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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Key Time points
1. Fertilization 2. Blastocyst formation and implantation 3. primitive streak gastrulation 4. somite formation complete, most primordial body structures generated |
1. W/in 24 hours of ovulation
2. day 6 3. day 15 to wk 4 4. wk 5 |
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Gonad
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a gamete producing organ
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Testis/Testicle
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male gonad
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Sperm
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Gametes produced by males, small and motile
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spermatozoa
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mature sperm
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Ovary
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female gonad
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germ line
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gametes and gametic precursor cells
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somatic tissue
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any non germ line tissue
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Primordial germ cells
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earliest stem cells for the entire germ line
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gametes
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eggs and sperm. Haploid reproductive cells that fuse to produce new individuals
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eggs
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gametes produced by females, large and immotile
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Ovum
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mature egg
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Gametogenesis
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gamete formation
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spermatogenesis
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spermatozoa formation
spermatogonia --> spermatozoa |
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Spermiogenesis
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spermatozoa maturation (spermatids --> spermatozoa
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oogenesis
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ovum formation
oogonium --> ova |
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Primordial Germ Cells
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develop into the germ line of the gonad
- appear in the wall of the yolk sac |
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genital ridge
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develop into gonads
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sertoli cells
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provide support and nutrition as well as assist in release into the lumen of sperm
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acrosome
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a cap like structure that covers most of the nucleus
- contains Es required for penetration of the egg |
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residual bodies
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cytoplasmic remains of sloughed off cytoplasm from mature spermatozoa
- left with sertoli cells after the mature spermatozoa are released into the lumen |
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follicular cells
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form squamous epithelium surrounding the oogonia
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primary oocyte
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formed from oogonia undergoing meiosis and arresting in prophase I
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Primoridal follicles
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primary oocyte surrounded by follicular cells
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atresia
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where primordial follicles, along with their oocytes degenerate
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Atresia
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primordial follicles along with their oocytes degenerate
- approximately only 500 ever ovulate from 7 million original germ cells |
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Corpus atreticum
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primary follicles that are not induced by FSH regress by atresia
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FSH
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Produced during puberty responsible for induce maturation of primary follicles
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granulosa cells
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formed from follicular cells once oocyte enlarges
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Secondary follicle
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form when the granulosa cells develop into a stratified (multi cell layer) epithelium
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zona pellucida
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layer of glycoproteins on surface of oocyte, produced from oocyte and granulosa cells
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Theca interna
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with conjunction with granulose cells produce estrogen, which prepares the female reproduction system for embryo implantation
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Antral follicle
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forms when a fluid filled space kown as an antrum develps between the granulosa cells
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Ovum
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progression of secondary oocyte to meiosis metaphase of 2nd division where it arrests until fertilization.
- if it does not get fertizlized it will degenerate |
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Corpus Luteum
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remains of the follicle left in the ovary
- secretes progesterone which prepares the uterus for implanation and nourishment of the embryo |
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Corpus Albicans
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scar tissue left from breakdown of corpus luteum if ovum not fertilized
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Mittelschmerz
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irriation of pelvic peritoneum resulting in middle pain during middle of menstrual cycle resulting from fluid and blood released from the point of ovulation causing irritation to pelvic peritoneum
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capacitation
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removeal of glycoprotein coat from sperm plasma membrane for preparation of implantation in egg
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The ovum uses 3 barriers to prevent polyspermy
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1. Corona Radiata
2. zona pellucida 3. zona reaction |
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Cortical Rxn
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when a sperm fuses with the ovums plasma membrane it causes the release of proteolytic Es (peroxidases) that inactivate receptors for spermatozoa binding on the surface of the zona
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Cleavage
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a series of rapid mitotic divisions of the early embryo that serve to multiple the genomes required for embryogenesis
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blastomere
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cells of the early embryo
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Compaction
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post 3rd cleavage (8 cell stage) tight junctions form due to clustering of blastomeres close together
- segragation to inner and outter cells - inner cells - fetus - outter cells - chorion and placenta |
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Morula
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8 cell embryo
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Syncytiotrophoblast proliferation
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proceeds theembryoblast laminates into 3 layers
1. amnion 2. epiblast 3. hypoblast |
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Amnion
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thin membrane which forms along the interior of the cytotrophoblast
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epiblast
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sheet of high columnar cells.
with the exception of primoridal germ cells, the entir fetus will develop from this layer |
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amniotic cavity
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space fetus will eventually grow into. its a fluid filled cavity developed between the amnion and epiblast
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hypoblast
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shhet of small cuboidal cells between the epiblast and blastocele
produce the yolk sac |
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bilaminar germ disk
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epiblast and hypoblast which form a sheet of cells suspended between the amniotic cavity and blastocele
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Primary yolk sac
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(exoceoelomic cavity) space bound by the extraembryonic endoderm and the hypoblast
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Lacunar stage
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spaces called lacunae form in synctiotrophoblast
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extraembryonic mesoderm
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forms between the cytotrophoblast and extraembryonic endoderm
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Chorion consists of 3 layers which surround the chorionic cavity
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1. somatic extraembryonicmesoderm
2. cytotrophoblast 3. synctiotrophoblast |
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umbilical cord
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formed from the connecting stalk a projection of extraembryonic mesoderm that remains attached to the amnion, germ disc and secondary yolk sac
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