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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where do primordial germ cells first arise?
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In the posterior region of the secondary yolk sac in the 3rd week.
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Where do the primordial germ cells migrate to?
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To the primordial gonads.
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What is the corona radiata?
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A loose collection of follicle cells that immediately surround the oocyte.
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What is the corpus luteum?
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The empty follicle that releases progesterone until hormones are secreted by the placenta
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When is usually the first cleavage of the zygote?
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16-18 hours
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What membrane surrounds the primary yolk sac?
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The Heuser's membrane, derivative of hypoblasts.
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When does the syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast begin to form?
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Day 9
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When does the secondary villus begin to form?
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Day 16
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What is decidua?
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the endometrium
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What is the chorion leave?
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Smooth chorion after the tertiary villus are disintegrated in result of being compressed against the decidua capsularis.
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What is a symptom of a hyaditiform mole?
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Abnormally high levels of hCG.
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GTT's are detected by what?
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Abnormally high levels of hCG.
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Heuser's membrane forms from what tissue?
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hypoblasts and branches out on the inside of the cytotrophoblast
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Extraembryonic mesoderm forms from what tissue?
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epiblasts and forms around the extraembryonic reticulum. Or it's form the delamination of hypoblasts.
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When does the amnion begin to form?
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8 days
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How much amniotic fluid is there at birth?
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.5-1L
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How often is amniotic fluid circulated?
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every 3 hours it is replaced.
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What is the bulbus cordis?
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Early developmental outflow tract.
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When is the morula formed?
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4 days
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When is the blastocyte formed?
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5 days
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What are the remnants of the primary yolk sac called?
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extracoelomic cysts
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Ectoderm results in what organs?
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Skin and CNS.
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Endoderm ends up as what?
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Lung and gut.
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Mesoderm ends up as what?
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Muscle, bone, renal and reproductive system.
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What are the three specializations of the mesoderm and their correlating organs?
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somites -> vertebrae and muscle, IM to kidney and Reprod. System;
LPM to membrane linings of thorax and abdomen.) |
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What is the maturation process of the notochord?
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notochordal process, notochoral plate, notochord
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What does the myotome evolve into?
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epimere and hypomere.
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What vessels is the umbilical cord composed of?
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two arteries and one vein.
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What is the maternal contribution to the placenta? What is the fetal contribution to the placenta?
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The decidua basalis and cytotrophoblast (basal plate). The chorionic plate.
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Where does the embryo usually implant in the uterus?
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Either posteriorly or anteriorly.
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What is the major shift in hormone production in the 11th week?
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The placenta (synctiotrophoblast) takes over the production of estrogen and progesterone from the corpus luteum.
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What are the forms of GTTs?
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Gestational trophoblastic tumors. Either hyatidiform moles or choriocarcinomas.
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What is the composition of amniotic fluid?
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Water, fetal epithelial cells, and proteins.
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High alpha fetoprotein indicates what? Low alpha fetoprotein indicates what?
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neural tube defect and trisomy 21.
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What is olighydramnios?
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Low amount of amniotic fluid -400cc's
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What is polyhydramnios?
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Too much amniotic fluid.
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What is amniotic band syndrome?
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When a strip of amniotic membrane gets wrapped around a fetal structure and therefore contricting it and restricting its development.
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Monozygotic twinning is more occurent in which sex?
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The female sex
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What is Bateson's Rule?
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Twins will be mirror images of each other.
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When do the eyes open?
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26 weeks
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When is surfactant produced?
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24 weeks
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What is quickening?
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Early fetal movements that can be felt by the mother around 20 weeks.
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What is a mature sperm called?
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spermatazoa
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How many primary oocytes do women initially have? How many are actually ovulated?
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40,000; 800
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At what stage are primary oocytes stopped at?
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At the meiotic division prophase 1
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What needs to happen to the egg in order for the egg to attach to the uterus and when does this happen?
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The egg needs to hatch from the zona pellucida and this happens when the egg becomes a blastocyst.
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When does the amniotic cavity begin to form?
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8 days
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When is the definitive yolk sac formed?
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around 12 days
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What are the remnants of the primary yolk sac called and where are these found?
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exocoloemic cysts at the abembryonic pole
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What should be formed by the end of 2 weeks?
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amniotic cavity, definitive yolk sac, chorionic cavity.
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When does the formation of the primary villus usually happen? When does the formation of the tertiary villus usually happen?
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Day 11; Day 21
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Somites develop into what future structures?
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vertebrae and muscle
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Medial mesoderm develop into?
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kidneys and reproductive system
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Lateral Plate mesoderm develop into?
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lining to the thorax and abdomen
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What special about the first 7 somitomeres?
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There never develop into full fledged somites.
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Neural folding is usually when?
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21 days to 25 days
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What is anencephaly and how does it form?
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This is where the cranial neural pore does not close resulting in the absence in a major portion of the cranium.
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What is spina bifida?
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Open part of the spinal cord. This is due to the absence of closing of the caudal neural pore.
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Where do the neural crest cells form from?
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The edges of the neural folds.
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What do neural crest cells lead to?
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parts of the body such as glands, part of the ANS, and part of the heart.
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What causes a diaphragmmatic hernia?
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The failure of the left pleuroperitoneal membrane from forming.
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What is dextocardia?
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Heart forms on the opposite side.
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What is the dorsal mesentery?
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The mesoderm that connects the gut tube to the posterior body wall.
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Lateral folding of the thorax also leads to what structure?
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Fusion of the arterial tubes.
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Where do the primordial germ cells appear?
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They appear caudally in the yolk sac in the 3rd week.
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Where do the primordial germ cells originate from?
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The yolk sac.
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What part of the dermamyotome do the sclerotomes come out of ?
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ventral medial
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When does the decidua capularis press up against the decidua parietalis and closes off the uterine cavity?
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4-5 months
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The cotyledons form on what part of the placenta?
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Decidua basalis
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How often is the placental blood circulated?
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4xs a minute
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How do you tell the difference between a complete and partial hyaditiform mole?
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complete has diffuse trophoblastic hyperplasia and villus edema while the latter has focal.
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What are possible developmental causes for polyhydramnios?
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anencephaly or esophageal atresia
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