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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What teratogen causes renal damage?
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ACE i
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What teratogen causes absence of digits?
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Alkylating agents
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What teratogen causes CN 8 toxicity?
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aminoglycosides
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What teratogen is associated with placental abruption?
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Cocaine
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What does DES exposure cause in a baby?
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Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma
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What teratogen is associated with neural tube defects?
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Folate antagonist
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Teratogenic effects of lithium
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Ebstein's anomaly (atrialized right ventricle)
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Teratogenic effects of maternal diabetes
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Caudal regression syndrome (sacral agenesis, anal atresia, leg paralysis)
macrosomia hypoglycemia |
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Teratogenic effects of smoking
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preterm labor
IUGR ADHD |
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What teratogen causes discolored teeth?
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Tetracyclines
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What teratogen causes limb defects?
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Thalidomide
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What teratogenic effects does valproate have?
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inhib intestinal folate absorption - leads to NTDs
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What teratogenic effects does excess vit A cause?
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spont abortions
birth defects |
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What teratogenic effects does warfarin cause?
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bone deformities
fetal hem abortion |
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What teratogens cause multiple anomalies?
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X rays, anticonvulsants
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What does the mesoderm develop into?
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muscle, bone, CT
serous linings, spleen, cardiovasc, urogenital, kidney |
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What arises from the neural crest cells?
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ANS, cranial nerves
melanocyte, parafollicular cells, odontoblasts, Schwann cells, Chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla |
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What does the surface ectoderm develop into?
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Adenohypophysis, lens, mouth epith, epidermis, salivary/sweat/mammary glands
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What does the neuroectoderm develop into?
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CNS, retina
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What is happening in week 2?
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2 layers - epiblast, hypoblast
2 cavities- amniotic cavity, yolk sac 2 components to placenta- cytotrophoblast, sycytiotrophoblast |
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The umbilical vein and umbilical arteries become...
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umbilical vein - ligamentum teres hepatis
umbilical artery - medial umbilical ligaments |
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The ductus arteriosus and ductus venosis become...
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ductus arteriosus - ligamentum arteriosum
ductus venosis - ligamentum venosum |
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The foramen ovale becomes...
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fossa ovalis
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The allantois becomes the...
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urachus (duct from bladder to yolk sac)
dev into median umbilical ligament allaNtois - mediaN umbilical ligament |
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The notocord develops into the
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nucleus pulposus
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What does aortic arch 1 develop into?
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maxillary artery (branch of external carotid)
1st arch is MAXimal |
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What does aortic arch 2 develop into?
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stapedial and hyoid artery
Second = Stapedial |
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What does aortic arch 3 develop into?
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common carotid and proximal part of internal carotid
3rd letter of alphabet is C |
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What does aortic arch 4 develop into?
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on right, subclavian
on left, aortic arch 4th arch = 4 limbs = systemic |
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What does aortic arch 6 develop into?
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proximal pulm arteries and ductus arteriosus
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What does aortic arch 5 develop into?
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trick question... nothing!
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The prosencephalon develops into
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telencephalon - cerebral hemispheres
diencephalon - thalami |
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The mesencephalon develops into
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midbrain
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The rhombencephalon develops into
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metencephalon - pons, cerebellum
myelencephalon - medulla |
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What are the serum markers for NTDs?
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high AFP and acetylcholinesterase in CSF
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What is the process that is lacking in NTDs?
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Neurospores fail to fuse
persistent connection b/w amniotic cavity and spinal canal |
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What is a meningocele?
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meninges herniate through spinal canal defect
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What is it called when meninges and spinal cord herniate through a spinal canal defect?
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myelomeningocele
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What are the markers of anencephaly?
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high AFP
polyhydramnios (no swallowing center in brain) |
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What diseases are associated with holoprosencephaly?
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Patau's (trisomy 13)
severe fetal alcohol syndrome cleft lip/palate |
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What is Dandy Walker?
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large posterior fossa
no cerebellar vermis cystic enlargement of 4th ventricle - can lead to hydrocephalus and spinal bifida |
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What does syringomyelia typically occur?
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C8-T1
upper extremity - low reflex lower extremity - high reflex |
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Where do the different parts of the branchial apparatus arise from?
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clefts = ectoderm
arches = mesoderm and NCC pouches = endoderm CAP |
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What are the cartilage and muscle derivatives of branchial arch 1?
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cartilage: mandible, malleus, mandibular-spheno ligament, incus
muscles: muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, ant belly of digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palitini, anterior 2/3 of tongue |
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What nerves are associated with the branchial arches?
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1 - CN V2, V3
2 - CN 7 3 - CN 9 4 - CN 10 (sup laryngeal branch - swallowing) 6 - CN 10 (recurrent laryngeal branch - speaking) |
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What are the cartilage and muscle derivatives of branchial arch 2?
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cartilage - stapes, styloid, stylohyoid ligaments, lesser horn of hyoid
muscle - muscles of facial expression, stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric |
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What are the cartilage and muscle derivatives of branchial arch 3?
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cartilage - greater horn of hyoid
muscle - stylopharyngeus |
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What arches form the tongue?
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anterior 2/3 - arch 1
posterior 1/3 - arches 3 and 4 |
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What are the cartilage and muscle derivatives of branchial arch 4 and 6?
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cartilage : thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids, corniculate, coneiform
muscles : 4th - pharyngeal constrictors, cricothyroid, levator veli palatini 6th - all intrinsic larynx muscles except cricothyroid |
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The incus is from what branchial arch?
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1
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The mylohyoid is from what branchial arch?
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1
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The mandible is from what branchial arch?
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1
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The stapes is from what branchial arch?
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2
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The lesser horn of hyoid is from what branchial arch?
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2
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The posterior belly of digastric is from what branchial arch?
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2
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The stylopharyngeus is from what branchial arch?
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3
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The greater horn of hyoid is from what branchial arch?
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3
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The levator veli palatini is from what branchial arch?
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4
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The cricoid cartilage is from what branchial arch?
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4
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What does branchial cleft 1 develop into?
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ext auditory meatus
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What creates temporary cervical sinuses?
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Branchial clefts 2-4
if persistent, leads to branchial cleft cyst in lateral neck |
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What creates the epithelial lining of palatine tonsils?
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branchial pouch 2
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What does the first branchial pouch develop into?
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middle ear cavity
eustachian tube mastoid air cells tympanic membrane |
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What does branchial pouch 3 develop into?
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inferior parathyroid glands
thymus |
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What do the superior parathyroids develop from?
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branchial pouch 4
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What CN control tongue taste?
pain motor |
taste 7, 9, 10
pain V3, 9, 10 motor 12 |
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a midline cyst on the neck is most likely...
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thyroglossal duct cyst
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The diaphragm is derived from...
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Septum transversum - central tendon
pleuroperitoneal folds body wall dorsal mesentery of esophagus |
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What do the foregut, midgut and hindgut develop into?
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foregut - pharynx to duo
midgut - duo to transverse colon hindcut- transverse colon to rectum |
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What happens when the abdominal wall fails to have:
rostral fold closure lateral caudal |
rostral - sternal defects
lateral - omphalocele (w/ peritoneum), gastroschisis (guts hanging out w/o peritoneum) caudal - bladder exstrophy |
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What happens to the abdominal cavity at week 6 and week 10?
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week 6 - midgut herniates through umbilical ring
week 10 - guts return to abd cavity and rotate around SMA |
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What is the cause of a palpable olive in the epigastric area?
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congenital pyloric stenosis
(usu in first born male) |
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How does the pancreas develop?
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Ventral bud - becomes head, uncinate and pancreatic duct
dorsal bud - becomes everything else |
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What's an annular pancreas?
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abnormal VENTRAL bud migration - encircles 2nd part of duodenum
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What is a pancreas divisum?
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ventral and dorsal parts fail to fuse at 8 weeks
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How does kidney develop?
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pronephros
mesonephros - temporary kidney, later contributes to male genital sys metanephros - mesonephros contributes ureteric bud (the collecting system) - metanephric mesenchyme - ureteric bud helps differentiate this into glomerulus and tubules |
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Describe Potter's syndrome
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bilat renal agenesis - oligohydramnios - limb/facial deform, pulm hypoplasia
cuz of ureteric bud problems |
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What does the wolffian duct develop into?
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seminal vesicle
epididymis ejaculatory duct ductus deferens SEED |
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What does the genial tubercle develop into?
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male - penis, corpus cavernosum and spongiosum
female - clitoris, vestibular bulbs |
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What do the urogenital folds develop into?
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male - penile urethra
female - labia minora |
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What do the urogenital sinuses develop into?
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male - bulbourethral glands, prostate
female - Bartholin and Skene glands, also lower 2/3 of vagina |
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What fails to fuse in hypospadia and epispadia?
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hypospadia - urethral folds
epispadia - faulty positioning of genital tubercle |
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What develops with processes vaginalis lesions?
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hydrocele (connection b/w abd cavity and scrotum)
varicocele (dilated pampiniform plexus) indirect inguinal hernia |
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How are the aorta and pulmonary trunk made?
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NCC
if don't migrate properly, get Tetralogy of Fallot, Truncus Arteriosus or Transposition of Great Vessels |
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MCC of SI/colonic atresia?
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vascular accident in utero
apple peel atresia- when mesentery is absent and bowel wraps around SMA |
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What are the possible causes of a high hCG?
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multiple gestation
hydratidiform mole choriocarcinoma Downs |
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What are the complications of uncontrolled maternal HTN?
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IUGR
placental abruption |
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What are the causes of polyhydramnios?
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atresia
anencephaly tracheoesophageal fistula |
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Downs syndrome markers
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high hCG
low AFP |