Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Biologic weapon |
A biologic agent, such as anthrax, that is used to spread disease among the general population or military |
|
|
Chemical weapon |
A chemical agent, such as chlorine, that is used to cause disability and mortality in the general population or military |
|
|
Decontamination |
Process of removing or rendering harmless contaminates that have accumulated on personnel, patients, and equipment |
|
|
Mass casualty incident |
Situation in which the numbers of casualties exceeds the number of available resources |
|
|
MSDS |
Material safety data sheet explanation of what to do in given chemical disaster |
|
|
Radiologic weapons |
By products of radiation contamination that are used to cause morbidity and mortality in the general population or military |
|
|
Terrorism |
Unlawful use of violence or threats of violence against people in order to coerce or intimidate |
|
|
Weapons of mass destruction |
Weapons used to cause widespread death and destruction |
|
|
Violence in ER |
Inmates cuffed to bed, safety is priority (nurse and patient), if suspect injury gang related, do not allow visitors, remove all objects from room if pt is violent |
|
|
Holistic disasters |
Worst day of their lives, provide support to family and pt, anxiety, denial, remorse, guilt, anger, grief, if unconscious treat as if conscious |
|
|
Triage |
Advanced skill, ER severity index 1-5 protocols and first aid |
|
|
Emergency severity index |
1. Sickest, traumas 2. Chest pains 3. Abdominal pains 4. Simple injuries 5. Least sick, common cold |
|
|
Primary survey |
Stabilizing life threatening conditions ABCDE (Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure) |
|
|
GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) |
Check LOC, lowest 3, highest 15, 8 or less comatose |
|
|
AVPU? |
Alert, spontaneous, can they wake, do they need painful stimuli, undress to assess, trauma look for chest injury |
|
|
Airway |
King tube/ laryngeal mask for tough intubations, cricothyroidotomy if ET contraindicated, if conscious sedation then neuro block, assess lung sounds, after intubation, right side first |
|
|
Capnography |
Instant and accurate, assesses CO2 removal, accurate to assess breathing |
|
|
Breathing |
Resp. Rate, ABG's, lung sounds, pulse ox, chest rise to check if breathing effectively |
|
|
What is the indicative sign of CO poisoning |
Cherry red cheeks |
|
|
S&S of internal bleeding |
Increased heart rate, decreased BP, decreased cap refill, decreased PTT |
|
|
Sepsis protocol |
Antibiotics within 3 hours--20-30 ml/kg NS or LR for sepsis- 30 ml/kg for septic shock-- vasopressors if fluids aren't effective |
|
|
Secondary survey |
History, head to toe, diagnostics and labs, monitoring, splinting, wounds, tetanus with open wounds, triage primary and secondary survey |
|
|
When do knife cuts need to be closed by? |
Within 6 hours |
|
|
Do you close animal bite wounds? |
Not that often due to infection |
|
|
How do you document entrance and exit wounds? |
You don't!! |
|
|
What is priority with any gunshot to abdomen |
Go to surgery |
|
|
Signs of internal bleeding |
Diagnostics, distention, hypoactive bowel sounds, flank bruising, assess bowel sounds, US, CT, H&H |
|
|
What organs are affected most by crush injuries? |
Kidneys-rhabdomolysis bolus with fluid |
|
|
What do you do if circulation is effected by fractures? |
Manipulate bones, if that doesn't work go to OR |
|
|
Nonexertional heat stroke |
Old or very young, in extreme heat, worse when not sweating, confusion, cramps |
|
|
Exertional heat stroke |
Young adults to middle age adults |
|
|
Heat stroke |
Hypotension, tachycardia, not sweating, possible seizures |
|
|
How to cool heat stroke victims |
Ice, fluids (NS), replace electrolytes, stop cooling @ 100.4, hypothermic or rebound hyperthermia, monitor HR and UOP |
|
|
What is important with heat and cold induced illnesses? |
Maintain internal temp monitoring rectal or Foley with thermometer |
|
|
Hypothermia |
Inability to maintain temp below 36 degrees celcius infants, elderly, homeless, drinking |
|
|
Frostbite |
Freezing of ICF, fingers, toes, nose, and ears-do not massage, causes muscle damage |
|
|
Submersion injuries |
Monitor for 24 hours for acute resp distress, if cough up water treat for hypoxia, fresh water loses surfactant, salt water pulmonary edema |
|
|
Decompression sickness |
History of last 24-48 hours, nitrogen bubbles, joint pain, air emboli, treatment with HBO, watch for neuro changes |
|
|
Animal bites |
All have to be reported to public health, rabies vaccine prophylactic, immediately after, immunoglobulin |
|
|
Human bites |
Higher risk of infection, antibiotics |
|
|
What happens if snake bites are not treated? |
Seizures, hypotension, coma |
|
|
When does antivenom have to be administered |
Within 4 hours, no more than 12 hours, monitor 6 hours, measure circumference frequently (q 15min) |
|
|
Tick bites |
Fever, weak, malaise, Lyme disease, bullseye with rash within 4 weeks, flu-like symptoms, stage 2 motorless, paralysis, meningitis, stage 3 give tetracycline, paralysis, permanent |
|
|
Brown recluse bites |
Painless bite, fever, chills, nausea, joint pain, raised purple spot 2-8 hours, 2-4 days necrosis |
|
|
Black widow bite |
Painful, S&S within 30 mins, abdomen rigidity, seizures |
|
|
What treatment for overdose can't be used together? |
Charcoal and mucomyst |
|
|
Signs of DT |
Agitation, tremors, hallucinations |
|
|
Sexually assault |
SANE nurse must examine, collaborate so pt does not have to tell story more than once, each piece of clothing in individual paper bags, vaginal & rectal exams, specimens, HIV and STD tests, pregnancy test, plan B contraceptive |
|
|
When does abuse have to be reported? |
When children or elderly adults not in right mind are involved |
|
|
Joint commission for emergency operations plan (EOP) |
A plan has to be made and practiced twice a year |
|
|
How do you triage in a disaster with large number of casualties |
On the likelihood of survival and consumption of resources-*do the greatest good for the greatest number of people |
|
|
Triage- immediate- priority 1 - color red |
Injuries are life threatening but survivable with intendention, typical codition sucking chest wound, airway obstruction, shock, hemothorax, tension pneumothorax, asphyxia, unstable chest and abdominal wounds, incomplete amputations, open fractures of long bones, and second and third degree burns of 15%-40% TBSA |
|
|
Triage - delayed - priority 2 - color yellow |
Injuries are significant and require medical care but can wait hours without threat to life or limb |
|
|
Triage delayed typical coditions |
Stable abdominal wounds without evidence of significant hemorrhage, soft tissue injuries, maxilla, focal wounds without airway compromise, vascular injuries |
|
|
Triage - minimal - priority 3 - color green |
Injuries are minor, and treatment can be delayed by hours to days |
|
|
Triage - expectant - priority 4 - color black |
Injuries are extensive and chances of survival are unlikely with definitive care |
|
|
Level A PPE |
Worn when the highest level of resp., skin, eye, and mucous membrane protection is required |
|
|
Level B PPE |
Protection requires the highest level of resp. Protection but a lesser level of skin, and eye than with level A |
|
|
Level C PPE |
Protection requires the air-purified respirations, a chemical resistant coverall with splash hood, chemical resistant gloves, boots |
|
|
Level D PPE |
Protection is the typical work uniform |
|
|
Primary phase of blast injury |
Results from pressure wave, common injuries, pulmonary barotraumas, including pulmonary contusions, head injuries, including concussion, tympanic membrane rupture, middle ear injury, abdominal hollow organ perforation hemorrhage |
|
|
Secondary phase of blast injury |
Results from debris from the scene or shrapnel from the bomb, common injuries, penetrating trunks, skin and soft tissue injuries, fractures, traumatic amputations |
|
|
Tertiary phase of blast Injury |
Results from pressure wave that causes the victim to be thrown, common injuries, head injuries, fractures, including skull |
|
|
Quaternary phase of blast injury |
Results from preexisting conditions exacerbated by the force of the blast or by post blast injury complaints |
|
|
Quinary phase of blast injury |
Thought to result from a hyperinflammatory state commonly seen in bystanders near to the blast and due to toxic substances or uncommon explosives |
|
|
S&S of anthrax ingestion |
Nausea, vomiting, bloody diarrhea |
|
|
S&S of anthrax inhalation |
Mimics flu |
|
|
How do antibiotics affect anthrax |
Doesn't stop progress, if treatment with pcn within 24 hours of exposure death can be prevented |
|
|
What are the steps of decontamination |
1. Remove clothes and jewelry and rinse with water 2. Thorough soap and water, wash and rinse |
|
|
What is exposure to radiation effected by |
Time, distance, shielding |
|
|
Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) |
Dose of radiation, all body systems, preventing s&s, probable survivors, possible survivors, improbable survivors, neurologic symptoms |
