Embryo - Heart Development

Front 1

When does the cardio vascular system begin to develop?

Back 1

During the 3rd week of embryonic development.

Around day 17-19

Heart starts beating on day 22-23

Front 2

Why does heart tube develop?

Back 2

Out of necessity to establish circulation to deliver nutrients throughout the body.

One of the first organs to develop.

Front 3

Angiogenic cells/ Angioblastic cords

Back 3

Become paired endothelial heart tubes from splanchnopleuric mesoderm

Leteral folding brings them together to fuse into 1 endocardial tube by day 22

Front 4

4 layers of the heart tube

Back 4

Endothelial lining
Cardiac Jelly (CT)
Thick musclar layer
Serous epicardium

Front 5

5 primitive heart tube dilatations/dilations

Back 5

Develop into adult structures of heart

Truncus arteriousus (aorta, pulmonary artery)

Bulbus cordis (rt ventricle & outlet of ventricles)

Primitive ventricle (inlet of ventricles)

Primitive atrium (right and left atria)

Sinus venosus (part of right atrium)

Front 6

Atrioventricular Septum AV

Back 6

Atrioventricular cushions grow together and fuse to form the AV septum and future AV valves

Front 7

Aorticopulmonary Septum AP

Back 7

Divides the truncus (aorta ad pulmonary arteries) arteriosus and bulbus cordis in the aorta and pulmonary trunks

Front 8

Interventricular septum IV

Back 8

Grows from floor of ventricle toward the fused Atrioventricular AV cushions

Front 9

Ductus areteriosus

Back 9

Shunt in pulmonic artery to the aorta

Front 10

Transitional circulation

Back 10

3 shunts close:
Foramen ovale (ligamntum arteriosum)

Ductus arteriosus (ligamentum arteriosum)

Ductus venosus (ligamentum venosum)

Front 11

Intrinsic conduction system

Back 11

Sinotrial node impulse generating tissue in right atrium

AV node

Bundle of HIS

Bundle branch fibers
Purkinje fibers

Front 12

Name the TORCHHes

Cause congenital anomalies

Back 12

Toxoplasmosis (avoid cat litter)

Other: Parvovirus B19, VZV (chicken pox), Syphilis, HIC

Rubella: major cardiac defects

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Herpes

Front 13

Contraindications in pregnancy

Back 13

Drugs: alcohol, accutane, cat X

Botanical Meds: podophyllum

Nutritional supplements: vit A

Accupuncture: L14

Homeopahthy: Ledum

Front 14

Congenital Heart Defects (CHD)

Cyanotic vs Acyanotic

Back 14

Cyanotic: Rt to Lft shunt of blood (blue baby)

Acyanotic: left to rt shunt of blood

Front 15

Ventricular septal defect

Back 15

Left ventricle to right ventricle leak

Front 16

PDA Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Back 16

Usually closes within a few hours or days after birth

Blood that shuld circulate through the body is misdireted to the lungs.

Front 17

Pulmonary valve stenosis

Back 17

narrowing of the pulmonary valve

hyertrophy of right ventricle

Front 18

Aortic valve stenosis

Back 18

narrows or obstructs the aortic valve opening making it difficult to pump blood into aorta

Front 19

Coarctation of aorta

Back 19

narrowing or constriction on a portion of the aorta

forces heart to pump harder to get blood through aorta

Front 20

tetralogy of fallot

Back 20

combination of 4 congenital abnormalities:

pulmonary valve stenosis

(Rt ventricular hypertrophy)

overriding/misplaced aorta

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Result in insufficient amoutn of oxygenated blood reaching the body

Front 21

Transposition of great arteries

Back 21

Positions of the aorta and pulmonary artery are reversed

Front 22

What does the region of AV canal develop into?

Back 22

Mitral and tricuspid valves

Front 23

What accompanies the partitioning of the atrium?

Back 23

Both septum primum and secondum

Front 24

Tetrology of fallot includes...?

Back 24

Stenosis of pulmonary valve

Hypertrophy of right ventricle

IV defect

Overriding aorta

Front 25

The heart is derrived from?

Back 25

neither the ectoderm nor the endoderm

Front 26

True or False:

The CV system begins to develop during the 3rd week?

Back 26

True

Front 27

When do blood islands start to develop?

Back 27

Day 17-18

Front 28

How many pairs of aortic arches?

Where do they grow from?

Back 28

6 pairs

Grow from truncus arteriosus and dorsal aorta

Front 29

Name the aortic arches

Back 29

1: maxillary a
2: stapedial a
3. R & L common carotid aa
R & L internal carotid aa.
4: R subclavian a. &
Arch of aorta
5: regresses in humans
6: R & L pulmonary aa.
& Ductus areteriosus

Front 30

Where does the dorsal aorta fuse

Back 30

Between T4 and L$

Front 31

Lateral sprouts o the dorsal aorta?

Lateral? Dorsolateral? Ventral?

Back 31

Dorsolateral:
Intersegmental aa

Lateral Sprouts:
Suprarenal glands, Kidneys, gonads.

Front 32

Where does the venous system develop from?

Back 32

Vitelline vv: Inferior vena cava IVC, hepatic v, sinusoids, ductus venosus, portal v, inferior mesenteric v, splenic v.

Umbilical vv.: rt. degenerates early, L hepatic sinusoids and ligamentum teres

Cardinal vv:
anterior: SVC, internal jugular v
Posterior: IVC, common iliac v
Subcardinal: IVC renal vv, gonodal vv
Supracardinal: IVC, intercostal vv, heiazygos v, azygos v.

Front 33

What hormones does the placenta produce?

Back 33

hCG

HPL (Human placental lactogen: elevates levels of free fatty acids)

Progesterone

Front 34

What are some harmful substances that pass the placenta?

Back 34

TORCHHes

Cat X drugs: (totally conraindication in preg)

Cat D: risk to fetus Tetracycline

Front 35

Substances that do not cross placental membrane

Back 35

Protein hormones (insulin)

Drugs: Heparin, curare, amino acid

Bacteria