Embryology Block 2

Front 1

Diversification of Mesoderm

Back 1

-First to diversify into different tissues
-Induces and diversifies ectoderm and endoderm
-Contributes connective tissue, vasculature and smooth muscle to many ectodermal and endodermal organs

Front 2

somite segmentation

Back 2

The process of paraxial mesoderm dividing into blocks

Front 3

somites will give rise to?

Back 3

-dermis of the back
-skeletal muscle of the head, trunk and limbs
-the vertebrae
-ribs

Front 4

Intermediate mesoderm gives rise to?

Back 4

-Parts of urogenital tract
=Uterus
= Fallopian tubes
= ureters
-Kidneys
-somatic gonad
-adrenal cortex

Front 5

parts of the mesoderm lateral plate?
Which is ventral/Dorsal?

Back 5

Somatic mesoderm --> Dorsal
Splanchnic mesoderm --> Ventral

Front 6

Somatic mesoderm gives rise to?

Back 6

1) body wall
2) bones and connective tissue of appendicular skeleton (limbs)

Front 7

Splanchnic mesoderm gives rise to?

Back 7

1) mesenteries
2) mesothelium (peritoneum)
3) blood vessels
4) blood
5) heart

Front 8

the prechordal plate and notochord are what type of mesoderm? (location)

Back 8

axial mesoderm

Front 9

cardiogenic mesoderm

Back 9

This anterior crescent of lateral plate mesoderm

Front 10

How is the cardiogenic mesoderm brought into the normal position of the adult heart?

Back 10

the head fold and lateral folds.

Front 11

hematopoietic stem cell

Back 11

can
1) self-renew
2) generate blood cells (or more precisely, blood cell progenitor cells

Front 12

Primitive Hematopoietic Stem Cells Arise where?

Back 12

Yolk sac mesoderm

Front 13

Primitive hematopoiesis
-cells arise where?
-types of cells generated
-migrate where in adult?

Back 13

-arise from yolk sac mesoderm
-RBC, macrophage, microglia (brain)
-Migrate to fetal liver but do not persist in adult

Front 14

Definitive hematopoiesis
-cells arise where?
-types of cells generated
-migrate where in adult?

Back 14

-arise from dorsal aorta endothelium & placental endothelium
-generate full array of blood cell types (myeloid & lymphoid)
-Migrate to fetal liver and then to bone marrow and persist here in adult

Front 15

Definitive Hematopoietic Stem Cells Arise from?

Back 15

Endothelium of the Dorsal Aorta and Placenta

Front 16

Definitive Hematopoietic Stem Cells Arise
from

Back 16

Endothelium of Dorsal Aorta and Placenta

Front 17

Blood flow out of the heart (outflow tract) goes through what 4 structures in order?

Back 17

1) Branchial (pharyngeal) arches
2) Dorsal aorta
3) Viteline artery
4) umbilical artery

Front 18

Blood flows into the fetal heart through?

Back 18

the two common cardinal veins
-The common cardinal veins connect to the anterior and posterior cardinal veins (left and right) which run the length of the embryo.

Front 19

What supplies the yolk sac with blood?

Back 19

Vitelline arteries/veins

Front 20

2 major functions of yolk sac in embryo/fetus?

Back 20

1) the interface with the maternal serum
2) major source of blood cells during embryonic stages (hematopoesis)

Front 21

The umbilical arteries and veins connect to ?

Back 21

capillary beds in the villi of the chorion (chorionic villi).

Front 22

What structures participate in gas exchange in the fetus/maternal?

Back 22

The embryonic vasculature of the chorion participates in gas exchange with the maternal circulation in the placenta.

Front 23

Placenta
-derived from
-final layers

Back 23

-derived from blastocysts trophoblasts
-Cytotrophoblasts and outer syncytiotrophoblasts

Front 24

maternal placenta

Back 24

Decidua basalis), which develops from the maternal uterine tissue

Front 25

fetal placenta

Back 25

(Chorion frondosum) develops from the fetus

Front 26

chorion
-layers
-function
-relation to placenta?

Back 26

-The fetal part of the placenta is known as the chorion
-placental membrane separates maternal blood from fetal blood.
-layers
internal --> somatic mesoderm
external --> trophoblast (cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast)

Front 27

Decidua basalis

Back 27

1 of 3 regions of the decidua, Region between the blastocyst and the myometrium

Front 28

What brings oxygenated blood from the placenta to the embryo

Back 28

umbilical veins

Front 29

What brings newly formed blood cells and metabolites from the yolk sac to the embryo

Back 29

Vitelline veins

Front 30

Blood returns to the fetal heart through which vessels?

Back 30

1) umbilical
2) vitelline
3) ant/post cardinal veins

Front 31

Which veins in the fetal circulatory system returns oxygenated blood?

Back 31

1) vitelline vein (yolk sac)
2) umbilical vein

Front 32

What are the 3 vascular circuits in the fetus?

Back 32

1) embryo
2) yolk sac
3) placenta

Front 33

The anterior and posterior cardinals veins are analagous/parallel to what artery?

Back 33

Dorsal aorta

Front 34

Many of the paired major vessels
reduce to a single asymmetric vessel
in the fetus except?

Back 34

Umbilical arteries remain paired
(Umbilical veins resolve to one)