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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Are most emerging viruses RNA or DNA? why?
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RNA; poor editing in replication = mutations
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What are the two most common vectors for emergent viruses? (general)
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Zoonotic:
Arboviruses (arthropod-borne) and Rodent-borne |
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How are arboviruses transmitted and where does it replicate?
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infected blood-sucking arthropod
replicates within arthropod vector |
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* What are the three common Arbovirus families?
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o T – Toga(viridae)
o F – Flavi o B – Bunya |
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Which arboviruses are the exception to the rule that humans are incidental hosts?
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Yellow fever
Dengue fever |
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What are the two "cycles" of arboviruses? which is more common?
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Sylvatic (jungle) - mammal - arthropod rotation --> man gets infected by arthropod
Urban - cycles directly between man - arthropod |
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* What is a serious condition that arboviruses can cause? what are the three most common (general - viruses)?
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Encephalitis
Togaviridae (alphavirus) Flaviviridae Bunyaviridae |
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How are all Bunyaviridae viruses transmitted?
All Arenaviridae? |
Arthropods
Rodents |
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What is the most common arthropod vector?
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mosquitoes
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*Which virus causes West Nile Encephalitis?
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Flavivirus
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What is the natural host for West Nile? vector?
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Birds
mosquito |
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What is the range of severity for the West Nile (Flavivirus)?
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mostly fever/flu-like
some progress to encephalitis and meningitis --> 1% life threatening |
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What are the natural hosts for Dengue fever? how many serotypes are there?
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Monkeys, humans
* 4 serotypes (Flaviviridae family) |
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* What causes Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever?
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Second infection with a different serotype (4 total) --> illicits immune response, but incorrect --> hemorrage
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* What type of virus are Arenaviruses?
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Rodent-borne
only other is Hantaan (Bunya) |
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Which Bunyavirus is rodent borne?
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Hantaan
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How is the Hantaan virus transmitted?
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rodent feces or urine [aerosol]
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What is a severe manifestation of Hantavirus?
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hemorrhagic fever and severe pulmonary syndrome
recall: Hanta is only Bunyavirus transmitted by rodents (fecal or urine) |
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* Which virus often causes fatal hemorrhagic bleeding and has a long filamentous shape (vs icosahedral or helical)?
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Filovirdae (e.g. Ebola)
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