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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. The falciform ligament develops from the dorsal mesogastrium.
A. true B. false Dorsal mesogastrim: Greater omentum Attached to greater curvature of stomach (originally dorsal) Ventral mesogastrium: Derived from septum transversum Divided by developing liver into 2 parts Lesser omentum- between liver and stomach Falciform ligament- between liver and ventral body wall |
B. false
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2. The entrance of the main pancreatic duct in the adult is derived from the embryonic ____ pancreatic bud.
A. dorsal B. ventral Ventral bud Uncinate process Inferior part of head of the pancreas Proximal part of main pancreatic duct (of Wirsung) Dorsal bud Major portion of gland Distal portion of main pancreatic duct (of Wirsung) Dorsal duct may persist as accessory pancreatic duct |
B. ventral
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3. In the adult, the accessory pancreatic duct is a remnant of the embryonic ____ pancreatic bud.
A. dorsal B. ventral |
A. dorsal
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4. During early development, the mid gut rotates around the axis of the:
A. cloaca B. ventral pancreatic bud C. inferior mesenteric artery D. superior mesenteric artery-270 degrees counterclockwise accompanied by further elongation and coiling |
D. superior mesenteric artery-270 degrees counterclockwise accompanied by further elongation and coiling
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5. The descending colon is derived from the:
A. midgut B. hindgut C. both D. neither Pharynx-from buccopharyngeal membrane to tracheobranchial diverticulum Foregut-from pharynx to entrance of bile duct into duodenum Midgut-from duodenum distal to entrance of the bile duct to proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon Hindgut-distal 1/3 of the transverse colon to the cloacal membrane |
B. hindgut
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6. The cloaca develops into the adult rectum.
A. true B. false Cloaca-endoderm lined cavity in contact with surface ectoderm at cloacal membrane Terminal portion of hindgut Divided by urorectal septum into primitive urogenital sinus and anorectal canal at ~week 7 Cloacal membrane divided into urogenital membrane and anal membrane |
A. true
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7. Meckel’s diverticulum develops from a persistent portion of the:
A. urachus B. dorsal pancreatic bud C. perineum D. vitelline duct-(persistent portion); may contain heterotopic pancreatic tissue or gastric mucosa |
D. vitelline duct-(persistent portion); may contain heterotopic pancreatic tissue or gastric mucosa
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8. Gastroschisis results from a:
A. defect in the ventral body wall; herniation of abdominal content into amniotic cavity; not covered by peritoneum or amnion B. failure of the cloacal membrane to rupture C. failure of development of autonomic ganglia D. failure of the midgut to retract into the abdomen |
A. defect in the ventral body wall; herniation of abdominal content into amniotic cavity; not covered by peritoneum or amnion
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9. Filtration units develop in the ___ kidney.
A. mesonephric B. metanephric C. both D. neither Pronephros Cervical region Nonfunctional Mesonephros Thoracic, lumbar, sacral region Regresses by end of month 2 Mesonephric duct- Contributes to male genital system Opens into the cloaca Metanephric-definitive kidney; functional by week 10 Sacral region week 5; moves cranially due to growth in lumbar and sacral regions Ureteric bud (metanephric diverticulum) Outgrowth from mesonephric duct near entrance to cloaca Forms collecting system-ureter, pelvis, calcys, and collecting tubules Metanephic tissue cap-sacral region of urogenital ride Induced by presence of collecting tubules to form renal vesicles (metanephric vesicles) Vesicles and capillaries form nephron- glomerulus (blood vessel) Bowman’s capsule, proximal and distal convoluted tubules and loop of Henle |
C. both
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10. Which of the following contributes to the male reproductive system?
A. mesonephros (and opens into cloaca)-metanephric duct B. metanephros C. both D. neither |
A. mesonephros (and opens into cloaca)-metanephric duct
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11. Which of the following is derived from the ureteric bud?
A. loop of Henle B. Bowman’s capsule C. urethra D. ureter, pelvis, calyces, and collecting tubules |
D. ureter, pelvis, calyces, and collecting tubules
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12. Which of the following develops in intermediate mesoderm?
A. pronephros B. mesonephros C. metanephros D. all of the above Urogenital system Intermediate mesoderm Shares ducts |
D. all of the above
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13. All of the following develop from the urogenital sinus except:
A. female urethra B. prostatic urethra C. penile urethra D. all develop from the urogenital sinus Urogenital sinus- bladder and urethra Origin-by division of cloaca by urorectal septum Regions Upper (vesicle)-urinary bladder Continuous with allantosis Remnant of allantosis forms median umblilical ligament (urachus) connecting apex of bladder with urethra Middle (pelvic)-narrow canal; pelvic part; become prostatic and membranous urethra in males and urethra in females Lower (phallic)-become penile urethra in males and lower part of vagina in females |
D. all develop from the urogenital sinus
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14. Hypospadias occurs when the genital tubercle develops inferior to the urethral folds.
A. true B. false Male urethra Hypospadias-urethral opening on inferior aspect of penis; incomplete fusion of urethral folds Epispadias-urethral opening on dorsum of penis; genital tubercle develops inferior to urethral folds |
B. false
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15. All of the following develop from intermediate mesoderm except:
A. medullary cords of the gonad B. cortical cords of the gonad C. primordial germ cells-from endoderm of yolk sac D. all develop from intermediate mesoderm |
C. primordial germ cells-from endoderm of yolk sac
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16. The seminiferous tubules develop from the medullary cords of the gonad.
A. true B. false Primitive sex cords-invagination of cortical epithelium into medulle In males medullary cord canalize at puberty to become seminiferous tubules with spermatogonia and Sertoli cells; interstitial cells produce testosterone beginning at week 8 In female medullary cords degenerate; second generation of cords of invaginating epithelium forms cortical cords; form follicular cells |
A. true
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17. MIS is produced in the developing ____ gonad.
A. male B. female C. both D. neither Male Mesonephric duct develops into epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct MIS (from Sertoli cells) causes regression of paramesonephirc; remnant forms appendix testis Female Mesonephric duct regresses Paramesonephric duct forms oviducts, uterus, and upper vagina Lower portion of vagina from urogenital sinus |
A. male
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18. The _____ duct develops into the duct system of the male reproductive tract.
A. mesonephric B. paramesonephric C. both D. neither |
A. mesonephric
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19. The labia majora and scrotum both develop from the genital swellings.
A. true B. false Male Changes induced by androgens Genital tubercle-penis Urethral folds-penile urethra Genital swelling-scrotum Female Estrogen induced Genital tubercle-clitoris Urethral folds-labia minora Genital swellings-labia majora |
A. true
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20. Female pseudohermaphroditism is most commonly caused by:
A. failure of the paramesonephric ducts to fuse B. mutant testosterone receptors C. adrenal hyperplasia D. low testosterone levels Pseudohermaphroditism- genotypic sex masked by phenotype of opposite sex Male 46XY; may have mutant testosterone Female 46XX; congenital adrenal hyperplasia |
C. adrenal hyperplasia
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21. A urachal cyst is a remnant of the:
A. urogenital sinus B. urogenital ridge C. cloaca D. allantois Urachal cyst or sinus- portion of allantosis persists |
D. allantois
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22. The muscles of the larynx are derived from arch:
A. IV B. VI C. both D. neither |
B. VI
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23. Which of the following muscles is derived from arch I?
A. zygomaticus major B. masseter C. stylohyoid D. stylopharyngeus |
B. masseter
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24. Which of the following innervates derivatives of arch III?
A. CN V B. CN VII C. CN X D. none of the above |
D. none of the above
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25. The hyoid bone develops from arch:
A. III B. IV C. both D. neither |
A. III
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26. The digastric muscle is innervated by:
A. CN V B. CN VII C. both D. neither |
C. both
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27. The incus of the middle ear is derived from arch:
A. I B. II C. both D. neither |
A. I
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28. The middle ear cavity develops from:
A. arch I B. pouch 1 C. cleft 1 D. all of the above |
B. pouch 1
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29. Which of the following is derived from pouch 2?
A. thymus B. superior parathyroid C. inferior parathyroid D. palatine tonsil |
D. palatine tonsil
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30. All of the following develop from arch I except:
A. tongue B. lower lip C. upper lip D. all develop from arch I |
D. all develop from arch I
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31. The ultimobranchial body develops into which of the following?
A. superior parathyroid B. inferior parathyroid C. thymus D. parafollicular cells |
D. parafollicular cells
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32. The external acoustic meatus develops from:
A. cleft 1 B. pouch 1 C. cleft 2 D. pouch 2 |
A. cleft 1
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33. The cervical sinus develops from cleft:
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. all of the above |
D. all of the above
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34. The maxilla develops from:
A. arch I B. intermaxillary segment C. both D. neither |
C. both
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35. The tongue develops from all of the following except:
A. arch I B. arch II-copula-overgrown and disappears C. arch III D. it develops from all of the above |
B. arch II-copula-overgrown and disappears
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36. The tongue is innervated by all of the following cranial nerves except:
A. CN V B. CN VII C. CN IX D. it is innervated by all of the above Innervation of the tongue Motor-CNXII; myoblasts derived from occipital myotomes Taste Anterior-CNVII; facial nerve; chorda tympani Posterior-CNIX; glossopharyngeal nerve General sensory Anterior-mandibular division of CNV Posterior-mostly CNIX some CNX just above epiglottis |
D. it is innervated by all of the above
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37. Follicular cells of the thyroid are derived from the thyroid diverticulum.
A. true B. false Thyroid Begins week 4; first endocrine gland to appear Thickening in pharynx forms thyroid diverticulum Connected to tongue via thyroglossal duct 2 lobes connected by isthmus Pyramidal lobe in 50% of people, superior to isthmus; persistent inferior end of thyroglossal duct Thyroid hormones after week 11 |
A. true
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38. The palatine shelves are derived from:
A. arch I B. intermaxillary segment C. both D. neither |
A. arch I
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39. Which of the following develops into the primary palate?
A. medial nasal prominences B. arch I C. hypobranchial eminence D. all of the above Medial nasal prominence Pushed medially by developing maxillary prominence Fusion in midline forms intermaxillary segment Philtrum of upper lip Portion of maxilla with 4 incisor teeth Primary palate |
A. medial nasal prominences
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A. frontonasal prominence
B. lateral nasal prominence C. mandibular prominence D. medial nasal prominence E. maxillary prominence Frontonasal prominence-forehead, bridge of nose, medial and later nasal prominences Medial nasal prominence-philtrum of upper lip, crest and tip of nose Lateral nasal prominenece-alae of nose Maxillary prominence-cheeks, later part of upper lip Mandibular prominence-lower lip |
40. alae of the nose
B. lateral nasal prominence 41. upper incisor teeth D. medial nasal prominence 42. bridge of the nose A. frontonasal prominence 43. tip of the nose D. medial nasal prominence 44. lower lip C. mandibular prominence 45. philtrum of the upper lip D. medial nasal prominence |
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46. The most common site for a thyroglossal cyst is:
A. superior mediastinum B. dorsal aspect of the neck C. anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle D. midline close to the hyoid bone |
D. midline close to the hyoid bone
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47. Treacher Collins syndrome is associated with which of the following?
A. arch I B. arch II C. pouch 3 D. pouch 4 First arch syndrome-failure of neural crest migration Treacher Collins syndrome Underdeveloped zygomatic bone Poorly developed mandible Lower eyelid defects Deformed external ear and sometimes middle and inner ear Pierre Robin syndrome Hypoplasia of mandible Cleft palate Eye and ear defects |
A. arch I
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48. Cleft lip is a defect normally associated with a(n) ______ cleft.
A. anterior B. posterior Cleft lip and palate Incisive foramen distinguishes between anterior and posterior clefts May be unilateral or bilateral Anterior clefts Cleft lip, cleft upper jaw, cleft between primary and secondary palate Partial of complete lack of fusion of maxillary prominence with medial nasal prominence Posterior clefts Cleft secondary palate, cleft uvula Lack of fusion of palatine shelves Combinations of anterior and posterior clefts |
A. anterior
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49. Which of the following provides motor innervation to the tongue?
A. CN V B. CN VII C. CN IX D. CN XII |
D. CN XII
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50. Ankyloglossia is characterized by failure of the lateral nasal prominence to fuse with the maxillary prominence.
A. true B. false Ankyloglossia-tongue-tie; extended frenulum |
B. false
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