Embryology Unit 1

Front 1

Morphogenesis

Back 1

Change in the shape and organization of the body and it's parts

Front 2

Histogenesis

Back 2

Involves a progressive change in the substance and structure of the cells (creating tissues)

Front 3

Prenatal

Back 3

Intrauterine period before birth

(38 weeks calculated from time of fertilization, 40 weeks calculated from first day of last menstrual period)

Front 4

Peri-natal

Back 4

22nd week of prenatal to 4 weeks after birth

Front 5

Neo Natal

Back 5

birth to 4 weeks after birth

Front 6

Infancy

Back 6

birth to 1 year

Front 7

childhood

Back 7

1 year to puberty

Front 8

puberty

Back 8

12-15 years (female)
13-16 years (male)

Front 9

adolescence

Back 9

11-19 years

Front 10

adult

Back 10

18-21 years

Front 11

pre-embryonic

Back 11

fertilization to 2 weeks after fertilization

Front 12

embryonic period

Back 12

8th week to 38th week

Front 13

prediction for the time of birth

Back 13

last menstrual period + 1 year - 3 month + 1 week

Front 14

Weight of a full-term neonate

Back 14

3.4 kg or 7 lbs.

Front 15

Weight of a premature neonate

Back 15

1.0-2.5 kg or 2-4.5 lbs

Front 16

weight of immature neonate

Back 16

0.5-1.0 kg or 1-2 lbs

Front 17

abortion

Back 17

loss of fetus in the first 22 weeks of pregnancy

Front 18

still birth

Back 18

"viable" fetus born dead (after 22 weeks of pregnancy)

Front 19

Signs of threatened abortion

Back 19

bleeding, cramping

Front 20

spontaneous abortion

Back 20

is without outside intervention-- a "miscarriage"

Front 21

Habitual abortion

Back 21

woman who has had three or more miscarriages and cannot birth a viable fetus

Front 22

induced abortion

Back 22

medical intervention (elective, therapeutic, or voluntary loss of fetus)

Front 23

gametogenesis

Back 23

1. reduction of the number of chromosomes in each gamete to half that of a normal somatic cell

2. alters the shape of each gamete in preparation to fertilization

Front 24

meiosis

Back 24

special type of cell division that only happens in the germ cells.

Diploid germ cell reduced to haploid germ cells

Front 25

mittelschmerz

Back 25

means "Middle Pain". A variable amount of abdominal pain accompanies ovulation in some women.

Front 26

Stigma (in ovulation and semination)

Back 26

bulge on the surface of the ovary locally (results from a maturated enlarged follicle)

Front 27

cumulus oophorus

Back 27

oocyte is pushed to one side of the follicle where it is surrounded by granulosa cells

Front 28

Sertoli cells

Back 28

sperm detach from the sertoli cells during spermatogenesis

Front 29

epididymus

Back 29

where the sperm are separated and stored during spermatogenesis

Front 30

Corona Radiate

Back 30

follicular cells that radiate around the oocyte making up the culumus complex

Front 31

Zona Pellucida

Back 31

a glycoprotein shell surrounding the oocyte. Forms a very thick coating.

Front 32

Where does fertilization begin?

Back 32

In the AMPULLA of the uterine tube

Front 33

How is polyspermy prevented?

Back 33

The sperm's initial contact with zona pellucida causes a change in the resting membrane potential of the fertilized oocyte.

Front 34

The phases of the Uterine Cycle:

Days 1-5

Back 34

menstrual phase

Front 35

The phases of the Uterine Cycle:

Days 5-14

Back 35

proliferation phase

Front 36

The Phases of the Uterine Cycle:

Days 14-27

Back 36

Luteal Phase

Front 37

The Phases of the Uterine Cycle:

Days 27-28

Back 37

Ischemic Phase

Front 38

First phase of ovarian cycle

Back 38

Follicular Phase-- development and maturation of the follicles.

Front 39

Second phase of ovarian cycle

Back 39

Ovulatory Phase-- ovulation and release of the oocyte

Front 40

Third phase of ovarian cycle

Back 40

Luteal phase-- development of the corpus luteum

Front 41

What happens during the Menstrual cycle of the uterine cycle?

Back 41

Functional layer or the uterus is sloughed off.

Front 42

What happens during the Proliferation Phase of the uterine cycle?

Back 42

Follicular growth, estrogen, building endometrium

Front 43

What's happening during the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?

Back 43

Formation of the corpus luteum, progesterone, endometrium is at maximum thickness. If ovum is fertilized-- blastocyte (5-6 days implantation)

Front 44

What's happening during the Ischemic phase of the uterine cycle?

Back 44

Spiral arteries constricting, lack of hormones (last 1-2 days)

Front 45

How long is the oocyte viable?

Back 45

18 hours

Front 46

How long is the sperm viable?

Back 46

1-2 days (3 days max)

Front 47

How long is sperm viable invitro?

Back 47

2 weeks

Front 48

How long is sperm viable when frozen?

Back 48

about 10 years (with 20% loss)

Front 49

Where does capacitation take place, and how long does it last?

Back 49

Starts in the uterus/uterine tubes and lasts 6-7 hours.

Front 50

What are 4 results of fertilization?

Back 50

1. Restoration of diploid chromosomal number (46 d)
2. Species variation
3. Determination of sex
4. Initiation of zygote division

Front 51

Division of the zygote-- formation of two cells result in __________

Back 51

blastomeres

Front 52

Division of cells to 16-30 cells, blastomere becomes ____________

Back 52

morula

Front 53

Embryoblast

Back 53

The inner cell mass-- centrally located large size cells of the morula

Front 54

Trophoblast

Back 54

The outer cell mass (small sized cells) of the morula