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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Albuterol
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CLASS: Sympathomimetic Agonist (Selective B2 adrenergic receptors)
MOA: Bronchodilation INDIC: Asthma; Bronchospasm; COPD; Hyperkalemia CONTRA: Caution to elderley, CVD, HTN SIDE EFFECTS: Palpatations, anxiety, dizziness, headache, nervousness, tremor, hypertension, arrhythmias, chest pain, nausea/vomiting DOSE: 2.5mg nebulized |
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Atropine
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CLASS: Anticholinergic
MOA: Parasympatholytic, causes bronchodilation, drying of respiratory secretions, blocks acetylcholine receptors thus inhibiting parasympathetic stimulation. INDIC: Symptomatic Bradycardia, organophosphate poisoning, nerve agent CONTRA: Known Hypersensitivity SIDE EFFECTS: Palpitations, anxiety, dizziness, headache, nervousness, rash, nausea, vomiting DOSAGES: Adult- Symptomatic Bradycardia/PEA, Asystole: 0.5-1.0mg IV, IO, ET. Max Dose- 3mg or 0.04mg/kg. Adult Organophosphate Poisioning: 2-5mg until symptoms dissipate. Pediatric PEA; Asystole: 0.02mg/kg 1.0mg max |
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D50
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50% Dextrose in Water
CLASS: Carbohydrate MOA: Elevates blood glucose levels rapidly INDIC: Hypoglycemia, BGL< 60 CONTRA: IV with signs of infiltration SIDE EFFECTS: Local venous irritation, necrosis if given through an infiltrated IV DOSAGES: Adult: 25mg (50ml) Pediatrics: D25 0.5-1ml/kg (may be premixed or eject out 25ml and draw 25ml of NS) |
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ASA
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Asprin
CLASS: Platelet inhibitor and anti-inflammatory INDIC: New chest pain suggestive of acute myocardial infarction. Signs and symptoms suggestive or a recent stroke (CVA) CONTRA: Patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug. SIDE EFFECTS: Heartburn, nausea, wheezing DOSE: 160mg or 325mg by mouth (primarily by four 81mg chewable tablets) |
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Flumanzenil
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Romazicon
CLASS: Benzodiazepine antagonist MOA: Reverse the effects of benzodiazepines INDIC: To reverse central nervous system respiratory depression associated with benzodiazepines CONTRA: Do not administer as a diagnostic agent for Benzo OD; hypersensitivity. DO NOT ADMIN WITH MIXED OD OR IF PT HAS TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSENT SIDE: Fatigue, Headache, Nervouseness, Dizziness DOSE: 0.2mg IV over 30 seconds. Max dose 1mg |
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Phenergan
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Promethazine
CLASS: Phenothiazine antihistamine MOA: Mild anticholinergic activity, anit-emetic, potentiates actions of analgesics, sedation. INDIC: Nausea/Vomiting, motion sickness, potentiate the effects of analgesics, sedation. CONTRA: Comatose states, patients with large amounts of depressants (including alcohol) Side: Impair mental and physical ability. May cause severe venous irritation and phlebitis. If given intra-arterial may cause sever damage including the need for amputation. May also cause distonic reaction. DOSE: 12.5mg-25mg IV (a lower dose for geriatrics 6.25mg) NOTE: HAS BEEN KNOWN TO CAUSE RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION IN PEDIATRICS |
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Zofran
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Ondansetron
CLASS: Anti-emetic MOA: Selective blocking agent of serotonin 5-HT3 receptor type. INDIC: Nausea/Vomiting CONTRA: Hypersensitivity SIDE: Diarrhea, headache DOSE: 4mg IV (Adult) 0.2mg/kg IV (Pediatric) |
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Pitocin
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Oxytocin
CLASS: Hormone (oxytocic) MOA: Caues uterine contraction, lactation, slows postpartum vaginal bleeding INDIC: Postpartum vaginal bleeding CONTRA: Any condition other than postpartum bleeding; C-Section SIDE: Anaphlyaxis, cardiac dysrhythmias DOSE: IV 10-20units in 500ml until desired effect; 3-10units IM |
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Lorazepam
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Ativan
CLASS: Benzodiazepine MOA: Anticonvulsant, skeletal muscle relanxant. INDIC: Major motor seizures, status epilepticus, premedication of cardioversion, acute anxiety states CONTRA: Hypersensitivity SIDE: Drowsiness, hypotension, respiratory depression DOSE: (Adult) 0.5-2mg IV, IM (Pediatric) 0.05-0.1mg/kg IV, IM, Rectal |
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Amiodarone
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Coradarone
CLASS: Antidysrhthymic Group III MOA: Prolongs action potential and refractory period, slows sinus rate, increases PR and QT interval, decreases PVR INDIC: V-Fib, V-Tach, (Prmary success is with wide complex tachycardias with pulse) CONTRA: Severe sinus node dysfunction, sinus bradycardia, high degree AV blocks SIDE: Hypotension, nausea, anorexia, malaise, tremors, ventricular ectopic beats DOSE: Adult V-Fib/V-Tach w/o Pulse: 300mg followed by 150mg. Wide Complex Tachycardia: 150mg over 10 minutes. (Pediatrcis) 5mg/kg |
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Lasix
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Furosemide
CLASS: Potent Diuretic MOA: Inhibits reabsorption of sodium chloride, promotes prompt dieresis, vasodilation (very small amount) potassium wasting INDIC: CHF, Pulmonary Edema CONTRA: Pregnancy, dehydration SIDE: If kidneys are working; Electrolyte depletion. If kidneys are not working; little to no use. DOSAGE: 20-40mg (double if already on lasix) |
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Vasopressin
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CLASS: Hormone, vasoconstrictor
MOA: Potent vasoconstrictor INDIC: Cardiac Arrest CONTRA: None SIDE: Blanching of skin, hypertension, bradycardia DOSAGE: 40 Units IV Single dose |
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Lidocaine
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Xylocaine
CLASS: Antidysrhthymic MOA: Suppresses ventricular ectopy, increases ventricular fib threshold, reduces velocity of electrical impulse. INDIC: V-fib, V-Tach, Malignant PVC’s, Pretreatment for intubation in head injury CONTRA: High degree heart blocks, PVC’s in conjunction with bradycardia SIDE EFFECTS: Anxiety, drowsiness, confusion, convulsions, widening QRS DOSE: Adult: Bolus 1-1.5mg/kg followed by ½ initial dose. Drip Rate: 4:1 concentration 1-4mg/min. Pediatric: 1mg/kg |
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Cardizem
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Diltiazem
CLASS: Calcium Channel Blocker MOA: Slows conduction through the atrioventricular node; Causes vasodilation; Decreases rate of ventricular response; Decreases myocardial oxygen demand. INDIC: To control rapid ventricular rates associated with atrial fibrillation and flutter; Angina pectoris CONTRA: Hypotension; wide complex tachycardia; Conduction system disturbances. Should not be used in patients receiving IV beta blockers or with severe hypotension. SIDE EFFECTS: Nausea and vomiting; hypotension; Dizziness DOSAGE: Adult: 1st dose is 0.25mg/kg bolus (typically 20mg) IV over 10 minutes, Followed by a second dose of 0.35 mg/kg IV slow IV push or IV drip over 10 minutes. Do a 12 Lead, make sure QRS is no wider than .12 |
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Adenosine
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Adenocard
CLASS: Antidysrhthmyic MOA: Slows atrioventricular conduction INDIC: Symptomatic SVT CONTRA: Second or third degree heart block; sick sinus syndrome; known hypersensitivity to the drug. SIDE EFFECTS: Facial Flushing; Headache; Shortness of Breath; Dizziness; Nausea. DOSAGE: 1st dose 6mg RIVP, 2nd dose 12mg RIVP, 3rd dose 12mg RIVP Note: 60% of those who will respond to adenosine will respond to the a 6mg dose. 90% of patients will respond to a 12mg RIVP dose. Most EMS services will skip the 6mg dose and jump straight to the 12mg dose. |
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Dopamine
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Intropin
CLASS: Sympathomimetic MOA: Increases Cardiac contractility; Causes peripheral vasoconstriction INDIC: Hemodynamically significant hypotension (systolic of 70-100mmHg) not resulting from hypovolemia; cardiogenic shock. CONTRA: Hypovolemia in which pre-load has not been restored. SIDE EFFECTS: Ventricular tachydysrhtymias; Hypertension; Palpitations DOSAGE: 1-2mcg/kg/min Dopaminergic effects (renal) 2-10 mcg/kg/min stimulates beta adrenergic receptors (causing enhanced contractility, increased cardiac output, rise in BP) 10-20 mcg/kg/min stimulates alpha adrenergic receptors (causing peripheral and venous constriction) |
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Solumedrol
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Methylprednisone
CLASS: Steroid MOA: Anti-inflammatory; suppresses immune response, especially in allergic reactions INDIC: Severe anaphylaxis, Asthma, COPD CONTRA: none in the emergency setting SIDE EFFECTS: GI bleeding; prolonged wound healing; suppression of natural steroids DOSAGE: General usage: 125mg IV, IM (Adult) Pediatrics: 1-2mg/kg |
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Epinephrine
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CLASS: Sympathetic Agonist
MOA: Acts on the alpha and beta adrenergic receptors. Much more beta effects than alpha. Increase heart rate, cardiac contractile force, SVR, and increase BP INDIC: Bronchial Asthma; anaphylaxis; Cardiac Arrest CONTRA: Caution in patients with known cardiovascular disease; None in life threatening situations SIDE: Palpitations, anxiety, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, possible myocardial ischemia DOSE: Adult Anaphylaxis: 0.3-0.5mg SC 1:1000. Cardiac Arrest: 1mg IV 1:10,000 Pediatric Anaphyaxis: 0.01mg/kg SC 1:1000 Pediatric Cardiac Arrest: 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO 0.1mg ET |
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Benadryl
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Diphenhydramine
CLASS: Antihistamine, H1 Histamine MOA: Blocks histamine receptors, has some sedative effects. INDIC: Anaphylaxis, Allergic Reactions, Dystonic Reactions due to phenothiazines CONTRA: Asthma; Nursing Mothers, Hypotension SIDE: Sedation; dries bronchial secretions; blurred vision; headache; palpitations. DOSE: Adult: 25-50 mg IV, IM Pediatric 2-5 mg/kg |
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Nitroglycerin
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CLASS: Anti-anginal
MOA: Smooth muscle relaxant, reduces cardiac work, dilates coronary arteries, dilates systemic arteries INDIC: Angina; Chest pain associated with MI, CHF CONTRA: Children under 12 years of age, Viagra/Levitra within 24 hours, Cialis within 36 hours. Caution with right side MI involvement. SIDE: Headache, hypotension DOSE: Nitro Tab: 0.4mg = 1 tab (usually up to 3 tabs) Nitro Spray: 0.4mg = 1 spray (usually up to 3 sprays) Nitro Paste: 1inch transdermal = 15mg |
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Glucagon
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CLASS: Hormone (anti-hypoglycemic agent)
MOA: Breakdown of glycogen to glucose (liver), inhibits glycogen synthesis; Elevates blood glucose level, increase heart rate. INDIC: Hypoglycemia, beta-blocker overdose CONTRA: Hypersensitivity to the drug SIDE: Few in emergency situation DOSE: Adult: 1mg IV, IM Pediatric 0.03 mg/kg |
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Ipratropium
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Atrovent
CLASS: Anticholinergic MOA: Dries respiratory tract secretions INDIC: Bronchial Asthma, Reversible bronchospasm associated with COPD CONTRA: Hypersensitivity to the drug SIDE: Palpitations, dizziness, anxiety, headache, nervousness DOSAGE: 500mcg placed in neb with beta agonist (Safety in children has not been established) |
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Toradol
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Ketorolac
CLASS: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) MOA: Anti-inflammatory, analgesic INDIC: Mild to moderate pain (Kidney Stones) CONTRA: Hypersensitivity, allergy to ASA, bleeding disorders, probability or surgery SIDE: Edema, rash, heartburn, continued bleeding DOSE: 30-60mg IV,IM Adult only |
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Thiamine (B1)
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CLASS: Vitamin
MOA: Allows normal breakdown of glucose INDIC: Coma of unknown origin, alcoholism, delirium tremors, malnutrition CONTRA: None SIDE: Rare DOSE: 100mg IV,IM |
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Pralidoxime
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2-pam; Protopam
CLASS: Cholinesterase reactivator MOA: Reactivates cholinesterase in cases of organophosphate poisoning and nerve agents INDIC: Severe organophosphate poisoning/nerve agent characterized by muscle twitching, respiratory depression and paralysis CONTRA: Poisoning due to inorganic phosphates SIDE: Excitement, Manic Behavior DOSE: 600mg Auto Injector |
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Procainamide
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Pronestyl
CLASS: Antidysrhtymic MOA: Slows conduction through myocardium; Elevates ventricular fibrillation threshold; Suppresses ventricular ectopic activity. INDIC: Persistent cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation and refractory to lidocaine; PVC’s refractory to lidocaine; Ventricular tachycardia refractory to lidocaine. CONTRA: High Degree Heart Blocks; PVC’s in conjunction with bradycardia. SIDE: Anxiety; Nausea; Convulsions; Widening of QRS complex DOSE: Adults Intial: 20mg/min IV drip until dysrhtymia is abolishised, or hypotension ensues, or RS complex is widened by 50% of its original width, or total of 17mg/kg has been given. Given by Slow IV bolus, IV Drip Adult Mainanence: 1-4mg/min |
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Mag Sulfate
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CLASS: Mineral
MOA: Magnesium is a physiological Ca Channel blocker as well as a smooth muscle relaxant. INDIC: OB: Eclampsia Cardiovascular: Severe refractory V-fib or Pulseless V-Tach; post-myocardia infarction as prophylaxis for dysrhthmias, and torsade de pointes (multifocal V-Tach Respiratory: Severe bronchoconstriction CONTRA: High degree AV blocks, dialysis patients. SIDE: Flushing; sweating; bradycardia; decreased deep tendon reflexes, drowsiness, RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION, HYPOTENSION, hypothermia, itching. DOSAGE:Eclampsia – 4g over 10min; V-Fib/V-Tach 2g IVP Severe Bronchoconstriction: 2g over 10min |
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Calcium Cholride
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CLASS: Electrolyte
MOA: Increases cardiac contractility INDIC: Acute hyperkalemia (elevated KI level); Acute Hypocalcemia (decreased Ca) level; Ca Channel blocker OD; Abdominal muscle spasm associated with spider bites and Portuguese man of War stings; antidote for Mag Sulfate. CONTRA: Patients on digitalis SIDE: Dysrhthymias (bradycardia and asystole) DOSE: Adult: 1 Gram Pediatric: 5-7mg/kg of a 10% solution. |
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Sodium Thiosulfate
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CLASS: Cyanide Antidote
MOA: Converts cyanide to thiocyanate where it can be eliminated by the body. INDIC: Cyanide poisoning CONTRA: none in the emergency setting of Cyanide Poisoning SIDE: Nausea; Vomiting; Psychosis. DOSE: Adult: 12.5g IV; half original dose repeated as needed Pediatric: 400mg/kg IV; half original dose repeated as needed. |
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Tylenol
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Acetaminophen
CLASS: Analgesic, Antipyretic MOA: Elevated pain threshold and antipyresis through action on the hypothalamic heat-regulating center INDIC: Minor headache, muscle pains, bursitis, sprains, fever due to colds and “Flu” CONTRA: Use caution if patient has hepatic problems SIDE: In overdose situations may cause hepatic toxicity. Fatality rare in overdoses less than 15grams. Toxicity amount greater than 150mg/kg DOSE: Adults and Children 12Y/O 1-2 tablets or capsules 3-4 times a day. Usual package is 325mg |
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Activated Charcoal
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CLASS: Adsorbent
MOA: Adsorbs toxins by chemical binding and preventing GI adsorption. INDIC: Poisoning following emesis or when emesis is contraindicated. CONTRA: None in Severe poisoning SIDE: Nausea, vomiting, constipation. DOSE: 1g/kg (typically 50-78g) mixed with a glass of water to form a slurry. |
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Amyl Nitrate
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CLASS: Nitrate
MOA: Causes coronary vasodilation, removes cyanide ion via complex mechanism INDIC: Cyanide Poisoning (bitter almond smell of breath) CONTRA: None in cyanide poisoning SIDE: Headache, hypotension, reflex tachycardia, nausea DOSE: Adult-Inhalant broken and inhaled as needed Pediatric-Same as Adult |
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Narcan
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Naloxone
CLASS: Narcotic agonist MOA: Reverses effects of Narcotics INDIC: Narcotic overdoses with respiratory depression (opiates: morphine, dilauded, fentanyl, Demerol, heroin, percodan, methadone) CONTRA: Hypersensitivity to the drug SIDE: Rare DOSE: Adult: 1-2mg IV,ET,IM,IN (as much as 4-6mg may be required) Pediatric: 0.1mg/kg IV,ET,IM,IN |
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Vasotech
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Enalapril
CLASS: ACE Inhibitory (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor) MOA: Inhibiting the conversion of Angiotensin I to angiotensin II, the angioensin/aldosterone sysem is suppressed and BP is lowered. INDIC: Uncontrolled hypertension, CHF CONTRA: Hypotension SIDE: Hypotension DOSE: Adult: 1.25mg IV |
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Succinylcholine
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Acctine
CLASS: Neuromuscular blocking agent (depolarizing) MOA: Skeletal muscle relaxants; paralytic INDIC: To paralyze a pt for RSI to achieve intubation CONTRA: Hypersensitivity to the drug, burns in the first 24 hrs, open globe injuries, hyperkalemia, rhabdomyolisis, crush injury PRECAUTION: Not to be adminstered unless skilled personnel are present SIDE: Hypotension; Bradycardia DOSE:1-1.5mg/kg (40-100mg) in an adult IV Pediatric: 1mg/kg IV |
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Vecuronium
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Norcuron
CLASS: Paralytic (non-depolarizing) MOA: Skeletal muscle relaxant including respiratory INDIC: Paralysis to achieve RSI for ETI CONTRA: Known hypersensitivity PRECAUTION: Should not be administered unless skilled personnel are present SIDE: Prolonged paralysis; hypotension; bradycardia DOSE: (adult) 0.1mg/kg IV Pediatric: 0.1mg/kg IV |
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Etomidate
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Amidate
CLASS: Sedative/Hypnotic MOA: Creates ultra short acting sed/hypnotic effect INDIC: Induction agent for RSI; Sedative for other sedating measures. CONTRA: Known hypersensitivity SIDE: Myoclonic skeletal muscle movement; laryngospasm DOSE: 0.1-0.3mg/kg IV over 15-30 seconds. Pediatrics over 10: Same as adult Not indicated in pt under 10 years old. |
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Dobutamine
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Dobutrex
CLASS: Sympathomimetic MOA: Increase cardiac contractility, little chronotropic activity INDIC: Short term management of CHF CONTRA: Should onlybe used in patients with an adequate heart rate SIDE: Headache; Hypertension; Palpitations DOSE: 2.5-20 mcg/kg/min. Mix 250mg in 500mL to get a concentration of 500mcg/mL Pediatric: 2-20mcg/kig/min |
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Sodium Bicarb
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CLASS: Alkalinizing agent
MOA: Combines with excessive acids to form a weak volatile acid, increases pH INDIC: Late management of cardiac arrest, tricyclic antidepressant OD, First line for cardiac arrest due to hyperkalemia (dialysis pt), crush injury CONTRA: Alkalotic states SIDE: Alkalosis DOSE: 1 mEq/kg follewd by 0.5mEq/kg every 10min usually one syringe contains (50mEq) |
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Diazepam
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Valium
Class: Benzodiazepine MOA: Anticonvulsant, skeletal muscle relaxant. INDIC: Major motor seizures, status epilepticus, premedication for cardioversion, acute anxiety states CONTRA: Hypersensitivity SIDE: Drowsiness, hypotension, respiratory depression DOSE: (Adult) 4 mg IV, IM repeat 2mg q 3-5 max 10mg (Pediatric) 0.1 –0.3 mg/kg IV,IM,Rectal |
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Haloperidol
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Haldol
CLASS: Tranquilizer, antipsychotic MOA: Blocks Dopamine receptors in brain responsible for mood and behavior, antiemetic properties INDIC: Acute psychotic episodes CONTRA: Should not administered in the presence of other sedatives, not used in management of dysphoria caused by Talwin SIDE: Physical and mental impairment DOSE: 5-10mg IM FDA JUST ISSUED A BLACK BOX WARNING FOR IV USE MAY PROLONG QT SEGMENT |
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Terbuataline
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Brethine
CLASS: Sympathomimetic MOA: Bronchodilator, increases heart rate INDIC: Bronchial asthma, COPD, pre-term labor CONTRA: Hypersensitivity SIDE: Palpitations, tachycardia, PVC, anxiety, tremors, headache DOSE: Adult –0.25 mg SQ Pediatric –0.01 mg/kg SQ |
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Morphine
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CLASS: Narcotic
MOA: Central nervous system depressant, peripheral vasodilation, decreases sensitivity to pain (causes dilatation through histamine release) INDIC: Severe pain, Pulmonary Edema, MI chest pain CONTRA: Head injury, volume depletion, undiagnosed abdominal pain, hypersensitivity SIDE: Dizziness, altered LOC DOSE: (Adult) 4 mg; repeat 2mg q 5-10; max 10mg or until relief of symptoms (burns require much more) (Pediatric) 0.1 mg/kg max 5mg |
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Fentanyl
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Sublimaze
CLASS: Narcotic MOA: Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS, altering the response and perception of pain INDIC: Narcotic pain relief, anti-anxiety CONTRA: known hypersensitivity and BP<110 systolic DOSE: (Adult) 50-75 mcg IM, IV, IO; Subsequent dose of 25 mcg q20-30 minutes to max of 200 mcg (Pediatric) 1mcg/kg |
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Nitrous Oxide
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CLASS: Gas
MOA: Central nervous system depressant INDIC: Pain of musculoskeletal origin, particularly fx, burns, ischemic chest pain CONTRA: Patients who cannot comprehend verbal instructions, intoxicated, Head injury with altered LOC, COPD, pneumothorax, abd pain SIDE: Headache, dizziness, giddiness, nausea, vomiting DOSE: Self admin. Fixed 50% nitrous and 50% O2blender |
