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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Implantation of an embryo is aided by digestive enzymes that are secreted by the trophoblast.
A. true B. false |
True
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2. Where does the primitive streak form? Pg 17
A. at the cranial end of the embryo B. in the trophoblast – forms two tissues – cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast C. in the ectoderm at the caudal end of the embryo – caudal end of epiblast ~ day 16; primitive pit and primitive node are @ caudal end of primitive streak and they help direct activity and movement of cells D. deep to the notochord |
C. in the ectoderm at the caudal end of the embryo – caudal end of epiblast ~ day 16; primitive pit and primitive node are @ caudal end of primitive streak and they help direct activity and movement of cells
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3. Most twins are: pg 23
A. anencephalic B. conjoined – Siamese twins – splitting of zygote at later stages; results in incomplete separation C. dizygotic – two zygotes (fraternal) 2/3 of twins D. monozygotic – single zygote (identical) 1/3 of twins |
C. dizygotic – two zygotes (fraternal) 2/3 of twins
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4. Ovulated oocytes normally survive approximately ____ hours in the female tract. Pg 9
A. 24 – and sperm are usually viable 24 hrs or less; some up to 3 days B. 56 C. 72 D. one week |
A. 24 – and sperm are usually viable 24 hrs or less; some up to 3 days
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5. Where does fertilization normally occur? Pg 9 and 13
A. in the uterus - called placenta previa; implantation outside the uterus is called ectopic pregnancy B. in the ovary C. fimbriae of the uterine tube D. ampulla of the uterine tube |
D. ampulla of the uterine tube
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6. The syncytiotrophoblast: pg 15
A. shows active cell division B. is derived from maternal tissues C. is derived from the cytotrophoblast – both are embryonic contributions and from trophoblast D. is separated from the maternal blood by the cytotrophoblast |
C. is derived from the cytotrophoblast – both are embryonic contributions and from trophoblast
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7. Which of the following occurs during the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle? 7
A. corpus luteum development - luteal phase of ovarian (secretory of uterine) B. glandular dilation and secretion – secretory phase C. follicular development D. spiral artery constriction and relaxation |
C. follicular development
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8. Ectopic pregnancy may be fatal to the mother because of:
A. hemorrhage B. perforation of the gut C. toxemia of pregnancy D. destruction of vital organs by compression from the growing fetus |
A. hemorrhage
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9. The notochord develops from cells of the: pg 17
A. ectoderm B. mesoderm - in the midline from primitive pit to buccopharyngeal membrane C. prechordal plate D. endoderm |
B. mesoderm - in the midline from primitive pit to buccopharyngeal membrane
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10. The morula develops from the: pg 11
A. zygote – 16-32 cells; 3 days post-fertilization B. blastocyst - a fluid filled cavity; 4 days after fertilization C. both D. neither |
A. zygote – 16-32 cells; 3 days post-fertilization
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11. Oogonia divide by mitosis during: pg 2
A. all postnatal periods B. early fetal life – divide to produce oogonia and primary oocytes (committed to meiosis) C. puberty D. up until menopause |
B. early fetal life – divide to produce oogonia and primary oocytes (committed to meiosis)
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12. The sperm penetrates the zona pellucida, digesting a path by the action of enzymes released from the _____ of the sperm. Pg 9
A. neck B. tail C. acrosome D. middle piece *Capacitation – partial distruction of the membrane on the head of the sperm; in the female tract under influence of female secretions; removal of glycoprotein coat overlying acrosome |
C. acrosome
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13. Routine ultrasound examination of a pregnant woman revealed the presence of 12 live embryos. (This is a true clinical case.) Which of the following is the probable cause?
A. inner cell mass divided into 12 independent embryos B. progesterone secretion is increased C. woman was treated with an antifertility drug D. 12 oocytes were fertilized by 12 sperm |
D. 12 oocytes were fertilized by 12 sperm
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14. Trisomy results from: pg 4
A. gene mutation B. nondisjunction – (failure of the chromosome to separate properly) monosomy also results from nondisjunction C. disturbances in spermiogenesis D. disturbances in mitosis |
B. nondisjunction – (failure of the chromosome to separate properly) monosomy also results from nondisjunction
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15. At the completion of meiosis I, cells have _____ chromosomes. Pg 1
A. 46 B. 23 - first division reduces chromosome number from 46(diploid) to 23(haploid) |
B. 23 - first division reduces chromosome number from 46(diploid) to 23(haploid)
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16. Haploid gametes are produced during: pg 2
A. spermatogenesis B. oogenesis C. both D. neither |
C. both
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17. During the process of spermiogenesis, all of the following occur except: pg 2
A. flagellum added B. acrosome produced C. chromosome number reduced D. all of the above occur |
C. chromosome number reduced
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18. Functional sperm are produced from puberty until male menopause. Pg 3
A. true B. false *Functional sperm are produced throughout adult life *Eggs are produced till ~50 yrs old |
B. false
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19. Which of the following are produced in the ovary? Pg 7 & 8
A. estrogen B. progesterone C. both D. neither |
C. both
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24. skeletal muscle
23. skin of the back 22. tubules of the kidney 21. spinal cord 20. epithelial lining of the lung D. ectoderm and endoderm C. mesoderm B. endoderm A. ectoderm E. ectoderm and mesoderm |
24. skeletal muscle
C. mesoderm 23. skin of the back E. ectoderm and mesoderm 22. tubules of the kidney . mesoderm 21. spinal cord A. ectoderm 20. epithelial lining of the lung B. endoderm |
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25. Which of the following becomes incorporated into the mature placenta? Pg 20
A. chorion frondosum – elaboration of villi at embryonic pole B. chorion lavae – smooth portion (no villi) at abembryonic pole C. both D. neither |
A. chorion frondosum – elaboration of villi at embryonic pole
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26. Fetal blood normally circulates freely in the intervillus spaces of the placenta. Pg 20 & 21
A. true B. false *circulation -spinal arteries/intervillous space/endometrial veins -seperation of maternal and fetal blood -by fetal structures -initially four layers -by four months only two layers |
false
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27. The placental membrane is composed of the: *21
A. syncytiotrophoblast B. endothelium of fetal blood vessels C. both D. neither |
C. both
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28. Which of the following normally does not pass through the placental membrane? Pg21
A. hormones B. vitamins C. bacteria D. all of the above pass through the membrane *across the membrane there is exchange of: gaseous products, metabolic products, maternal antibodies, hormones, and deleterious substances (viruses and most drugs) |
C. bacteria
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29. Chorionic villi are _________ components of the placenta. Pg 20 & 16
A. maternal B. embryonic *Fetal (chorion) -chorion frondosum – elaboration of villi at embryonic pole -chorion leave – smooth portion (no villi) at abembryonic pole *Maternal (decidua) – portion of endometrium sloughed at birth -decidua basalis (decidual plate); adjacent to chorion frondosum -decidua capsularis at abembryonic pole -decidua parietalis; uterine wall away from implantation site *Mature Placenta consists of chorion frondosum and decidua basalis *Chorionic villi -primary, only trophoblast cells ~ day 13 -secondary, core of mesoderm ~ day 16 -tertiary, contain blood vessels ~ third week |
B. embryonic
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30. When mature, the ____ encloses the fetus in a fluid-filled sack. Pg 22
A. allantois – outpocketing from yolk sac about day 16 (rudimentary in humans) B. yolk sac – disappears by end of third month C. amnion D. chorion – fetal portion of placenta |
C. amnion
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31. All of the following are components of the mature umbilical cord except: pg23
A. umbilical artery - 2 B. umbilical vein – 1 *& Wharton’s jelly – CT rich in proteoglycans protective of blood vessels C. yolk sac – allantios and coelomic canal disappear D. all of the above are present |
C. yolk sac – allantios and coelomic canal disappear
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32. Amniotic fluid is composed mainly of: pg 22
A. maternal blood B. fetal blood C. water; derived from maternal blood; also from fetal urine (mostly H2O) *fluid increases through pregnancy to ~1 liter at 37wks; it cushions so the fetus is able to freely move and is replaced every 3 hrs D. all of the above in equal concentrations |
C. water; derived from maternal blood; also from fetal urine (mostly H2O)
*fluid increases through pregnancy to ~1 liter at 37wks; it cushions so the fetus is able to freely move and is replaced every 3 hrs |
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33. Capacitation of sperm normally occurs: pg 9
A. in the epididymis of the male B. in the female tract - under the influence of female secretions (partial destruction of the membrane on the head of the sperm) – the removal of glycoprotein coat overlying acrosome C. both D. after fertilization |
B. in the female tract - under the influence of female secretions (partial destruction of the membrane on the head of the sperm) – the removal of glycoprotein coat overlying acrosome
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34. Hydatidiform moles occasionally produce normal embryos.
A. true B. false *abnormal blastocyst trophoblast only ; NO embryonic tissue paternal genes ONLY expressed produce high levels of hCG may produce benign or malignant tumors |
false
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35. The hypoblast is continuous with the lumen of the _____ cavity. Pg 14
A. amniotic B. blastocyst – extaembryonic endoderm lines blastocyst (Heuser’s membrane ) day 9 C. chorionic D. all of the above |
B. blastocyst – extaembryonic endoderm lines blastocyst (Heuser’s membrane ) day 9
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36. Implantation of the embryo normally occurs during the ____ phase of the uterine cycle. Pg 7
A. menstrual – sloughing of functional layer days 1-4 B. proliferative – regeneration of functional layer from basal layer days 5-14 C. secretory – glands secrete glycogen; embryo implants (day 6 of secretory, day 20 of uterine cyle); if no fertilization, ischemia in functional layer leads to sloughing |
C. secretory – glands secrete glycogen; embryo implants (day 6 of secretory, day 20 of uterine cyle); if no fertilization, ischemia in functional layer leads to sloughing
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37. The ____ cavity normally develops within the extraembryonic mesoderm. Pg 15
A. amniotic B. yolk sac C. chorionic ~vacuolation produces 2 layers surrounding extraembryonic coelom (chorionic cavity) 1. somatopleuric mesoderm lines trophoblast and covers amnion 2. splanchnopleuric mesoderm around yolk sac |
C. chorionic
~vacuolation produces 2 layers surrounding extraembryonic coelom (chorionic cavity) 1. somatopleuric mesoderm lines trophoblast and covers amnion 2. splanchnopleuric mesoderm around yolk sac |
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38. The primitive pit is located at the ____ end of the primitive streak. Pg 17
A. caudal B. cranial |
B. cranial
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39. Mesoderm is not present in the: pg 17
A. notochordal process B. buccopharyngeal membrane – lacks mesoderm and has thickened hypoblast @ cephalic region C. it is present in both |
B. buccopharyngeal membrane – lacks mesoderm and has thickened hypoblast @ cephalic region
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40. The notochord induces the formation of the neural plate. Pg 17
A. true B. false |
A. true
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41. Major regulators of the events of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle include: pg 6
A. FSH – produced by anterior pituitary, promotes early development of ovarian follicles B. LH – produced by anterior pituitary, final stages of collicla maturation, triggers ovulation, promotes development of corpus luteum C. both D. neither *ALSO GnRH – produced in hypothalamus, acts on cells of anterior pituitary gland, causes secretion of gonadotropic hormones LH and FSH |
C. both
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42. Which of the following are produced by the corpus luteum? Pg 6,7 and 21
A. estrogen B. progesterone C. both D. neither |
C. both
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43. Which of the following are present during the proliferative phase of the female cycle? Pg 5 & 7
A. Graafian follicle – actually in late follicular which is same time as proliferative B. corpus luteum – luteal phase of ovarian and secretory phase of uterine C. both D. neither |
A. Graafian follicle – actually in late follicular which is same time as proliferative
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44. Which of the following occurs simultaneously with the secretory phase of the uterine cycle? Pg 5-7
A. follicular phase – day 1-12 B. ovulatory phase – day 12-14 C. luteal phase – day 15-28 D. all of the above *menstrual – day 1-4 proliferative – day 5-14 secretory – day 15-28 |
C. luteal phase – day 15-28
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45. The hormone hCG mimics the effects of ___ to maintain the corpus luteum of pregnancy. Pg 21
A. estrogen – stimulate uterine growth and mammary glad development B. progesterone – to maintain pregnancy; from month 4 replaces corpus luteum C. FSH D. LH *hCG – early appearance in urine of mother provides basis for pregnancy tests sommatomammotropin – similar to growth hormone; gives fetus priority to maternal glucose |
D. LH
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46. The connecting stalk is derived from: pg 15
A. epiblast B. hypoblast C. extraembryonic mesoderm D. none of the above *somatopleuric mesoderm connects germ disc to lining of trophoblast (chorionic plate) *will become the umbilicus |
C. extraembryonic mesoderm
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47. Which of the following are hormones of the pituitary that stimulate events of the female cycle? Pg 6
A. GnRH – produced by hypothalamus; acts on celss of anterior pituitary; causes secretion of gonadotropic hormones LH and FSH B. FSH C. estrogen D. all of the above |
B. FSH
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48. Which of the following can be found in ovary? Pg 2&3
A. primary oocyte B. secondary oocyte C. both D. neither |
C. both
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49. Which of the following occurs first? Pg 9-10
A. acrosomal reaction B. cortical reaction C. capacitation D. they all occur simultaneously *Phases of fertilization- 1.capaciation – in female tract under influence of female secretions; removal of glycoprotein coat overlying acrosome 2.acrosome reaction – after contacting the zona pellucida; release of acrosomal enzymes (prteases) needed to penetrate *Prevention of polyspermy 1.cortical reaction – release of granules (lysosomal enzymes) from oocyte caused by penetration 2. zona pellucida – changes in zona pellucida caused by enzymes released in cortical reaction; inactivates receptors for sperm |
C. capacitation
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50. The embryoblast can first be distinguished during week: pg 11-12
A. one B. two C. three D. four |
A. one
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