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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Produced at base of limbs in zone of polarizing activity. Involved in patterning along anterior-posterior axis.
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Sonic hedgehog gene
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Produced at apical ectodermal ridge (thickened ectoderm at the distal end of each developing limb). Necessary for organization along dorsal-ventral axis.
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Wnt-7 gene
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Produced at apical ectodermal ridge. Stimulates mitosis of underlying mesoderm, providing for lengthening of limbs.
Receptor mutated in achondroplasia. |
FGF gene
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Involved in segmental organization, highly conserved; mutated in hand-foot-genital syndrome
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homeobox gene
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Fertilization by sperm to form zygote and initiate embryogenesis
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day 0
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hCG secretion begins after implantation of blastocyst
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within week 1
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bilaminar disk:
epiblast hypoblast |
within week 2
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gastrulation:
ectoderm mesoderm endoderm |
within week 3
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primitive streak, notochord, and neural plate begin to form
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within week 3
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neural tube formed and closes
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before week 4
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organogenesis
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weeks 3-8 (embryonic period)
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extremely susceptible to teratogens
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weeks 3-8 (embryonic period)
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heart begins to beat
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week 4
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upper and lower limb buds begin to form
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week 4
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fetal movement, fetus looks like a baby
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week 8
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genitalia have male/female characteristics
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week 10
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What is the function of the alar plate?
What is the function of the basal plate? |
Alar (dorsal) = sensory
Basal (ventral) = motor |
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What are the 2 cavities present by week 2?
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amniotic cavity
yolk sac |
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What are the 2 components to placenta present by week 2?
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syncytiotrophoblast
cytotrophoblast |
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Describe gastrulation
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Hypoblast
Epiblast invaginates --> primitive streak --> mesoderm and endoderm, epiblast forms ectoderm |
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When is a morula formed?
Where is it? |
Day 3
In the proximal fallopian tube |
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When is a blastocyst formed?
Where is it? |
Day 5
In the uterus |
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When does implantation occur?
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Day 6
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Adenohypophysis (from Rathke's pouch)
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surface ectoderm
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lens of the eye
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surface ectoderm
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epithelial lining of oral cavity
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surface ectoderm
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sensory organs of ear, retina, and olfactory epithelium
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surface ectoderm
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epidermis
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surface ectoderm
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salivary, sweat, and mammary glands
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surface ectoderm
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Brain including:
neurohypophysis, CNS neurons, neuroepithelium (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes), ependymal cells, pineal gland |
neuroectoderm
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retina
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neuroectoderm
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spinal cord
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neuroectoderm (neural tube)
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autonomic nervous system
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neural crest
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dorsal root ganglia
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neural crest
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cranial nerves
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neural crest
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celiac ganglion
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neural crest
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melanocytes
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neural crest
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chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla
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neural crest
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enterochromaffin cells
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neural crest
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parafollicular (C) cells of thyroid
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neural crest
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Schwann cells
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neural crest
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pia and arachnoid
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neural crest
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bones of the skull
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neural crest
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odontoblasts
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neural crest
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laryngeal cartilage
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neural crest
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aorticopulmonary septum
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neural crest
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gut tube epithelium and derivatives (listed separately)
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endoderm
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lungs
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endoderm (gut tube derivative)
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liver
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endoderm (gut tube derivative)
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pancreas
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endoderm (gut tube derivative)
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thymus
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endoderm (gut tube derivative)
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parathyroid
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endoderm (gut tube derivative)
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thyroid follicular cells
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endoderm (gut tube derivative)
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muscle
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mesoderm
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bone
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mesoderm
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connective tissue
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mesoderm
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serous linings of body cavities (like peritoneum)
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mesoderm
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spleen
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mesoderm (from foregut mesentary)
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cardiovascular structures
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mesoderm
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lymphatics
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mesoderm
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blood
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mesoderm
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urogenital structures
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mesoderm
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kidneys
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mesoderm
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adrenal cortex
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mesoderm
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Name the mesodermal defects (VACTERL)
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Vertebral defects
Anal atresia Cardiac defects Tracheo-Esophageal fistula Renal defects Limb (bone and muscle) defects |
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What is the postnatal derivative of the notocord?
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The nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disks
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What type of neoplasm contains tissue from all 3 germ layers and is thought to derive from the primitive streak?
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Teratomas
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