Embryology Ch. 8

Front 1

The superior end of the cardiac tube will develop into the:

Back 1

Bulbus cordis

Front 2

Which of the cardiac defects listed above derives from abnormal growth of the endocardial cushions?

Back 2

Ostium primum atrial septal defect (ASD) with cleft mitral valve

Front 3

Which of the cardiac defects listed above derives from abnormal septation of the truncus arteriosus?

Back 3

Transposition of the great arteries (TGA)

Front 4

Which of the cardiac defects listed above derives from persistence of a normal fetal structure?

Back 4

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Front 5

Which of the cardiac defects listed above is most likey to present with cyanosis in the neonatal period (first week of life)?

Back 5

Transposition of the great arteries (TGA)

Front 6

A child presents with harsh systolic ejection murmur over the cardiac apex and no cyanosis

Back 6

Membraneous ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Front 7

A child presents with a systolic heart murmur heard at the upper left sternal border and in the back to the left of the thoracic spine. Chest X-ray/electrocardiogram shows right ventricular enlargement and decreased density of the lung fields, suggesting decreased blood flow to the lungs.

Back 7

Pulmonary artery stenosis

Front 8

A child presents with blue-gray lips and skin; arterial blood gases show a decreased partial oxygen tension (PAO2) of 65.

Back 8

Transposition of the great arteries (TGA)

Front 9

A child presents with increased pulmonary blood flow and a "notched" aortic shadow on ches X-ray; the pulses are bounding in the upper extremities but decreased in the lower extremities

Back 9

Coarctation of the aorta

Front 10

A child presents with loud systolic heart murmur and palpable thrill over the precordium. The child is not cyanotic, but chest X-ray reveals increased pulmonary blood flow with fluid in the bases of the lungs. The main axis of the electrocardiogram, normally oriented leftward and inferior along the apex of the heart, is shifted strongly to the right. This right axis deviation suggests that the route of the conduction system from the artial septum along the atrioventricular node to the ventricles may have been interrupted.

Back 10

Atrioventricular septal defect

Front 11

A child is born with duodenal atresia and a heart murmur. He is hypotonic and has an unusual facial appearance with upward slanting palpebral fissues, anterverted nares, Brushfield spots, and flattened occiput. Which of the cardiac lesions above is most likely?

Back 11

Atrioventricular septal defect

Front 12

A child is born with a heart murmur and high blood pressure. She has a small jaw, low blood calcium, and has had seven upper respiratory infections in her first 3 months with failure to thrive. Which of the cardiac lesions above is most likely?

Back 12

Coarctation of the aorta

Front 13

A child has an "elfin" facial appearance with high blood calcium, loquacious personality, and learning disability. Which of the cardiac lesions above is most likely?

Back 13

Aortic stenosis (AS)

Front 14

A child has congenital heart disease with cyanotic spells, palatal dyscoordination with abnormal swallowing and speech, and a documented chromosome 22 deletion by cytogenetic analysis. Which of the cardiac lesions above is most likely?

Back 14

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)

Front 15

A newborn female has puffy feet with apparent collections of fluid on their dorsal surfaces. She also has extra skin folds on her neck and a broad appearing chest. Which of cardiac lesions above is most likely?

Back 15

Coarctation of the aorta

Front 16

An infant presents with poor feeding, irritability, increased sweating while feeding and sleeping, and poor weight gain (failure to thrive). On examination, there is tachypnea and a loud systolic heart murmur (grade 3/6). The child also has subtle anomalies including a broad nasal root, narrow palpebral fissures, abnormal external ears, and a small jaw. Though not cyanotic, the child does swallow poorly, regurgitating formula through the nose and out the sides of the mouth. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the physical findings?

Back 16

Ventricular septal defect

Front 17

A child with tetralogy of Fallot, feeding problems, and an abnormal face with prominent nose, malformed ears, and small jaw suffers from recurrent pneumonia and multiple viral infections. Review of the neonatal chest X-ray reveals that there was no thymus. Which of the following laboratory studies are indicated?

Back 17

Karyotype with FISH to determine whether chromosome 22 is partially deleted.

Front 18

The cardiovascular system derives from:

Back 18

Lateral plate mesoderm

Front 19

The head fold places the heart:

Back 19

Ventral to the foregut, caudal to the oropharyngeal membrane

Front 20

Blood flow through the primitive heart is best described as:

Back 20

Cardinal vein to sinus venosus to heart to truncus arteriosus to aortic arches and aorta.

Front 21

The endocardial cushions fuse to divide the atrioventricular canal into:

Back 21

Right and left portions

Front 22

The gap between the septum secundum and endocardial cusions is the:

Back 22

Foramen ovale

Front 23

The bulbar and truncal ridges grow to separate the:

Back 23

Aorta and pulmonary trunk

Front 24

The arch of the aorta is formed from the:

Back 24

Left fourth aortic arch

Front 25

A portion of the sixth aortic arch contributes to the:

Back 25

Ductus arteriosus

Front 26

An infant presents with poor feeding, irritablilty, increased sweating while feeding and sleeping, and poor weight gain (failure to thrive). On examination there is tachypnea and a loud systolic heart murmur (grade 3/6) The child also has subtle anomalies inculding a broad nasal root, narrow palpebral fissures, abnormal external ears, and a small jaw. Though not cyanotic, the child does swallow poorly, regurgating formula through the nose and out of the sides of the mouth. What is the most likely explanation of the physical findings:

Back 26

ventricular septal defect

Front 27

A child with tetralogy of fallot, feeding problems, and an abnormal face with prominent nose, malformed ears, and a small jaw suffers from recurrent pneumonia and multiple viral infections. Review of the neonatal chest x-ray reveals that there was no thymus. Which of the following labratory studies are indicated:

Back 27

Karyotype with FISH to detirmine whether choromosome 22 is partially deleted.

Front 28

The cardiovascular system derives from:

Back 28

Lateral plate mesoderm

Front 29

The head fold places the heart:

Back 29

Ventral to the foregut, caudal to the oropharyngeal membrane.

Front 30

Blood flow through the primitive heart is best described as:

Back 30

cardinal vein to the sinus venosus to heart to truncus arteriosus to aortic arches and aorta

Front 31

The endocardial cushions fuse to divide the atrioventricular canal into:

Back 31

right and left portions

Front 32

The gap between the septum secundum and endocardial cushions is the:

Back 32

foramen ovale

Front 33

The bulbar and truncal ridges grow to seperate the:

Back 33

aorta and pulmonary trunk

Front 34

The arch of the aorta is formed from the:

Back 34

left fourth aortic arch

Front 35

A portion of the sixth aortic arch contributes to the:

Back 35

ductus arteriosus