Emergency Care Of The Sick 9Th Ed. Chapt 5 Questions

Front 1

Chief complaint

Back 1

the reason for the call to 911, major signs and symptoms that the patient reports when asked, "what seems to be the matter?"

Front 2

symptoms

Back 2

the problems or feelings the patient reports to you, these cannot be felt or observed by others

Front 3

signs

Back 3

objective conditions that can be seen, felt, smelled, or measured by you or others, wounds or external breathing

Front 4

sample history

Back 4

mnemonic used to obtain patient histroy; S- signs and symptoms, A-allergies, M-medications, P-pertinent past history, L-last oral intake, E- events leading to the injury or illness

Front 5

OPQRST

Back 5

second mnemonic device that can be helpful in remembering questions to ask while taking a patients history; O- onset, P- provocation or pallatation (does anything make it better or worse?), Q- quality, R- region of radiation (where does it hurt?), S- severity (scale of 1-10), T- timing of pain (constant or intermittent)

Front 6

Basline vital signs

Back 6

key signs that are used to evaluate a patients condition, baseline is the first set of vital signs to obtain. included are the following; respiration, pulse, blood pressure, skin temp and condition in adults, capillary refill in children, pupillary reaction, level of consciousness

Front 7

spontaneous respiration

Back 7

a patient who is breathing without assistance

Front 8

normal respirations rate

Back 8

adults; 12-20, children, 15-30, infants; 25-50

Front 9

normal respiration

Back 9

breathing is neither shallow nor deep, equal chest rise and fall, no use in accessory muscles

Front 10

shallow respiration

Back 10

decreased chaest or abdominal wall motion

Front 11

labored respiration

Back 11

increased breathing effort, use of accessory muscles, possible gasping

Front 12

nasal flaring supraclavicular intercostal

Back 12

noisy respirations, increase in sound of breathing including snoring wheezing gurgling crowing grunting and stridor

Front 13

tripod position

Back 13

the patient sits leaning forward on outstretched arms with the head and chin thrust slightly forward and having sufficiently difficult breathing

Front 14

sniffing position

Back 14

patient sits upright with head and chin thrust slightly forward and the patient apears to be sniffing

Front 15

labored breathing

Back 15

breathing that becomes progressively more difficult and requires progressively more effort

Front 16

stridor

Back 16

a harsh high pitched crowing sound occurs when the airway is partially obstructed by a foreign object or swelling

Front 17

tidal volume

Back 17

the amount of air that is exchanged with each breath

Front 18

oximetry

Back 18

a photoelectric device that monitors the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin

Front 19

vasoconstriction

Back 19

a narrowing of the blood vessels such as hypo perfusion or cold extremities

Front 20

pulse

Back 20

pressure wave that occurs at each heartbeat

Front 21

normal pulse rate

Back 21

adults; 60-100, children;70-150, infants; 100-160

Front 22

tacky cardia

Back 22

a faster than normal heart rate, in adults grater than 100 beats per minute

Front 23

bradycardia

Back 23

a slower than normal heart rate, in adults less than 60

Front 24

perfusion

Back 24

the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue, adequate perfusion meets the current needs of the cells

Front 25

conjunctiva

Back 25

delicate membrane lining eyeballs and the exposed surface of the eye

Front 26

syanosis

Back 26

the condition that occurs when low levels of oxygen go to the skin causing the skin to become blueish, mucus membranes, lips and nail beds

Front 27

jaundice

Back 27

caused by liver disease of dysfunction results in patient disease of sclera turning yellow

Front 28

sclera

Back 28

normally white portion of the ye, may show color change even before skin color change is visible

Front 29

diaphoretic

Back 29

when the skin is bathed in sweat, such as after continuous exercise

Front 30

capillary refill

Back 30

evaluated to assess the ability of the circulatory system to restore blood to the capillary system, press the finger and fingernail together they turn white, when let go the color should return to pink in 2 seconds

Front 31

blood pressure

Back 31

the pressure of the circulating blood against the walls of the arteries, a decrease in blood pressure may indicate one of the following; the loss of blood or its fluid, loss of vascular tone or sufficient arterial constriction to maintain necessary pressure, a cardiac pumping problem

Front 32

systolic pressure

Back 32

increase in pressure that is caused along the artery with each contraction of the ventricles and the pulse wave that it produces

Front 33

diastolic pressure

Back 33

residual pressure that remains in the arteries during the relaxing phase of the hearts cyce, diastole

Front 34

auscultation

Back 34

method of listening to sounds in the body with a stethoscope

Front 35

blood pressure hypotension

Back 35

blood pressure is lower than the normal range

Front 36

blood pressure hypertension

Back 36

blood pressure is higher than the normal range

Front 37

normal ranges for blood pressure

Back 37

adults; 90-140 systolic, children; 80-110 systolic, infants; 50-95 systolic

Front 38

AVPU scale

Back 38

rapid method of assessing the patients level of consciousness using on of the following terms; A- awake and alert, V- responsive to verbal stimuli, P- responsive to pain, U- unresponsive

Front 39

name 5 pupil reactions to decreased brain function

Back 39

becoming fixed with no reaction to light, dilate with introduction of bright light and constrict when light is removed, react sluggishly instead of briskly, become unequal in size, become unequal in size when bright light is introduced into or removed from one eye

Front 40

PEARRL

Back 40

mnemonic used to determine condition of pupils; P- pupil, E- equal, A- and, R-round, R-regular in size, L- react to light