Embryo

Front 1

What happens during week one?

Back 1

Implantation (Blastocyst)

Front 2

Week Two?

Back 2

Bilaminar disc (epiblast:hypoblast)

Front 3

Week Three?

Back 3

Gastrulation

Front 4

What is the rule of two's?

Back 4

2 germ layers: (bilaminar disc): epiblast & hypoblast

2 cavities: Amnionic cavity & yolk sac

2 components of the placenta: cytotrophoblast & syncytiotrophoblast

Front 5

Rule of 3's for week 3?

Back 5

3 germ layers (gastrula) ectoderm (from epiblast), endoderm & mesoderm (from invagination of epiblast into the primitive streak)

Front 6

What forms from neural crest?

Back 6

Neural plate.

Front 7

What forms from neural plate?

Back 7

Neural Tube

Front 8

Most susceptible to Teratogens during which weeks?

Back 8

3rd - 8th week.

Front 9

What is purpose of the 2 umbilical arteries?

Back 9

return oxygenated blood from fetal internal iliac arteries

Front 10

Purpose of the fetal umbilical vein?

Back 10

supplies oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus

Front 11

Fn. of the alantoic duct?

Back 11

Removes nitrogeneous waste (from fetal bladder, like the urethra).

Front 12

What is a single unbilical artery assoc. with?

Back 12

Congenital and chromosomal anomalies

Front 13

Truncus arteriosus gives rise to...

Back 13

Ascending aorta & pulmonary trunk

Front 14

Bulbus cordis gives rise to...

Back 14

Smooth parts of the left and right ventricle

Front 15

Primitive ventricle gives rise to...

Back 15

Trabeculated parts of the left and tight ventricle.

Front 16

Primitive atria gives rise to...

Back 16

Trabeculated Left and Right atrium

Front 17

Left horn of sinus venosus (SV) gives rise to...

Back 17

Coronary sinus

Front 18

Right horn of SV gives rise to...

Back 18

Smooth part of the right atrium

Front 19

Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein give rise to...

Back 19

SVC

Front 20

Where does fetal erythropoiesis occur?

Back 20

Young Liver Synthesizes Blood
Yolk sac
Liver
Spleen
Bone marrow

Front 21

What % of blood in the umbilical vein is saturated with oxygen?

Back 21

80%

Front 22

What are the 3 important shunts in fetal circulation?

Back 22

1. Most of the oxygenated blood reaching the heart via the IVC is diverted through the FORAMEN OVALE and pumped out the aorta to the head.

2. Deoxygenated blood from the SVC is expelled into the pulmonary artery and DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS to the lower body of the fetus.

3. Blood entering the fetus throught the unbilical vein is conducted via the DUCTUS VENOSUS into the IVC.

Front 23

Fetal-postnatal derivatives -
Umbilical vein

Back 23

Ligamentum teres hepatis

Front 24

Fetal-postnatal derivatives -
UmbiLical arteries

Back 24

MediaL umbilical ligaments

Front 25

Fetal-postnatal derivatives -
Ductus aretriosus

Back 25

Ligamentum arteriosum

Front 26

Fetal-postnatal derivatives -
Ductus venosus

Back 26

Ligamentum venosum

Front 27

Fetal-postnatal derivatives -
Foramen ovale

Back 27

Fossa ovalis

Front 28

Fetal-postnatal derivatives -
AllaNtois

Back 28

(urachus: the part of the allantoic duct between the bladder and the umbilicus) MediaN umbilical ligament

Front 29

Fetal-postnatal derivatives -
Notochord

Back 29

nucleus pulposus of the vertebral disc

Front 30

Aortic arch derivatives -
1st part

Back 30

part of MAXillary artery

HINT: 1st arch is MAXimal

Front 31

Aortic arch derivatives -
2nd

Back 31

Stapedial artery and hyoid artery

HINT: "S"econd = "S"tapedial

Front 32

Aortic arch derivatives -
3rd

Back 32

common Carotid artery and proximal part of ICA

HINT: C is the 3rd letter of the alphabet.

Front 33

Aortic arch derivatives -
4th

Back 33

on left, aortic arch; on right, proximal part of the right subclavian artery.

HINT: 4th arch (4 limbs) = systemic

Front 34

Aortic arch derivatives -
6th

Back 34

Proximal part of pulmonary arteries and (on the left only) ductus arteriosus.

HINT: 6th arch = Pulmonary and the pulmonary-to-systemic shunt (ductus arteriosus).

Front 35

What is the Branchial apparatus (aka pharyngeal apparatus) composed of?

Back 35

Clefts (aka grooves), Arches and Pouches (from outside to inside)

Front 36

What germ layer are the branchial clefts, arches and pouches dervied from?

Back 36

Clefts = Ectoderm
Arches = Mesoderm & neural crest cells
Pouches = Endoderm

Front 37

Brachial arch 1 derivatives (cartilages, mm. & nn.)

Back 37

Meckel's cartilage: Mandible, Malleus, incus, sphenoMandibular ligament.

Muscles: MM. of MASTICATION( Masseter, Temporalis, Later & Medial pterygoid), Mylohoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, anterior 2/3 of tongue.

Nerve: CN V2 and CN V3

Front 38

Brachial arch 2 derivatives (cartilages, mm. & nn.)

Back 38

Reichert's cartilage: Stapes, Styloid Process, lesser horn of hyoid, Stylohoid ligament.

Muscles: MM. of FACIAL EXPRESSION, Stapedius, Stylohoid, posterior belly of digastric

Nerve: CN VII

Front 39

Brachial arch 3 derivatives (cartilages, mm. & nn.)

Back 39

Cartilage: Greater horn of hyoid.

Muscle: Stylopharyngeus

Nerve: CN IX

HINT: Think of pharynx!

Front 40

Brachial arch 4-6 derivatives (cartilages, mm. & nn.)

Back 40

Cartilages: Thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids, cuniform.

Muscles: 4th Arch - most of pharyngeal constrictors, CRICOTHYROID, levator veli palatini

6th Arch - All intrinsic mm. of larynx except cricothyroid.

Nerve: 4th arch - CN X (superior laryngeal br.)
6th arch - CN X (recurrent laryngeal br.)

Front 41

Brachial arch 5 derivatives (cartilages, mm. & nn.)

Back 41

Branchial Arch 5 makes no major developmental contributions.

Front 42

What 3 structures are found in ever branchial pouch?

Back 42

Artery, nerve, & cartilage.

Front 43

Where do most CN originate?

Back 43

in hindbrain

Front 44

External Auditory meatus if derived from what branchial cleft?

Back 44

1st cleft

Front 45

What do the 2nd - 4th clefts temporarily form? And then what happens?

Back 45

Temporarily form the cerivical sinuses, which are obliterated by proliferation of 2nd arch mesenchyme.

Front 46

Persistent cervical sinus

Back 46

Leads to a branchial cyst in the lateral neck, and thyroglossal duct cyst in midline neck.

Front 47

Tongue development -
1st branchial arch forms _______
3rd and 4th branchial arches form _______
Motor innervation to tongue by _________

Back 47

1st = anterior 2/3 (taste via CN VII and sensory via CN V3)
3rd and 4th = posterior 1/3 (taste via CN IX)
Motor innervation by CN XII.

Front 48

From which arches are the bones of the ear developed?

Back 48

Malleus = 1st
Incus = 1st
Stapes = 2nd

Front 49

From which arches are the muscles of the ear, tensor tyMpani and Stapedius developed?

Back 49

tensor tyMpani (V3) (same as Malleus) = 1st
Stapedius (VII) = 2nd

Front 50

From which branchial structure (celft, arch or palate) is the external auditory meatus derived?

Back 50

1st cleft.

Front 51

From which structure is the eardrum and eustachian tube developed?

Back 51

1st branchial membrane.