Embryo In Between Quiz 2 And Midterm

Front 1

Lower Respiratory system develops?

Back 1

Develops as an out pocketing from cranial foregut, beginning 4th week

Front 2

Lower Respiratory system contains?

Back 2

Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs

Front 3

Respiratory Primordium begins as?

Back 3

Laryngotracheal diverticulum

Front 4

Laryngotracheal diverticulum lined by?

Back 4

Endoderm---forms epithelium and glands of lower respiratory tract

Front 5

Location of laryngotracheal diverticulum?

Back 5

Between 4th and 6th pharyngeal arch

Front 6

Which pharyngeal arch does not develop?

Back 6

5th

Front 7

4th and 6th pharyngeal arch innervated by?

Back 7

Vagus nerve

Front 8

Tracheoesophageal folds

Back 8

Layer of splanchnic mesoderm that closes off laryngotracheal diverticulum to separate respiratory and digestive systems

Front 9

Tracheoesophageal fistulas

Back 9

Result of trachea and esophagus not being closed off properly; somehow connected

Front 10

VACTERL

Back 10

Anomalies associated with Tracheoesophageal atresia

Vertebral anomalies
Anal atresia
Cardiovascular anomalies
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Esophageal atresia
Renal and/or radial anomalies
Limb anomalies

Front 11

Development of bronchi and lungs

Back 11

Successive branching off of diverticulum

Front 12

Visceral pleura

Back 12

Derived from splanchnic mesoderm

Front 13

Parietal pleura

Back 13

Derived from somatic mesoderm

Front 14

Primary bronchus

Back 14

Formed Week 5; Right subdivides into 3 secondary bronchi and left subdivides into 2 secondary bronchi

Front 15

Before birth, lungs full of?

Back 15

Fluid

Front 16

Fetuses born at less than 20 weeks gestation

Back 16

Rarely survive because respiratory system not sufficiently mature

Front 17

Fetuses born between 25-28 weeks gestation

Back 17

Can survive with intensive care; earliest period at which fetuses can survive

Front 18

Lungs mature at birth?

Back 18

No. Over 95% of alveoli formed after birth.

Front 19

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Back 19

Deficiency or absence of surfactant

Front 20

Surfactant

Back 20

Allows alveoli to expand with less inflation pressure

Front 21

Thyroxine and cortisol

Back 21

Help to increase production of surfactant

Front 22

Hyaline membrane disease

Back 22

Collapsed alveoli that resemble a glass membrane

Front 23

Right atrium develops from?

Back 23

Right horn of sinus venous, called sinus venarum; primitive atrium forms auricle

Front 24

Primitive atrium forms?

Back 24

Right and left auricle

Front 25

Left atrium develops from?

Back 25

Incorporation of primitive pulmonary vein and its branches; primitive atrium forms auricle

Front 26

Truncal and bulbar ridges are populated with?

Back 26

Neural crest cells

Front 27

Aorticopulmonary septum development

Back 27

Swellings in wall of truncus arteriosus (truncal ridges) and bulbis cords (bulbar ridges); formed as spiral

Front 28

Aorta path in aorticopulmonary septum

Back 28

Behind septum and then spiral to front

Front 29

Pulmonary trunk path in aorticopulmonary septum

Back 29

In front of septum then spiral to back

Front 30

Persistant Truncus Arteriosus

Back 30

Abnormal neural crest cell migration; only partial development of AP septum; only a large vessel leaves heart, receiving blood from both ventricles

Front 31

Sign of persistent truncus arteriosus

Back 31

Cyanosis

Front 32

Transposition of Great Arteries

Back 32

Most common cause of cyanotic heart disease in newborns; AP septum grows in straight line instead of spiral; Aorta and pulmonary trunk associated with wrong ventricle

Front 33

Tetralogy of Fallot

Back 33

Abnormal neural crest cell migration; truncus arterioles not divided equally; results in pulmonary stenosis and overriding aorta and ultimately VSD (ventricular septal defect); marked cyanosis

Front 34

4 classic malformations of Tetralogy of Fallot

Back 34

1. Pulmonary stenosis
2. Right ventricular hypertrophy
3. Overriding aorta
4. Ventricular septal defect

Front 35

Ventricular septal defects (VSD)

Back 35

Most common type of cardiac defect; Abnormal opening in wall between two ventricles

Front 36

3 forms of VSD

Back 36

Membranous VSD
Muscular VSD
Common ventricle

Front 37

Membranous VSD

Back 37

Most common; Failure of membranous part of interventricular septum to develop results in patent interventricular foramen; Lack of fusion of bulbar ridges and endocardial cushions

Front 38

Muscular VSD

Back 38

Excessive cavitation in muscular septum

Front 39

Common ventricle

Back 39

Interventricular septum fails to form completely resulting in 3 chambered heart

Front 40

Endocardial Cushion defect

Back 40

Cushions fail to fuse to make cross, resulting in persistent atrioventricular canal