Emergency Care Of The Sick 9Th Ed. Chapt 7 Vocabulary

Front 1

agonal respirations

Back 1

occasional, gasping breaths that occur after the heart has stopped

Front 2

airway

Back 2

the upper airway tract or the passage above the larynx, which includes the nose, mouth, and throat.

Front 3

american standard system

Back 3

a safety system for oxygen cylinders, designed to prevent the accidental attachment of a regular to a cylinder containing the wrong type or gas.

Front 4

apnea

Back 4

a period of not breathing

Front 5

aspiration

Back 5

the introduction of vomitus or other foriegn material into the lungs

Front 6

ataxic respirations

Back 6

irregular, ineffective respirations that may or may not have an identifiable pattern

Front 7

bag-valve-mask (BVM) device

Back 7

a device with a one way valve and a face mask attached to a ventilation bag; when attached to a reservoir and connected to oxygen, delivers more than 90% supplemental oxygen

Front 8

barrier device

Back 8

a protective item, such as a pocket mask with a valve, that limits exposure to a patients body fluids

Front 9

bilateral

Back 9

a body part or condition that appears on both sides of a midline

Front 10

compliance

Back 10

the ability of the alveoli to expand when air is drawn in during inhilation

Front 11

cricoid pressure

Back 11

pressure on the cricoid cartilage; applied to occlude the esophagus in order to inhibit gastric distention and regurgitation of vomitus in the unconscious patient

Front 12

diffusion

Back 12

a process in which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Front 13

dyspnea

Back 13

difficulty breathing

Front 14

exhalation

Back 14

the passive part of the breathing process in which the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax forcing air out of the lungs

Front 15

gag reflex

Back 15

a normal reflex mechanism that causes retching; activated by touching the soft palate or back of the throat

Front 16

gastric distention

Back 16

a condition in which air fills the stomach, often as a result of high volume and pressure during artificial ventilation

Front 17

head tilt chin lift maneuver

Back 17

a combination of two movements to open the airway by tilting the forehead back and lifting the chin; not used for trauma patients

Front 18

hypoxia

Back 18

a dangerous condition in which the body tissues and cells do not have enough oxygen

Front 19

hypoxic drive

Back 19

a condition in which chronically low levels of oxygen in the blood stimulate the respiratory drive; seen in patients with chronic lung disease

Front 20

inhalation

Back 20

the the active, muscular part of breathing that draws air into the airway and lungs

Front 21

ischemia

Back 21

a lack of oxygen that deprives tissues of necessary nutrients

Front 22

jaw-thrust maneuver

Back 22

technique to open the airway by placing the fingers behind the angle of the jaw and bringing he jaw forward; used for patients who may have a cervical spine injury

Front 23

labored breathing

Back 23

breathing that requires greater than normal effort; may be slower or faster than normal and usually requires the use of accessory muscles

Front 24

metabolism

Back 24

the biochemical processes that result in production of energy from nutrients within the cells

Front 25

mild airway obstruction

Back 25

occurs when a foreign body partially obstructs the patients airway. The patient is able to move adequate amounts of air, but also experiences some degree of respiratory distress

Front 26

minute volume

Back 26

the volume of air moved through the lungs in 1 minute; calculated by multiplying tidal volume and respiratory rate

Front 27

nasal cannula

Back 27

an oxygen-delivery device in which oxygen flows through two small, tubelike prongs that fit into the patients nostrils; delivers 24% to 44% supplemental oxygen, depending on the flow rate

Front 28

nasopharyngeal (nasil) airway

Back 28

airway adjunct inserted into the nostril of a conscious patient who is unable to maintain airway patency independently

Front 29

nonrebreathing mask

Back 29

a combination mask and reservoir bag system that is the preferred way to give oxygen in the prehospital setting; delivers up to 90% inspired oxygen and prevents inhaling the exhaled gases (carbon dioxide)

Front 30

oropharyngeal (oral) airway

Back 30

airway adjunct inserted into the mouth to keep the tongue from blocking the upper airway and to facilitate suctioning the airway

Front 31

patent

Back 31

open, clear of obstruction

Front 32

pin-indexing system

Back 32

a system established for portable cylinders to ensure that a regulator is not connected to a cylinder containing the wrong type of gas

Front 33

pneumothorax

Back 33

a partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural splace

Front 34

recovery position

Back 34

a side-lying position used to maintain a clear airway in unconscious patients without injuries who are breathing adequately

Front 35

retractions

Back 35

movements in which the skin pulls in around the ribs during inspiration

Front 36

sellick maneuver

Back 36

a technique that is used to prevent gastric distention in which pressure is applied to the cricoid cartilage; also referred to as cricoid pressure

Front 37

severe airway obstruction

Back 37

occurs when a foreign body completely obstructs the patients airway. patients cannot breathe, talk, or cough

Front 38

stoma

Back 38

an opening through the skin and into an organ or other structure; a stoma in the neck connects the trachea directly to the skin

Front 39

suction catheter

Back 39

a hollow, cylindrical device used to remove fluid from the patients airway

Front 40

tidal volume

Back 40

the amount of air moved in or out of the lungs during one breath

Front 41

tonsil tips

Back 41

large, semirigid suction tips recommended for suctioning the pharynx; also called the yankauer tips

Front 42

ventilation

Back 42

exchange of air between the lungs and the environment. spontaneously by the patient or with assistance from another person, such as an emt-b.