasive ways to present information and formulate arguments - Deduction and Induction

Front 7

What is Arrangement?

Back 7

the organization of the parts of a presentation to ensure that all the means of persuasion are present and properly disposed

Front 8

What is Style?

Back 8

the use of correct, appropriate, and remarkable language throughout the speech

Front 9

What is Memory?

Back 9

the use of mnemonics and practice practice practice

Front 10

What is Delivery?

Back 10

presenting the message with effective gestures and vocal modulation

Front 11

What are the four requirements of a speech introduction?

Back 11

Grab attention, Connect topic to audience (why should we care?), Establish authority, Clear thesis statement

Front 12

How does one grab an audience's attention in the introduction to a speech?

Back 12

Use words and phrases that will create a reaction from the audience and make them want to hear more of your speech.

Front 13

How does one connect the topic of a speech to the audience in an introduction?

Back 13

Explain to the audience why they should care about the subject you are speaking on. Help them see how the subject could or does affect them.

Front 14

How does one establish authority in the introduction of a speech?

Back 14

Be sure to explain why and how you are qualified to be speaking about the subject, therefore enlisting the audience's trust.

Front 15

How does one create a clear thesis statement in the introduction of a speech?

Back 15

Be sure to keep the thesis statement direct and to the point, conveying the main idea you wish the audience to accept, agree to, or understand.

Front 16

What are the 3 requirements of a speech conclusion?

Back 16

Recap/summary of main points, Reassertion of thesis/speaker's position, and a strong close

Front 17

Explain how to recap/summarize the main points of a speech in a conclusion

Back 17

Review the main points of the speech without going into great detail or including unnecessary stats, facts, or arguments. Keep the summary to one or two sentences.

Front 18

Explain how to reassert the thesis/speakers position in a conclusion

Back 18

Basically re-state the thesis of the speech and/or the position of the speaker in a way similar to the way it was given in the introduction.

Front 19

Explain how to effectively make a strong close in a conclusion

Back 19

Use words and phrases that will leave the audience with a lasting impression of the argument/position of the speaker.

Front 20

What are 3 examples of rhetorical devices?

Back 20

Alliteration: repetition of the same sound beginning several words in sequence.

Ex: Let us go forth to lead the land we love

Personification: attribution of personality to an impersonal thing.

Ex: England expects every man to do his duty

Simile: an explicit comparison between two things using 'like' or 'as'

Ex: Reason is to faith as the eye to the telescope

Front 21

What are the elements of Monroe's Motivated Sequence?

Back 21

Attention, Need, Satisfaction, Visualization, Action

Front 22

Explain the Attention step of Monroe's Motivated Sequence

Back 22

a. Gains the attention of the audience
b. Something creative and interesting that will hook the audience into the speech.

Front 23

Explain the Need step of Monroe's Motivated Sequence

Back 23

a. Shows the need for change
b. Must provide to the audience what is currently wrong that needs changed

Front 24

Explain the Satisfaction step of Monroe's Motivated Sequence

Back 24

a. Provide a solution for the need
b. Must provide something that will solve for the problem that you just presented

Front 25

Explain the Visualization step of Monroe's Motivated Sequence

Back 25

a. Intensify desire for the solution by visualizing the benefits
b. Forecast what will happen if your solution is implemented

Front 26

Explain the Action step of Monroe's Motivated Sequence

Back 26

a. Urge the audience to take action in support of the solution
b. Tell the audience specifically what they can do to achieve the solution