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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Age range of newborns and infants |
Birth to one year Ch. 33, pg. 926 |
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Age range of toddlers |
1 to 3 years Ch. 33, pg. 926 |
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Age range of preschoolers |
3 to 5 years Ch. 33, pg. 926 |
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Age range of school age children |
6 to 12 years Ch. 33, pg. 926 |
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Age range of adolescents |
13 to 18 years Ch. 33, pg. 926 |
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What is the potential impact of the following difference between pediatric and adult patients? Tongue proportionately larger |
More likely to partially obstruct the airway Ch. 33, pg. 926 |
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What is the potential impact of the following difference between pediatric and adult patients? Smaller airway structures |
More easily blocked Ch. 33, pg. 926 |
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What is the potential impact of the following difference between pediatric and adult patients? Abundant secretions |
Can block the airway Ch. 33, pg. 926 |
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What is the potential impact of the following difference between pediatric and adult patients? Deciduous (baby) teeth |
Easily dislodged; can block the airway Ch. 33, pg. 926 |
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What is the potential impact of the following difference between pediatric and adult patients? Flat nose and face; absence of teeth |
Difficult to obtain good face mask seal Ch. 33, pg. 926 |
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What is the potential impact of the following difference between pediatric and adult patients? Head heavier relative to body and less-developed neck structure and muscles |
Head may be propelled more forcefully than the body, creating a higher incidence of head injury Ch. 33, pg. 926 |
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What is the potential impact of the following difference between pediatric and adult patients? Fontanelle and open sutures (soft spots) palpable on top of young infant's head |
Bulging fontanelle can be a sign of intracranial pressure (but may be normal if infant is crying); sunken fontanelle may indicate dehydration Ch. 33, pg. 926 |
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What is the potential impact of the following difference between pediatric and adult patients? Thinner, softer brain tissue that occupies less space in the cranium |
Susceptible to serious brain trauma Ch. 33, pg. 926 |
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What is the potential impact of the following difference between pediatric and adult patients? Head larger in proportion to body |
Head tips forward when supine, causing flexion of neck, making neutral alignment of cervical spine and airway difficult Ch. 33, pg. 926 |
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What is the potential impact of the following difference between pediatric and adult patients? Shorter, narrower, more elastic (flexible) trachea |
Can close off trachea with hyperextension of neck Ch. 33, pg. 926 |
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What is the potential impact of the following difference between pediatric and adult patients? Short neck |
Difficult to stabilize or immobilize Ch. 33, pg. 926 |
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What is the potential impact of the following difference between pediatric and adult patients? Abdominal breathers |
Reliant on diaphragm to breathe; difficult to evaluate breathing Ch. 33, pg. 926 |
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What is the potential impact of the following difference between pediatric and adult patients? Faster respiratory rate |
Muscles easily fatigue, causing respiratory distress Ch. 33, pg. 926 |
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What is the potential impact of the following difference between pediatric and adult patients? Newborns/infants typically nose breathers |
Nasal obstruction can impair breathing Ch. 33, pg. 926 |
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What is the potential impact of the following difference between pediatric and adult patients? Larger body surface relative to body mass |
Prone to hypothermia and increased injury because of higher proportions of energy transferred to their little bodies Ch. 33, pg. 926 |
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What is the potential impact of the following difference between pediatric and adult patients? Softer bones |
More flexible, less easily fractured; traumatic forces may be transmitted to and injure internal organs without fracturing ribs or other bones Ch. 33, pg. 926 |
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What is the potential impact of the following difference between pediatric and adult patients? More flexible ribs |
Traumatic forces may be transmitted to chest cavity without fracturing; lungs easily damaged with trauma Ch. 33, pg. 926 |
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What is the potential impact of the following difference between pediatric and adult patients? Spleen and liver more exposed |
Injury likely with significant force to abdomen Ch. 33, pg. 926 |
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Normal pulse rate range for newborns |
120 to 160 Ch. 33, pg. 927 |
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Normal pulse rate range for infant 0-5 months |
90 to 140 Ch. 33, pg. 927 |
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Normal pulse rate range for infant 6-12 months |
80 to 140 Ch. 33, pg. 927 |
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Normal pulse rate range for toddler 1-3 years |
80 to 130 Ch. 33, pg. 927 |
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Normal pulse rate range for preschooler 3-5 years |
80 to 120 Ch. 33, pg. 927 |
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Normal pulse rate range for school age 6-12 years |
70 to 110 Ch. 33, pg. 927 |
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Normal pulse rate range for adolescent 13-18 years |
60 to 105 Ch. 33, pg. 927 |
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Normal respiratory rate range for newborns |
30 to 50 Ch. 33, pg. 927 |
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Normal respiratory rate range for infant 0-5 months |
25 to 40 Ch. 33, pg. 927 |
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Normal respiratory rate range for infant 6-12 months |
20 to 30 Ch. 33, pg. 927 |
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Normal respiratory rate range for toddler 1-3 years |
20 to 30 Ch. 33, pg. 927 |
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Normal respiratory rate range for preschooler 3-5 years |
20 to 30 Ch. 33, pg. 927 |
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Normal respiratory rate range for school age 6-12 years |
15 to 30 Ch. 33, pg. 927 |
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Normal respiratory rate range for adolescents 13-18 years |
12 to 20 Ch. 33, pg. 927 |
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Rough formula for determining systolic blood pressure for all ages above 3 |
Approx 80 plus (2 x age) Ch. 33, pg. 927 |
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Rough formula for determining diastolic blood pressure for all ages above 3 |
Approx. 2/3 systolic Ch. 33, pg. 927 |
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Normal systolic blood pressure range for preschooler 3-5 years |
Average 99 (78 to 104) Ch. 33, pg. 927 |
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Normal systolic blood pressure range for school age 6-12 years |
Average 105 (80 to 122) Ch. 33, pg. 927 |
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Normal systolic blood pressure range for adolescent 13-18 years |
Average 114 (88 to 140) Ch. 33, pg. 927 |
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Normal diastolic blood pressure for preschooler 3-5 years |
Average 65 Ch. 33, pg. 927 |
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Normal diastolic blood pressure for school age 6-12 years |
Average 69 Ch. 33, pg. 927 |
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Normal diastolic blood pressure for adolescents 13- 18 years |
Average 76 Ch. 33, pg. 927 |
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"The __________ fontanelle is the fontanelle that should always be assessed in an infant." |
Anterior Ch. 33, pg. 928 |
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"The anterior fontanelle is closed in 1 percent of infants by ________; in 38 percent by __________; and in 96 percent by __________." |
-Three months -Twelve months -Twenty-four months Ch. 33, pg. 928 |
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What are the three elements of the pediatric assessment triangle? |
-Appearance -Work of breathing -Circulation to skin Ch. 33, pg. 935 |
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When checking circulation for the pediatric assessment triangle, you check for ______, ______, and ____________. |
-Pulse -Subtle cyanosis -Capillary refill Ch. 33, pg. 936 |
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"The primary assessment is particularly important in pediatrics as threats to the _______, __________, and ________ are the most common killers of children." |
-Airway -Breathing -Circulation Ch. 33, pg. 936 |
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What should you check in addition to pulse when assessing circulation in infants and children five years old or younger? |
Capillary refill Ch. 33, pg. 938 |
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In what order should you perform the physical examination on a pediatric patient to avoid frightening them? |
Trunk-to-head or toe-to-head Ch. 33, pg. 940 |
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"Many children around the age of _____________ go through a stage of intense modesty." |
Five to eight Ch. 33, pg. 940 |
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What type of breathers are most children eight years of age or younger? |
Abdominal Ch. 33, pg. 944 |
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What nerve can be stimulated during suctioning of a pediatric patient and what effect can this have? |
The vagus nerve can be stimulated, causing bradycardia Ch. 33, pg. 946-947 |
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Is airway blockage by the tongue more or less likely in children? |
More likely Ch. 33, pg. 947 |
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S/S Partial airway obstruction in a pediatric patient |
-Noisy breathing (stridor, crowing) -Retractions of the muscles around the ribs and sternum when inhaling -Normal skin color -Peripheral perfusion is satisfactory (cap refill under 2 seconds in child <5 years) -Still alert, not unconscious Ch. 33, pg. 947 |
