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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are symptoms of pregnancy?
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1) nausea, 2) vomiting
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What are some reasons why loss of vaginal blood might not always be a sign of pregnancy?
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1) slight loss of blood from the implantation site of the blastocyst
2) leakage of the blood into the uterus from the disrupted lacunar networks in the implanted blastocyst |
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What is the result of vaginal bleeding not caused by menstruation?
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If vaginal bleeding occurs during pregnancy, then this may be mistaken for a light period, resulting in the expected due date to be off
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What does gastrulation literally translate to in Greek?
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belly
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What is the formation of gut, or the formation of the trilaminar embryo
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gastrulation
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What tissues derive from the embryonic ECTOderm layer?
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1) CNS/PNS
2) epidermis 3) inner ear 4) eye 5) CT of the head 6) neural crest |
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What tissues derive from the embryonic ENDOderm layer?
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1) epithelial linings of respiratory and digestive tracts
2) pancreas |
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What tissues derive from the embryonic MESOderm?
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1) skeletal muscle
2) blood cells 3) smooth muscle 4) cardiovascular system 5) bones and cartilage 6) internal organs |
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What is the region of cell migration from the epiblast layer forming sequentially the two germ cell layers (endoderm and mesoderm)?
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primitive streak
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How does the primitive streak form?
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the primitive streak results from proliferation and movement of cells of the epiblast
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What is the region in the middle of the early embryonic disc epiblast from which the primitive streak extends caudally (tail)?
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primitive node
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What role do nodal cilia play in axis direction?
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Nodal cilia establish the embryo left/right axis
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What extends from the nodal epiblast?
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axial process
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What does the phrase "epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)" refer to?
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this is when epithelial cells lose their organization and migrate/proliferate as mesenchymal cells
-they go from organized cellular layer to disorganized cellular layer |
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What is considered an organized cellular layer? disorganized?
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epithelial cells; mesenchymal cells
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What gives rise to all three germ layers in the embryo, the primordia of all its tissues and organs?
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cells of the epiblast, through the process of gastrulation
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What roles does the notochord have?
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1) an early mechanical role in embryonic disc folding
2) a major signaling role in patterning surrounding embryonic tissue development |
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Which different tissues are patterned by the notochord's signaling role?
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1) neural plate
2) neural tube 3) somites 4) endodermal organs |
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Name some unique features of the notochord.
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1) it has its own sequence of development from a primitive axial process
2) it is a developmental feature not present in the adult anatomy |
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An initial epiblast hollow epithelial tube which extends in the midline from the primitive pit, and cranially in the embryonic disc (toward the oral membrane)
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axial process
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What embryonic structure is a transient communication between the amniotic cavity and the yolk sac cavity formed by the axial process?
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neuroenteric canal
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What structure allows communication between the amniotic cavity and the yolk sac cavity?
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neuroenteric canal
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What forms the neuroenteric canal?
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axial process
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What structure forms from the axial process merging with the endoderm layer?
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the notochordal plate
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What forms from the notochordal plate which then separates back into the mesoderm layer as a solid column of cells lying in the midline of the embryonic disc and running rostro-caudally (head to tail)?
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the Notochord
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Which way does the notochord run?
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Rostro-caudally (from head to tail)
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From where does the notochord form?
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the notochordal plate
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