Embryology

Front 1

implantation of blastocyst occurs within how long?

Back 1

one week

Front 2

within what week does the bilaminar disk form?

Back 2

week 2

Front 3

gastrulation, primitive streak, and neural plate begin to form within what week of gestation?

Back 3

week 4

Front 4

the embryo is extremely susceptible to teratogens during what span of weeks?

Back 4

weeks 3-8

Front 5

the neural tube is formed and organogenesis occurs during what weeks?

Back 5

weeks 3-8

Front 6

when does the heart begin to beat and the upper and lower limb buds begin to form?

Back 6

week 4

Front 7

by when do genitalia have male/female characteristics?

Back 7

week 10

Front 8

name the 2 germ layers present in week 2

Back 8

epiblast, hypoblast

Front 9

what 2 cavities are present in week 2?

Back 9

amniotic cavity, yolk sac

Front 10

what 2 components of the placenta are present during week 2?

Back 10

cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast

Front 11

what 3 germ layers are present in the third week and what stage is the embryo in?

Back 11

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm; gastrula

Front 12

the lens of the eye is derived from what germ layer?

Back 12

surface ectoderm

Front 13

what germ layer is the adenohypophysis derived from?

Back 13

surface ectoderm

Front 14

what germ layer is the neurohypophysis derived from?

Back 14

neuroectoderm (remember 'neuro')

Front 15

CNS neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes are derived from which germ layer?

Back 15

neuroectoderm

Front 16

what are the ANS, DRG, cranial nerves derived from?

Back 16

neural crest

Front 17

melanocytes and parafollicular (C) cells are derived from what?

Back 17

neural crest (C cells = Crest)

Front 18

dura mater, CT, bone, muscle, are all derived from what germ layer?

Back 18

mesoderm

Front 19

pia, arachnoid, and Schwann cells arise from what?

Back 19

neural crest

Front 20

lymph, blood, spleen, kidneys arise from what?

Back 20

mesoderm

Front 21

extraocular muscles are derived from what layer?

Back 21

mesoderm

Front 22

the dermis is derived from what layer?

Back 22

mesoderm

Front 23

lungs, liver, pancreas, thymus, parathyroid all arise from what?

Back 23

endoderm - gut tube epithelium and derivatives

Front 24

thyroid follicular cells arise from what layer?

Back 24

endoderm

Front 25

what is the postnatal derivative of the notochord?

Back 25

nucleus polposus of the intervertebral disk

Front 26

what is the role of the notochord?

Back 26

induces ectoderm to form neuroectoderm (neural plate)

Front 27

which is teratogenic: warfarin or heparin?

Back 27

warfarin - causes multiple anomalies

Front 28

exposure to ACE inhibitors in utero can have what effect on fetus?

Back 28

renal damage

Front 29

what is the role of the umbilical arteries?

Back 29

return DEoxygenated blood from fetal internal iliac arteries

Front 30

what is the role of the allantoic duct?

Back 30

removes nitrogenous waste (from fetal bladder, like a urethra)

Front 31

what does the truncus arteriosus give rise to?

Back 31

ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

Front 32

the smooth parts of left and right ventricle arise from what embryonic structure?

Back 32

bulbous cordis

Front 33

the trabeculated parts of the ventricles and atria arise from what?

Back 33

primitive ventricle and atria

Front 34

from what embryologic structure does the coronary sinus originate?

Back 34

left horn of sinus venosus

Front 35

the smooth part of the right atrium comes from what?

Back 35

right horn of sinus venosus

Front 36

what does the SVC arise from?

Back 36

right commmon cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein

Front 37

oxygenated blood reaching the heart via the IVC is diverted through ________ and pumped out the aorta to the head

Back 37

foramen ovale

Front 38

this structure provides a pulmonary-to-systemic shunt

Back 38

ductus arteriosus (deoxygenated blood from the SVC is expelled into the pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus o the lower body of the fetus)

Front 39

blood entering the fetus through the umbilical vein is conducted via what shunt into the IVC?

Back 39

ductus venosus

Front 40

what do you use to keep a patent PDA open?

Back 40

prostaglandins (3 P's)

Front 41

the umbilical vein becomes what structure postnatally?

Back 41

ligamentum teres hepatis

Front 42

the umbilical arteries become what structure postnatally?

Back 42

mediaL umbilical ligaments

Front 43

what is the postnatal correlate to the allantois?

Back 43

mediaN umbilical ligament

Front 44

what does the first aortic arch give rise to?

Back 44

part of the maxillary artery (1st is MAXimal)

Front 45

what does the second aortic arch give rise to?

Back 45

stapedial and hyoid artery (Second-Stapedial)

Front 46

the common carotid artery and proximal part of internal carotid are derived from which aortic arch?

Back 46

3rd (c is 3rd letter of alphabet)

Front 47

what structures does the 4th aortic arch give rise to?

Back 47

on left - aortic arch; on right - proximal part of subclavian artery

Front 48

what does the 6th aortic arch give rise to?

Back 48

proximal part of pulmonary arteries and (on left only) ductus arteriousus

Front 49

branchial arch 1 derivatives are supplied by what nerves?

Back 49

CN V2, V3 (1, 2, 3)

Front 50

branchial arch 2 derivatives are supplied by what nerve?

Back 50

CN VII (2 II's)

Front 51

CN IX supplies the derivatives of which branchial arch?

Back 51

arch 3

Front 52

branchial arches 4 and 6 are supplied by what nerve?

Back 52

CN X (4+6=10) (4th arch - superior laryngeal branch, 6th arch - recurrent laryngeal branch)

Front 53

all of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx are derived from the 6th branchial arch except what?

Back 53

cricothyroid

Front 54

which branchial arches form the posterior 1/3 of tongue?

Back 54

arches 3 and 4

Front 55

which branchial arch makes no developmental contributions?

Back 55

arch 5

Front 56

which nerves are responsible for taste?

Back 56

solitary nucleus - CN VII, IX, X

Front 57

tongue sensation is supplied by which nerves?

Back 57

CN V3, IX, X

Front 58

motor innervation to the tongue comes from which nerve?

Back 58

CN XII

Front 59

what does the first branchial cleft develop into?

Back 59

external auditory meatus

Front 60

what do the 2nd through 4th branchial clefts form and then what happens to them?

Back 60

they form temporary cervical sinues but are obliterated by proliferation of 2nd arch mesnchyme

Front 61

what can a persistent cervical sinus lead to?

Back 61

a branchial cyst in the neck

Front 62

the 1st branchial pouch develops into what?

Back 62

endoderm-lined ear structures - middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, mastoid air cells

Front 63

which branchial pouch does the epithelial lining of the palatine tonsil derive from?

Back 63

2nd pouch

Front 64

the inferior parathyroids develop from which branchial pouch?

Back 64

3rd pouch (dorsal wings) - 3 is inferior to 4

Front 65

the ventral wings of the 3rd pouch develop into what structure?

Back 65

thymus

Front 66

which branchial pouch do the superior parathyroids develop from?

Back 66

4th pouch

Front 67

aberrant development of 3rd and 4th pouches results in what syndrome?

Back 67

DiGeorge's - leads to T-cell deficiency (thymic aplasia) and hypocalcemia (failure of parathyroid development)

Front 68

what is the most common site for ectopic thyroid tissue?

Back 68

tongue

Front 69

cleft lip results from the failure of fusion of what?

Back 69

maxillary and medial nasal processes (primary palate)

Front 70

cleft palate results form the failure of fusion of what?

Back 70

lateral palatine processes, the nasal septum, and/or median palatine process (formation of secondary palate)

Front 71

what does the ventral pancreatic bud differentiate into?

Back 71

pancreatic head, uncinate process (lower half of head), and main pancreatic duct

Front 72

the spleen arises from dorsal mesentery but is supplied by artery of which gut?

Back 72

foregut

Front 73

the genital tubercle gives rise to what strucures?

Back 73

glans penis, glans clitoris (3 g's)

Front 74

what structure do the corpus spongiosum and vestibular bulbs arise from?

Back 74

urogenital sinus

Front 75

what is the female analogue of the bolbourethral glands (Cowper's), and what do they arise from?

Back 75

greater vestibular glands (Bartholin's); urogenital sinus

Front 76

which branchial arch supplies: mandible, malleus, incus, sphenomandibular ligament, muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, lateral and medial pterygoids), mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli, palatini, and anterior 2/3 of tongue?

Back 76

branchial arch 1

Front 77

which branchial arch supplies: stapes, styloid process, lesser horn of hyoid, stylohyoid ligament, muscles of facial expression, stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric?

Back 77

branchial arch 2

Front 78

what cartilage and muscle does branchial arch 3 supply?

Back 78

greater horn of hyoid, stylopharyngeus (CN IX)

Front 79

thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, coniculate, and cuneiform cartilages are derivatives of which branchial arches?

Back 79

branchial arches 4-6

Front 80

most pharyngeal constrictors, cricothyroid, levator veli palatini are supplied by which branchial arch?

Back 80

branchial arch 4

Front 81

the superior laryngeal branch of CN X supplies which branchial arch?

Back 81

4th branchial arch

Front 82

the recurrent laryngeal branch of CN X supplies which branchial arch?

Back 82

6th

Front 83

what placental component is derived from the mother rather than the fetus?

Back 83

lacunar network

Front 84

the omental bursa and greater omentum are derived from what?

Back 84

dorsal mesogastrium, which is the mesentary of the stomach regoin

Front 85

what does an ostium primum type of ASD result from

Back 85

failure of the septum primum to fuse with the endocardial cushions