Embryo - Gut

Front 1

Foregut
5 structures and blood supply

Back 1

Pharynx
THoracic esophagus
Abdominal esophagus
Stomach
Superior half of duodenum

Blood supply: celiac artery

Front 2

Midgut
7 structures
Blood supply

Back 2

Inerior half of duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Cecum
Appendix
Ascending colon
Right 2/3 of transverse colon

Blood supply: superior mesenteric artery

Front 3

Hindgut
4 structures
Blood supply

Back 3

Left 1/3 of transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

Blood supply - intferior mesenteric

Front 4

Somatopleuric mesoderm

Back 4

lines the inside of the body wall

Front 5

Splanchnopleuric mesoderm

Back 5

lines the external surface of the gut and the visceral organs derived from the gut tube

Front 6

Intraperitoneal

Back 6

Thin bilayered dorsal mesentery that suspends the abdominal viscera in the coelomic cavity

Front 7

Retroperitoneal

Back 7

Visceral organs that develop in the dorsal body wall and are separated from the coelom by the covering of the serous membrane (no mesentery, rather peritoneum).

Front 8

Secondarily retroperitoneal
Definition and organs

Back 8

Organs that are initially suspended by mesentary and later become fused to the body wall.

Ascending colon, descending colon, duodenum, and pancreas

Front 9

Retoperitoneal organs

Back 9

Kidneys and bladder

Front 10

Formation of the pericardial sac and diaphragm

Back 10

Between weeks 5 and 7

Subdivides the coelom into four cavities

Front 11

Septum transversum

Back 11

Partially separates thoracic and abdominal cavities

Moves caudally elongating the phrenic nerves

Front 12

Pericardial sac

Back 12

Formed from pleuropericardial folds (pericardium from future lungs)

Front 13

Peuropericardial folds

Back 13

Separate pleural and pericardial cavities.

Originate from the lateral body walls

Fused with foregut mesenchyme

Creates 3 compartments:
Ventral pericardial cavity
2 dorsolateral plerual cavities (communicate with peritoneal cavity via the pericardioperitoneal canals)

Front 14

4 things that contribute to the diaphragm

Back 14

2 pleuroperitoneal membranes
Septum transversum
Muscular growth from body wall
Esophagus mesenchyme

Front 15

3 layers of pericardial folds

Back 15

Mediastinal pleura: outer layer of mesoderm

Fibrous pericardium: mesenchyme

Serous pericardium: inner layer of mesoderm

Front 16

Lung development

Back 16

Start to form in week 4 and mature just before birth

Lung bud grows ventrocaudally through mesenchyme surrounding foregut

Bifurcation followed by 16 branching events in both buds generates respiratory trees of two lungs

Front 17

Terminal bronchioles

Back 17

week 6

small branches

Front 18

Respiratory bronchioles

Back 18

weeks 16-28

when each terminal bronchiole divides into two or more respiratory bronchioles

Front 19

What regulates the branching pattern of lungs?

Back 19

Surrounding mesoderm

Becomes highly vascularized

Front 20

Terminal sacs

Back 20

week 36

Stubby branches sprouted from bronchioles become invested in a dense network of capillaries called terminal sacs (primitive alveoli with cuboidal epithelium)

Cuboidal converts to squamous for gas exchange

continue to form as late as age 8

Front 21

Cystic fibrosis

Back 21

Can't get rid of mucus (mucociliary escalator doesn't work well

Front 22

Surfactant proteins

Back 22

respiratory distress may resul from failure to produce these

Develops during week 36 and 38 is full term

Problem with premies

Front 23

Embryonic folding

definition

Back 23

vertebrate body form arises through cephalocaudal and lateral flexion in week 4.

Front 24

Embryonic folding events

Back 24

formation of primitive gut tube

formation of intraembryonic coelom

partitioning of the intraembryonic coelom

components of and positional changes of the diaphragm

Front 25

What kind of folding establishesthe definitive embryonic body form?

Back 25

ventral folding ofthe lateral margins of the embryonic disc

Brings amnion from dorsal surface of embryo around the sides to the ventral surface, eventually amnion covers whole embryo

Front 26

What forms the midgut

What does midgut become

Back 26

remaining yolk sac that is drawn up into the embryo

Eventually will form small instetine

Front 27

How does the Foregut form?

Back 27

Develops due to head fold causing the cranial part ofthe yolk sac to be drawn un into the embryo

Front 28

How does the Hindgut form?

Cloaca?

Back 28

Caudally the nerual tube extends over the cloacal (both feces and urine) membrane causing the caudal part of the olk sac to be drawn up into the embryo

will dilate to form the cloaca which will give rise to the bladder and rectum.

Front 29

Vitelline duct

Back 29

related to yolk sac

assists in communication with yolk sac and the mid portion of gut - related to

Front 30

Gut tube

Back 30

gut tube is created by the fusion of the endoderm of the germ disc

fusion of ectoderm creates the skin

Front 31

Dorsal Mesentery

Back 31

suspends the gut from the posterior wall of the peritoneal cavity

Front 32

Ventral mesentery

Back 32

Formed by thinning of the caudal part of the septum transversum transversum

Connects developing stomach and liver to the anterior body wall.