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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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classification
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a system of organization based on related characteristics
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taxonomy
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a system of naming organisms
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chordate characteristics
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notochord, dorsal neural tube (hollow), pharyngeal clefts, subpharyngeal gland, ventral heart
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follicle cells
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surround the developing oocyte and produce hormones
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sertoli's cells
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separate the haploid sperm from the male immune system
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vitelline membrane
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surrounds the egg, is dissolved by the acrosome's contents (sperm) during fertilization
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isolecithal
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even distribution of yolk. found in echinoderms, cephalochordates, urochordates
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alecithal
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without yolk. mammals
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macrolecithal
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mostly yolk with an animal pole and vegetal pole. fish, reptiles, aves, monotremes
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mesolecithal
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partially yolk. amphibians
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holoblastic clevage
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all cells split completely during clevage. can be even or uneaven
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meroblastic clevage
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"unit forming" divides one cell into sections instead of true clevage
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grey crescent
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forms during cytoplasmic reorganization and will become the nervous system
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Henson's node
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end of the primitive streak and the site of neurulation
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primitive streak
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where the epiblast falls in on itself and begins turning under to form mesoderm. also the place where the neural tube forms
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alantois
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protrusion of the hind-gut in a developing embryo that forms an embryonic lung by bringing blood vessels to the surface of the cell
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gastrulation forms:
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ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
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epithelium
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cells that form both inner and outer surfaces usu. between another tissue and an air or fluid-filled space
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extra-cellular matrix
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secreted substance containing "ground substance", collagen and elastin
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serous gland
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water gland w/ or w/o enzymes
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merocrine
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gland that secretes by releasing the product directly from the cell(s) to be absorbed elsewhere by diffusion
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apocrine
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gland that secretes by pinching off the apex of the cell and releasing product in membrane-bound vessicles
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holocrine
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gland that secretes whole cells filled with product
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somite layers
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scleratome, myotome, dermatome
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scleratome
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forms the vertebrae
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myotome
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forms back muscles (epaxial)
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dermatome
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forms dermis of skin
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neural crest cells
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formed from the meeting of the neural crest in formation of the nerve tube. make pigment
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chromatophores
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cells that can arrange their pigments and change color
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chromatocytes
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cells that secrete pigment for other cells to absorb
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parthenogenesis
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embryonic development without fertilization
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stratum corneum
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dead cells - membrane-bound keratin that forms the outer layer of the skin
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stratum lucideum
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cells full of keratin, but still hydrated and alive. found underneath stratum corneum
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stratum granulosa
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cells full of keratin granules. found underneath stratum lucideum
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stratum germinativum
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layer of epidermal cells that is continuously dividing to make more cells for the upper layers
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unguis
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heavily keratinized outer surface of epidermis in scales, claws, beaks, fingernails, etc
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subunguis
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layer under the unguis that is keratinized
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ganoin
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upper layer of bone in dermal scales (above the spongey bone)
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4 types of mesoderm
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somatic, splanchnic, chordomesoderm, somite
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somatic mesoderm
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forms skeletal muscles and related connective tissue
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splanchnic mesoderm
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forms visceral muscle, cardiovascular muscle and related connective tissues
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chordomesoderm
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forms notochord
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somite
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forms the vertebrae, back muscles and dermis
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ectoderm
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forms neural tube, epidermis, neural crest
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