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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ampullary region of uterine tube |
location in female body where fertilization occurs |
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capacitation |
a period of conditioning of sperm in the female reproductive tract; lasts 7 hours; entails epithelial interactions between sperm and mucus of uterine tube; glycoprotein coat and seminal plasma proteins removed from plasma membrane of acrosomal region |
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acrosome reaction |
reaction which occurs after binding of sperm to zona pellucida; induced by zona proteins; causes release of acrosin and trypsin-like substances |
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Phase 1 |
penetration of the corona radiata; capacitated sperm can pass freely through corona cells |
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Phase 2 |
penetration of zona pellucida; acrosomal reaction takes place; polyspermy prevented |
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ZP3 |
ligand in the zona pellucida that mediates the binding of sperm and the acrosomal reaction |
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zona reaction |
release of lysosomal enzymes from cortical granules lining the plasma membrane of the oocyte upon contact of the sperm with the oocyte surface; enzymes alter the properties of the zona pellucida preventing polyspermy |
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disintegrins |
ligands on sperm which bind to the integrins on oocyte to mediate fusion of oocyte and sperm membranes; present in the posterior part of head |
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integrins |
proteins on oocyte which bind disintegrins on sperm; mediate fusion of oocyte to sperm |
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Phase 3 |
fusion of the oocyte and sperm cell membranes; includes cortical and zonal reactions, resumption of second meiotic division, and metabolic activation of the egg |
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second polar body |
smaller daughter cell of the second meiotic division of the oocyte |
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definitive oocyte |
larger daughter cell of the second meiotic division whose chromosomes arrange themselves in female pronucleus |
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female pronucleus |
vesicular nucleus in the definitive oocyte containing 22+X chromosomes |
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male pronucleus |
swollen spermatozoan nucleus which lies close to the female pronucleus in the oocyte |
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main results of fertilization (3) |
restoration of diploid number of chromosomes; determination of sex; initiation of cleavage |
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blastomeres |
cells of the zygote after the initial cleavage |
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compaction |
process of blastomeres maximizing their contact with each other using tight junctions once 8-cell stage is reached; segregates inner cells, which communicate via gap junctions, from outer cells |
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morula |
16-cell stage of zygote; contains inner and outer cell mass; still surrounded by the zona pellucida; occurs on third day after fertilization |
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inner cell mass |
portion of the morula that becomes the embryo proper |
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outer cell mass |
portion of morula that forms the trophoblast, which later contributes to the placenta |
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blastocoele |
the fluid filled cavity of the blastocyst |
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embryoblast |
portion of the blastocyst arising from the inner cell mass |
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trophoblast |
portion of the blastocyst that forms the epithelial wall; comes from the outer cell mass |
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sixth day |
day after fertilization when trophoblast penetrates the uterine mucosa |
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laminin |
ECM molecule which facilitates attachment of trophoblast to endometrium |
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fibronectin |
ECM molecule which facilitates migration of the trophoblast to the endometrium |
