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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Apoptotic space that seperates Radius and Ulna
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interior necrotic zone
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Limb components from Lateral Plate Mesoderm
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Skeleton, Connective tissue, Blood vessels
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AER 's full name
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Apical Ectodermal Ridge
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Only what tissue can stimulate & maintain AER ?
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Lateral Plate Mesoderm
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Instruction for limb(leg or arm) and prox/dis patterning is in?
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Mesoderm NOT AER
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AER' s relases this to Mesoderm
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FGF
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AER FGF8's down stream induction to form prox/dist pattern
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HOX
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Vitamin A (retinoic acid)'s damage
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HOX (Somites, Neural tube formation, limb formation)
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HOX is found
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Somites, Rhobomeres, limb bud in A/P gradient, prox/dist gradient
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What induces ZPA formation? What's ZPA morphogen?
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Vitamin A, Sonic Hedgehog
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SHH causes the differential paterning of this in A/P direction in limb bud.
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HOX
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This molecue here, induced this other molecule to form D/V patterning in limb
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Wnt7 in Dorsal ectoderm induced dorsl meso expression of Lmx1
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Chemicals harmful to limb formation
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Retinoic acid, Thalidomide
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Phocomelia
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Disruption to Proximal limb but intact distal structure (thalidomide)
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Amniotic band syndrome & oligohydraminos
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Possible mechanical disruptions of limb defect.
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Two signaling for PGC differntaiton and one for migration
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BMP4 (positive), Blimp1 (suppress somatic); Steel/c-kit receptor
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Spermiation
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Extrusion of spermatozoa out of seminifierous tubules.
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Spermatogonial SC self renewal factor
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GDNF
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Spermiogenesis
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Maturation of spermatids to sperm
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Primary oocytes stops forming after___
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20 wks gestation
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This surge causes ovulation
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LH surge
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Two proteins involved in sperm/egg recognition
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CD9 (egg), Izumo (sperm)
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Tumor resulting from left over PGC not migrated properly
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Dysgerminoma
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Primar follicle cells
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Cuboidal granulosa cells
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Implantation molecules involved
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HB-EGF, LIF, selectin
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HGC is first made by
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Syncytiotrophoblast
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Mammal Gastrulation requires signaling by
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BMP4, Nodal
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Notochord expresses this
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SHH
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Mesoderm induction need:
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TGBbeta, FGF, Wnt
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Myoblast formation signaling
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MyoD, MRF needed for myoblast formation; Myogenin needed for fusion
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Somite segmentation signaling requirement
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Mesp2, Notch
|
|
|
Somite regional specification requires
|
HOX (can be damaged by RA)
|
|
|
Apoptotic space that seperates Radius and Ulna
|
interior necrotic zone
|
|
|
Limb components from Lateral Plate Mesoderm
|
Skeleton, Connective tissue, Blood vessels
|
|
|
AER 's full name
|
Apical Ectodermal Ridge
|
|
|
Only what tissue can stimulate & maintain AER ?
|
Lateral Plate Mesoderm
|
|
|
Instruction for limb(leg or arm) and prox/dis patterning is in?
|
Mesoderm NOT AER
|
|
|
AER' s relases this to Mesoderm
|
FGF
|
|
|
AER FGF8's down stream induction to form prox/dist pattern
|
HOX
|
|
|
Vitamin A (retinoic acid)'s damage
|
HOX (Somites, Neural tube formation, limb formation)
|
|
|
HOX is found
|
Somites, Rhobomeres, limb bud in A/P gradient, prox/dist gradient
|
|
|
What induces ZPA formation? What's ZPA morphogen?
|
Vitamin A, Sonic Hedgehog
|
|
|
SHH causes the differential paterning of this in A/P direction in limb bud.
|
HOX
|
|
|
This molecue here, induced this other molecule to form D/V patterning in limb
|
Wnt7 in Dorsal ectoderm induced dorsl meso expression of Lmx1
|
|
|
Chemicals harmful to limb formation
|
Retinoic acid, Thalidomide
|
|
|
Phocomelia
|
Disruption to Proximal limb but intact distal structure (thalidomide)
|
|
|
Amniotic band syndrome & oligohydraminos
|
Possible mechanical disruptions of limb defect.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Two signaling for PGC differntaiton and one for migration
|
BMP4 (positive), Blimp1 (suppress somatic); Steel/c-kit receptor
|
|
|
Spermiation
|
Extrusion of spermatozoa out of seminifierous tubules.
|
|
|
Spermatogonial SC self renewal factor
|
GDNF
|
|
|
Spermiogenesis
|
Maturation of spermatids to sperm
|
|
|
Primary oocytes stops forming after___
|
20 wks gestation
|
|
|
This surge causes ovulation
|
LH surge
|
|
|
Two proteins involved in sperm/egg recognition
|
CD9 (egg), Izumo (sperm)
|
|
|
Tumor resulting from left over PGC not migrated properly
|
Dysgerminoma
|
|
|
Primar follicle cells
|
Cuboidal granulosa cells
|
|
|
Implantation molecules involved
|
HB-EGF, LIF, selectin
|
|
|
HGC is first made by
|
Syncytiotrophoblast
|
|
|
Mammal Gastrulation requires signaling by
|
BMP4, Nodal
|
|
|
Notochord expresses this
|
SHH
|
|
|
Mesoderm induction need:
|
TGBbeta, FGF, Wnt
|
|
|
Myoblast formation signaling
|
MyoD, MRF needed for myoblast formation; Myogenin needed for fusion
|
|
|
Somite segmentation signaling requirement
|
Mesp2, Notch
|
|
|
Somite regional specification requires
|
HOX (can be damaged by RA)
|
|
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Cells that form neuro cord
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Caudal eminence
|
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Neural tube defect chemicals
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Vita A, Valproic acid, or lack of folic acid
|
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DiGeroge gene defect
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Tbx1
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Hirschsprung Gene defct
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c-RET, SOX10, EDN3
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Waardenburg gene defect
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Pax3 (also affects neural tube closure
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