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131 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The epithelium of the gut and parenchyma of glands is from what tissue?
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endoderm
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The muscular walls of the digestive tract and connective tissues are from what tissue?
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mesoderm
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The (foregut, midgut, hindgut) is from the buccopharyngeal membrane to liver outgrowth
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foregut
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The (foregut, midgut, hindgut) is from the liver outgrowth to junction of R 2/3 and L 1/3 transverse colon
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midgut
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The (foregut, midgut, hindgut) is from the junction of R 2/3 and L 1/3 transverse colon to cloacal membrane
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hindgut
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What supplies blood to the foregut (below the diaphragm)?
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celiac artery
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What supplies blood to the midgut?
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superior mesenteric
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What supplies blood to the hindgut?
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interior mesenteric
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The pharynx comes from (foregut, midgut, hindgut)?
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foregut
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The respiratory comes from (foregut, midgut, hindgut)?
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foregut
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The esophogus comes from (foregut, midgut, hindgut)?
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foregut
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The stomach comes from (foregut, midgut, hindgut)?
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foregut
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The proximal half of duodenum comes from (foregut, midgut, hindgut)?
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foregut
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The liver comes from (foregut, midgut, hindgut)?
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foregut
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The biliary apparatus and pancreas comes from (foregut, midgut, hindgut)?
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foregut
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The distal half of duodenum comes from (foregut, midgut, hindgut)?
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midgut
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The jejunum comes from (foregut, midgut, hindgut)?
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midgut
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The ileum comes from (foregut, midgut, hindgut)?
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midgut
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The yolk sac comes from (foregut, midgut, hindgut)?
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midgut
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The cecum and veriform appendix comes from (foregut, midgut, hindgut)?
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midgut
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The ascending colon comes from (foregut, midgut, hindgut)?
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midgut
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The proximal 2/3 of transverse colon comes from (foregut, midgut, hindgut)?
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midgut
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The distal 1/3 of transverse colon comes from (foregut, midgut, hindgut)?
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hindgut
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The descending colon comes from (foregut, midgut, hindgut)?
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hindgut
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The sigmoid colon comes from (foregut, midgut, hindgut)?
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hindgut
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The rectum comes from (foregut, midgut, hindgut)?
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hindgut
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The cranial (proximal) 2/3 of anal canal comes from (foregut, midgut, hindgut)?
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hindgut
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The epithelium of urinary bladder comes from (foregut, midgut, hindgut)?
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hindgut
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The urethra comes from (foregut, midgut, hindgut)?
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hindgut
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The gut tube extends from what 2 membranes?
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oropharyngeal, cloacal
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The gut tube is lined with what tissue?
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endoderm
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The endoderm lining the gut tube is from what structure?
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yolk sac
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The dorsal and ventral mesentary come from what tissue?
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splanchnic mesoderm
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What type of cells form the ANS that innervate smooth musles of digestive organs?
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neural crest
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Embyonic folding takes place during what week of development?
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4th
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Cephalic folding forms the (fore, mid, hindgut) and caudal folding forms (fore, mid, hindgut)
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foregut, hindgut
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Lateral folding forms the (fore, mid, hindgut)
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midgut
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Forgut seperated into esophogus and trachea by what?
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tracheoesophogeal folds
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What will happen if the tracheoesophogeal septum is deviated posteriorly?
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esophogeal atresia
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Maternal polyhydramnios is a symptom of (esophogeal atresia, tracheoesophogeal fistula)
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EA
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absense of stomach gas on ultrasound is a symptom of (esophogeal atresia, tracheoesophogeal fistula)
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EA
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copious, fine white frothy bubble of mucus in nose and mouth is a symptom of (esophogeal atresia, tracheoesophogeal fistula)
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EA
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coughing and choking is a symptom of (esophogeal atresia, tracheoesophogeal fistula)
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TEF
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abdominal distention may occur secondary to collection of air in stomach is a symptom of (esophogeal atresia, tracheoesophogeal fistula)
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TEF
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What is the name for narrowing of esophogeal lumen?
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esophogeal stenosis
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Esophogeal stenosis is most common in what area of the esophogus?
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distal 1/3
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How does esophogeal stenosis usually happen?
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incomplete esopaogeal recanalization
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Other than incomplete esophageal recanalization, what's another way that esophageal stenosis can happen?
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vascular abnormalities in the area
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True or false, the distal part of the stomach grows faster than the ventral part
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True.
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The stomach rotates ??degrees (clockwise, counterclockwise)
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90, clockwise
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In stomach rotation, the cranial region moves (left, right) and (inferior, superior)
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left, inferior
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In stomach rotation, the caudal region moves (left, right) and (inferior, superior)
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right, superior
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The lining of the stomach is from what tissue layer?
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endoderm
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Other than the lining of the stomach, what do all other layers come from?
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visceral mesoderm
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What is the congenital defect in which the opening of the pylorus is too narrow?
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pyloric stenosis
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Children with pyloric stenosis usually manifest as what in the first 1-2 weeks?
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forceful, projectile vomiting
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Cavities develop in the dorsal mesogastrium which coalesce to form single cavity called what?
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omental bursa (or lesser peritoneal sac)
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Rotation of stomach pulls dorsal mesogastrium to the (left, right), which (enlarges, shinks) the bursa
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left, enlarge
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The omental bursa expands in what two planes?
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transversely, cranially
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The dorsal mesogastrium elongates and forms what? (hint: overhangs intestines)
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greater omentum
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The liver and biliary apparatus develop as diverticulum from what tissue?
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endoderm
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An endodermal diverticulum evaginates into the ___ between the ___ and midgut which becomes the liver and biliary apparatus
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ventral mesentery, foregut
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The diverticulum that will eventually make the liver and biliary apparatus grows towards what structure?
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septum transversum
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Another name for the endodermal diverticulum that ends up making the liver is called
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hepatic diverticulum
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Endodermal cells of hepatic diverticulum form cords of what cell type?
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hepatocytes
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Endodermal cells of hepatic diverticulum create cords of hepatocytes as well as bile ___
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canaliculi
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During the 5th to 24th week, what serves as the major hematoopiesis site in the body?
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liver
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What is hematopoiesis?
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Formation of blood cellular components
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What system develops simultaniously from the endodermal diverticulum?
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bile duct
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The pancreas is formed from __ buds (#)
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2
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What are the names for the two pancreatic buds?
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ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior) pancreatic bud
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Which of the two pancreatic buds forms from the foregut?
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dorsal (posterior)
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Which of the two pancreatic buds forms from the liver diverticulum?
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ventral (anterior)
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The main pancreatic duct forms from the (ventral, dorsal) pancreatic bud.
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ventral
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The uncinate process forms from the (ventral, dorsal) pancreatic bud.
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ventral
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The inferior portion of the head of pancreas forms from the (ventral, dorsal) pancreatic bud.
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ventral
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The superior portion of the head of pancreas forms from the (ventral, dorsal) pancreatic bud.
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dorsal
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The body and tail of pancreas forms from the (ventral, dorsal) pancreatic bud.
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dorsal
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The accessory pancreatic duct forms from the (ventral, dorsal) pancreatic bud.
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dorsal
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Pancreatic cells (including islets of Langerhans) form from what type of tissue?
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endoderm
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Connective tissues and associated smooth muscle (of pancreas) come from what type of tissue?
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splanchnic mesoderm
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Why is the part of the duodenum proximal to the opening of the bile duct considered foregut derivative?
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because it's supplied by the celiac artery
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The midgut is supplied by what artery?
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superior mesenteric
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What is the "axis" that the midgut rotates around?
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superior mesenteric artery
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The vitelline duct connects what two structures?
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midgut and yolk sac
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The midgut is connected to the yolk sac via what structure?
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the vitelline duct
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The portion of the midgut proximal to the SM artery is the ___ loop and the portion distal is the ___ loop
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cranial, caudal
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The distal duodenum develops from the most (cranial, caudal) portion of the midgut
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cranial
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Junction of upper and lower duodenum is just past the opening of what structure?
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common bile duct
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The gallbladder and cystic duct arise from what structure?
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bile duct
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What is the difference between stenosis and atresia?
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stenosis is incomplete recanalization, atresia is NO recanalization
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Duodenal (stenosis, atresia) is assocated with recurrent vomiting, gastroesophogeal reflux, and peptic ulceration
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stenosis
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Duodenal (stenosis, atresia) is assocated with maternal polyhydramnios, bile containing vomutis, distended stomach
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atresia
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The (cranial, caudal) portion of the midgut forms the jejunum and proximal ileum
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cranial (just think about what would have to come first in the midgut)
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Why does the midgut herniate into the umbilical cord during the 6th week of development?
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because the liver occupies most of the space in the upper abdominal cavity
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At what point does the midgut, that herniated at week 6, come back into the abdominal caivty?
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10th week
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As the midgut comes back into the abomen at week 10, it rotates ???degrees in a (clockwise, counterclockwise) manner
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180, counterclockwise
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The total midgut rotation is ??? Degrees
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270
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The (ventral, dorsal) mesentery becomes fixed on the posterior abdominal wall. What purpose does this serve?
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dorsal; stability to folds of the gut and associated organs
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The caudal loop of the midgut forms everything except what two structures?
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jejunum and proximal ileum
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In the midgut, surface absorptive cells, goblet cells, paneth cells and enteroendocrine cells are derived from what tissue?
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endoderm
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What is an omphalocoel?
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failure of midgut loop to return to abdominal cavity. Intestines are stuck in umbilical cord and require surgery to remove
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What is an Ileal (Michel's) diverticulum?
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a diverticulum of the ileum a short distance form junction with cecum which results from incompletely obliterated yolk sac. Sometimes attached to umbilicus
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What is gastroschisis?
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a defect of the abdominal wall near the umbilicus because of failure of the lateral wall foldings to fuse properly, allowing protrusion of the viscera.
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In nonrotation of the midgut, the midgut only rotates ??? Degrees.
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90
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Nonrotation of the midgut puts the small intestine on the (right, left) and the large intestine on the (right, left)
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right, left
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Malrotation results from partial (clockwise, counter clockwise) rotation resulting in cecum and ____ lying in the upper part of abdominal cavity
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counter clockwise, appendix
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Malrotation implies abnormal _____ attachment
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mesenteric
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True or False, in Malrotation, the bowels can move more freely
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True.
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What is volvulus and why is it bad?
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The bowel gets twisted up. This can cause bowel necrosis.
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The hindgut is supplied by what artery?
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Inferior mesenteric
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The hindgut includes the intestines starting at the distal 1/3 of ___ and ending at the anal canal
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distal 1/3 of transverse colon
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The (proximal, distal) part of the hindgut gives rise to the distal 1/3 of transverse colon, the ___ colon, and everything inbetween
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proximal, sigmoid
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The terminal part of the hundgut is an endodermally lined sac called the what?
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cloaca
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Of the three tissue layers, which 2 ONLY make up the cloacal membrane?
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endoderm and ectoderm
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As hundgut undergoes differentiation, the cloaca divides into two portions, and anterior called ___ and posterior called ___
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urogenital sinus, rectum and anus
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The cloacal membrane eventually divides into two membranes called what?
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urogenital membrane, anal membrane
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The upper 2/3 of anal canal is (endoderm, ectoderm) and distal 1/3 is (endoderm, ectoderm)
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endoderm, ectoderm
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What is the name of the line that demarcates the endoderm and ectoderm parts of the anal canal?
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pectinate line
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What is the name for when the division of the cloacal membrane is incomplete and the anal membrane stays intact?
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imperforate anus
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What is the name of the disease where there is abnormal migration of neural crest into intestines?
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Hirschprung's disease
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Whats another name for Hirschprung's disease?
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aganglionic megacolon
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What is the physical symptom of Hirschprungs?
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No peristalsis in distal colon because neural crest (ANS) did not get there
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What connects the digestive tube to the posterior abdominal wall?
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dorsal mesentery
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The greater omentum contains the ___, gastrosplenic, and ___, ligaments
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gastrorenal, splenorenal
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What organ develops within the dorsal mesentery?
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spleen
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The dorsal mesentery forms from what tissue?
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mesoderm
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The ventral mesentary attaches the (lesser, greater) omentum and (upper, lower) duodenum to the (anterior, posterior) abdominal wall
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lesser, upper, anterior
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True or False, the dorsal mesentary forms the falciform ligament
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False, ventral mesentary
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What two arteries supply the foregut above the diaphragm? Which one supplies it below?
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branches of aortic arches, branches from descending thoracic aorta; celiac artery
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Both the superior and inferior mesenteric artery come from what major artery?
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abdominal aorta
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