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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 categories of Growth and Determination Factors (GDFs)
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FGF (fibroblast growth factors), WNT proteins, Hedgehog, TGF betas (Transforming growth factor beta superfamily)
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BMP4 is present
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ectoderm becomes epidermis
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BMP4 is blocked
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ectoderm forms neural plate
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Paraxial Mesoderm
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longitudinal blocks of tissue on either side of the notochord. It gives rise to the axial skeleton and skeletal muscle
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Intermediate Mesoderm
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give rise to urogenital system
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Lateral Plate Mesoderm
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gives rise to connective tissue and skeleton of the limbs and smooth muscle and connective tissue of viscera and blood vessels (not skeletal muscle)
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rhombomeres
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the neuromeres of the hindbrain. 7 segments. Where the hox gene expression determines order of cranial nerves
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Somitomeres
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formed by rhombomeres inducing the paraxial mesoderm next to them to form blocks of tissue.
Give rise to head mesoderm -> some muslces & bones of neurocranium |
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Paraxial mesoderm
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'segmented' series of tissue blocks on each side of the neural tube
-Somitomeres: 7 - more cranial -Somites: caudally from occipital region |
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Somites are added
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head to toe
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Somite divides into 2 parts
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sclerotome and
dermamyotome (which divides into dermatome and myotome) |
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Sclerotome condense around notochord and form ____
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vertebrae
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Epimere
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Epaxial
Deep back muscles |
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Hypomere
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Hypaxial
basically not deep back muscles |
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Mesoderm divides into
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Paraxial
Intermediate Lateral plate |
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Caudal Dysplasia/Caudal regression
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total or partial failure of development of the lower vertebrae, including the sacrum, which results in associated abnormalities of the lower extremities, spine, kidneys, gastrointestinal and genitorurinary tracts.
Associated with maternal diabetes |
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Somite will divide into two halves
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Dorsal - dermamoyotome
Ventromedial - sclerotome |
