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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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week 3
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trimlaminar disk. gastrulation. primitive streak, notochord, mesoderm, neural plate
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week 3-8
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embryo. neural tube closes by week 4. organogenesis. teratogens
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week 4
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heart beats. upper/lower limb buds
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week 8
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fetus. looks like baby.
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week 10
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can tell sex.
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notochord induces
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overlying ectogerm to differentiate into neuroecto and form neural plate
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neural plate gives rise to
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neural tube and neural crest cells
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notochord becomes
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nucleus pulposus
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rule of 2s for 2nd week
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epiblast, hypoblast
2 cavities: amniotic, yolk sac 2 components to placenta: cytotropho, syncytiotropho |
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rule of 3s for 3rd week
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gastrula: ecto, meso, endoderms
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rule of 4s for 4th week
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4 heart chambers
4 limb buds |
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primitive streak gives rise to
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intraembryonic mesoderm and part of endoderm
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craniopharyngioma
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ectoderm. benign rathkes pouch tumor with cholesterol crystals, calcifications
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neural crest, think:
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PNS, and non-neural structures nearby. teeth. crest toothpaste.
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mesodermal defects
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VACTERL: vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac defects, tracheo-esoph fistula, renal defects, limb defects
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ACEi cause
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renal damage
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alkylating agents cause
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absence of digits
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carbamazepine causes
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neural tube defects, craniofacial defects
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lithium causes
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ebstein's anomaly (atrialized RV)
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phenytoin causes
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microcephaly, hypoplastic nails and distal phalanges, cardiac defects
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valproate causes
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inhibition of maternal folate absorption. neural tube defects
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warfarin causes
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bone deform, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, ophthalmologic abnormalities
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smoking causes
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placental problems, ADHD
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maternal diabetes causes
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caudal regression (anal atresia), heart defect, neural tube defect
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fetal alcohol syndrome causes
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holoprosencephaly, facial abnorm, limb disloc, heart/lung fistulas. inhib of cell migration
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cytotrophoblast
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inner layer. cyto makes cells.
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syncytiotrophoblast
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secretes hCG. stimlates corpus luteum to secrete progesterone during first trimester
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decidua basalis
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derived from endometrium
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umbilical arteries
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2. from fetal internal iliac. umbilical arteries and veins from allantois.
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urachal duct abnormalities
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3rd week: yolk sac forms allantois, which extends into UG sinus. allantois becomes urachus, a duct between bladder and yolk sac.
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failutre of urachus to obliterate causes patent urachus (urine from umbilicus) or vesicourachal diverticulum (bladder outpouch)
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vitelline duct abnorm
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7th week - obliteration of vitelline duct, which connects yolk sac to midgut lumen
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vitelline fistula - failure of duct to close. meconium from umbilicus
meckels divertic-partial close, with patent portion attached to ileum. may have ectopic gastric mucosa, melena, and pain |
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bulbus cordis
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RV and smooth parts of LV and RV (outflow tract)
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truncus arteriosus
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neural crest migration leads to truncal and bulbar ridges that spiral and fuse to form the AP septum, which becomes the ascending aorta and pulm trunk
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TGV (failure to spiral)
ToF (skewed AP septum develop) persistent TA (partial AP septum develop) |
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Eisenmenger's
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previous L-R shunt becomes R-L later in life
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foramen ovale closes soon after birth because
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incr LA pressure because infant takes breath, which decr resistance in pulm vasc
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fetal erythropoiesis wk 3-8
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yolk sac
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fetal erythropoiesis wk 28 on
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bone marrow
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fetal Hb
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alpha2gamma2
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at birth, incr in O2 leads to decr in
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PGs, which closes ductus arteriosus. indomethacin closes, PGs keep open
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umbilical vein becomes
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ligamentum teres hepatis (falciform ligament)
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umbiLical arteries become
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mediaL umbilical ligaments
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allaNtois becomse
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urachus-mediaN umbilical ligament
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neuropores fuse during
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4th week. if not, persistent connection betw amniotic cavity and spinal canal. elevated aFP.
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meningocele
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meninges herniate thru spinal canal defect
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meningomyelocele
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meninges and spinal cord herniate thru spinal canal defect
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anencephaly
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elevated aFP, polyhydramnios
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holoprosencephaly
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cyclopia
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posterior fossa malformation
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dandy walker - large post fossa, absent cerebellar vermis with cystic enlargement of 4th ventricle
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syringomyelia
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spinothal damaged first. bilat loss of pain and temp in upper extrem
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aortic arches
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1st arch is MAXimal
2nd is Stapedial C is 3rd letter 4th arch is 4 limbs (systemic) 6th is pulmonary and ductus arteriosus |
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branchial BS
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CAP covers outside to inside.
clefts ecto arches meso, neural crests (bones, cartilage) pouches endo |
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branchial cleft
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1st cleft is external auditory meatus
2nd-4th should get obliterated, cysts if not |
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branchial arch 1
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Meckels. Mandible, Malleus, muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, incus, ant belly digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini. CNV2 & V3.
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Treacher Collins: 1st arch neural crest fails to migrate. mandib hypoplasia, facial abnormalities
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branchial arch 2
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Reicherts. Stapes, styloid, lesser horn of hyoid, Stylohyoid, musc of facial expression, stapedius, post belly digastric. CNVII
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branchial arch 3
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greater horn of hyoid, stylopharyngeus, CNIX
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congenital pharyngocutaneous fistula
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branchial arch 4-6
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4: pharyngeal constrictors, cricothyroid, levator veli patatini
6: larynx except above (thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids). CNX |
3&4 form posterior 1/3 of tongue
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when you eat at the golden arches, first...
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1 chew, then 2 smile, then 3 swallow stylishly or 4 simply swallow, then 6 speak
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branchial pouch 1
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middle ear
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branchial pouch 2
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palatine tonsil
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branchial pouch 3
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thymus, inferior parathyroids
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branchial pouch 4
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superior parathyroids
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aberrant 3/4 is DiGeorge
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Men2A
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mutation of germline RET (neural crest cells)
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tongue development
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1st arch form anterior 2/3 (sensation by V3, taste VII), 3rd/4th form posterior 1/3 (sensation/taste IX, extreme posterior X)
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cleft lip
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failure of fusion of maxillary and medial nasal processes
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cleft palate
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failure of fusion of lateral palatine processes, nasal septum, and/or median palatine process
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GI failure of rostral fold closure results in
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sternal defects
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GI failure of lateral fold closure results in
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omphalocele, gastroshisis
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gastroshisis - extrusion of abdominal contents thru abdominal folds, not covered by peritoneum
omphalocele - persistence of heriation of abdominal contents into umbilical cord, covered by peritoneum |
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GI failure of caudal fold closure results in
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bladder exstrophy
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midgut 6th week
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herniates thru umbilical ring
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midgut 10th week
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returns to abdominal cavity and rotates around SMA
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path: malrotation of midgut, omphalocele, intestinal atresia or stenosis, volvulus
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TE fistula
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polyhydramnios
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congenital pyloric stenosis
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olive mass in epigastric region, nonbilious projectile vomiting at 2 weeks old
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uncinate process formed by
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ventral bud alone. dorsal pancreatic bud becomes body, tail, isthmus, accessory duct
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pronephros
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week 4
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mesonephros
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kidney for 1st trimester, then male genitals
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metanephros
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appears 5th week.
ureteric bud - from caudal mesonephros. becomes ureters, pelvises, calyces, collecting ducts. fully canalized by 10th week. |
metanephric mesenchyme - interacts with ureteric bud to induce differentiation and formation of glomerulus and tubules to DCT
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potters
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bilat renal agenesis. oligohydramnios. limb deform, face deform, pulm hypoplasia. malform of ureteric bud
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horseshoe kidney
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trapped under IMA. Turners
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female genitalia
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mesonephric duct degen, parameso develops
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male genitalia
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SRY gene on Y chomor makes testis-determining factor. mullerian inhib factor from sertoli suppresses develop of parames. incr androgens from leydigs stimulates develop of meso
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mesoneph duct becomes
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SEED. seminal vesicles, epididymis, ejac duct, ductus deferens
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parameso duct becomes
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fallopian, uterus, upper 1/3 vagina. abnormalities cause amenorrhea in females with fully developed secondary sex characteristics
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bicornuate uterus
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incomplete fusion of parameso ducts
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no sertoli cell or lack of anti-mullerian hormone develops...
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both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia
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genital tubercle becomes
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corpus cavernosum/spongiosum or vestibular bulbs
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UG sinus becomes
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bulbourethral glands of cowper and prostate or greater vestibular glands of bartholin and skene glands
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UG folds become
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penile shaft or labia minora
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exstrophy of bladder associated with
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epispadias
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gubernaculum (band of fibrous tissue) becomes
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ovarian ligament and round ligament or anchors testes in scrotum
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processus vaginalis becomes
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tunica vaginalis in men, nothing in women
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